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Pérez-López (2018) identificó tres parámetros para evaluar la calidad de una organización: eficacia, atractividad y unidad (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). La aplicación de estos parámetros se ha llevado a cabo mayoritariamente en entornos estables, puesto que eran los entornos habituales cuando Pérez-López formuló su teoría. Las últimas décadas han estado marcadas por grandes turbulencias sociales y empresariales (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). Este artículo repasa las tres dimensiones de Pérez-López para diagnosticar la calidad de una organización y sugiere pautas para su aplicación en entornos turbulentos. Pérez-López (2018) identified three parameters to evaluate the quality of an organization: efficacy, attractivity and unity (Ariño, 2005; Ferreiro, Alcázar, 2019). The practical application of these parameters has taken place mostly in stable environments, since this was the state of the world when Pérez-López developed his theories. The last decades have been characterized by big social and organizational changes and high degree of uncertainty (Millar, Groth, Mahon, 2018). This article reviews the three dimensions of Pérez-López to assess que quality of an organization and suggests some guidelines for its implementation in volatile and uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Maynard Keynes's (1936) concept of "animal spirits" or "spontaneous optimism" as a major driving force in business fluctuations was motivated in part by his and his contemporaries' observations of human reactions to ambiguous situations where probabilities couldn't be quantified. We can add that in such ambiguity there is evidence that people let contagious popular narratives and the emotions they generate influence their economic decisions. These narratives are typically remote from factual bases, just contagious. Macroeconomic dynamic models must have a theory that is related to models of the transmission of disease in epidemiology. We need to take the contagion of narratives seriously in economic modeling if we are to improve our understanding of animal spirits and their impact on the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]