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This paper presents the results of an investigation into the application of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in the Colombian capital market. To construct optimal portfolios, CAPM optimization techniques were used that were based on the monthly performance of shares on the Colombian Stock Exchange between 1993 and 2003. The optimum portfolios were then valued, and their profitability was compared with the Colombian market average. Comparing this profitability with the market portfolio for different samples and periods gave uncertain results. It was also found that the optimum portfolio model is little used in Colombia. The paper concludes that improving the application of the optimum portfolio model depends on a higher level of profundización and efficiency in the Colombian capital market. Similarly, the proper use of optimizers by portfolio administrators, added to their experience and intuition, will improve their performance in the capital market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the behavior of high-tech firms, located in technological parks of the Basque Country, concerning the management of knowledge, the kind of strategic alliances they enter, and the effect of such behavior on their performance. The paper is theoretically supported by the resource--based approach (RBA) and the different views on strategic alliances and knowledge management (KM) reviewed and included in the references section. The field work included interviewing more than 66 managers and later work consisted in carrying out statistical analysis on different variables identified. Different tests prove that intangible assets related to human capital (I+D instruction and experience) contribute to the growth of business, that firms tend to enter formal I+D alliances with universities and technological centers rather than other firms, and that these agreements also contribute to the growth of firm business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identifies advances in science, technology and innovation (STI) in Colombia between 1990 and 2005, and then explores: (i) the successes and failures of policies designed to stimulate advances, and (ii) the challenges facing the country when converting knowledge and, especially, innovation into primary sources of development and competition. The paper reviews neoclassical and evolutional contributions in terms of their relationship with technological change, growth and development, and looks at the literature on recent experiences of successful industrialization and national innovation systems. It then moves on to the implications for STI policy, using official information, domestic and international publications and a number of the authors' investigations to evaluate some of the efforts and results indicators related to innovation, production capacity, and scientific divulgation and articulation between actors in the scientific, technological and productive fields. The results show notable advances in science, but precarious results for technology and the links between actors in these fields. The paper then examines the political challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the tax income consequences for the government of creating a tax reduction system based on investments. This type of policy is usually applied with a view to improving the general conditions of the economy, or as a model of investment for the future, but the net effect on tax collection for the government depends on the performance of businesses benefiting from the deductions. This investigation used economic, mathematical, statistical and dynamic tools to describe the optimization problems for businesses and the government (related to fiscal problems) within a neo-classical framework. The practical application is related to Colombia, and uses a calibration of the author's proposed variables. The paper concludes that it is convenient to apply this instrument, given the need to accelerate economic growth and solve a difficult fiscal situation at the same time. Furthermore, it establishes that tax benefits are unlikely to generate excessive levels of investment that would reduce tax collection at current values. However, measures may need to be introduced to control how benefits are granted and avoid opportunistic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it is proven that the entrepreneurial stance on SMEs has a positive influence on export performance. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database from 2011 is used for a sample of 320 exporting SMEs. Using structural equation modeling, a positive effect is proven of entrepreneurial characteristics, internal and external, and access to government resources on entrepreneurial stance. With these results, the SMEs can recognize their weaknesses and strengths on internal resources and their environment, and take steps to improve their export performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the main determinants of sovereign bonds spreads, considering the German and US government bonds as benchmarks, for countries within the European Union and the European Monetary Union, from 2004 to 2011. The econometric methodology of panel data with fixed effects is applied, and the results indicate high adjustments in the face of the different benchmarks. The financial crisis shows a higher impact in those countries within the Eurozone. Future lines of research could contemplate a broader period of study, include more macroeconomic variables and group the countries according to the similarity of their fundamentals to conduct a more exhaustive analysis of the debt markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from an empirical study undertaken by the author at two National Museums in Mexico, this paper examines the interactions of the museums' visitors, as agents that use their capacity and resources to interact with one another as well as with the knowledges and narratives displayed at the museums. Grounded in contemporary debates in the social sciences, the analysis aims at elucidating the dynamics and the experience of power relations as social processes; it presents the different forms in which history and other knowledge, as well skills and abilities, interplay in such processes. The study reveals the social nature of the construction of historical knowledge and its usage —or lack thereof — in the teaching of history and in the formation of national and cultural identities in state institutions such as museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the communicative practices of a Colombian trans-woman scientist, biologist Brigitte Baptiste, when she speaks publicly about environmental issues on different media platforms. In the analysis, I explore the implications of Baptiste's public presence for the imaginaries of readers and journalists regarding science, scientists, and trans-people in Colombia. Leaning on certain feminist critiques of science, I analyze communicative practices as matters of care. Throughout the analysis, I find that care in Baptiste's public presence is performed through the ways in which she connects biodiversity and sexual diversity, thinking with trans-women's experiences to transgress the borders of science and connect it to activism and public service. I conclude that Baptiste's public presence in Colombia is an exceptional example of gender diversity acceptance in the present, though it does represent a speculative commitment towards embracing diversity in general in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuban National System faces an important challenge, which is to consolidate the improvement programs of their institutions; consequently, there are considered key objectives like: fostering creativity and innovation; promoting continuous training; and ensuring the efficiency seeking, the application of best practices and permanent processes evaluation. These objectives are commonly assumed when organizations adopted managerial approaches based on quality, efficiency, effectiveness and service to clients. Hence, this paper shows the results of experiences in business process management, being conceived as a work setting of improvement in health institutions. To seek such goal, it is conducted a bibliography study of 70 methodological procedures, resulting in a new approach that is applied to five hospitals in a Cuban province in order to prove its efficacy for performance improvement, which is illustrated by progress being obtained in service and processes functioning with consequent extension to other hospital of the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the Scale of sexual harassment and social interaction of sexual content at the University, a questionnaire of 38 items that was administered to 1693 people (1521 students and 172 staff members) of a Spanish university. The results indicate that the questionnaire used consists of four factors explaining 61.81% of the total variance and evaluate sexual blackmail behaviors (Scale 1), sexual harassment verbal component (Scale 2) and physical (Scale 3) and social interaction of sexual content (Scale 4) in academia with a favourable reliability data (a between 0.962 and 0.775). Based on the results is recommended the use of the scale in future research on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychometric properties of the Security in the Family System scale (SIFS) (Davies & Forman, 2005) are analyzed in this paper. SIFS measures children's perceived security in the family system grounded on Emotional Security theory (Cummings & Davies, 2010). Particpants were 845 Spanish adolescents and youth, 180 of whom were institutionalized (mean age 15.67 years) while 665 lived with their families (mean age 14.9 years). Confirmatory factor analyses and configural, metric,scalar and strict invariance analyses were performed. Results showed that the instrument is adequate to evaluate Spanish adolescents' and youth's security in the family whether they live with their families or they are institutionalized. The three dimensions predicted by the theory were identified (security, preoccupation and disengagement) with a good internal consistency and comparable punctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show the adaptation and validation process of the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001) in a sample selection of 544 Chilean teachers. This was done using the back translation procedure. For construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis statistic method was applied, which resulted in one additional factor to the three, which were in the original instrument. Secondly, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The latter corroborated the four-dimension solution with appropriate index adjustments. Finally, the internal consistency was analyzed by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed satisfactory rates for each factor and the entire instrument. All these findings support the claim that the adapted version of the questionnaire is valid, reliable and explanatory of the self-efficacy theory for the reality of Chilean teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translational research represents an effort to integrate the results derived from basic research in order to approach them to the applied field. This paper sets out the area of research in regards to the Differential Outcomes Effect (DOE) as a case of translational research, characterized by its contribution to conditional discrimination learning. A revision starting from several germinal works with laboratory animals and that moves into the first studies with humans. Afterwards, some studies that highlight the potential of the application of the Differential Outcomes Procedures (DOP) are revised as a tool for the treatment of persons with several ailments related to learning and memory deficits, as well as their application to the educational field under situations that involve conditional discrimination learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology to validate an instrument for the assessment of competencies associated to a psychology students' profile. Using a quantitative non- experimental- correlational design, with the participation of the school of psychology faculty, a tool was developed based on a group of selected competencies. The validation process was conducted by applying the instrument to second year psychology students. Results demonstrate its validity and contribute to the research on the development and validation of instruments designed to determine whether teaching - learning strategies are achieving the proposed competencies in students' education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role exerted by the organizational climate as a modulator of communication between leadership and role conflict. To do this, the study involved 315 workers of cooperatives in horticulture. The overall results showed that the weather is an element modulator of communication regarding leadership and role conflict. Specifically, the data indicated that the negative influence of communication in leadership on role conflict increases with increasing perceived supportive climate, weather and climate innovation orientation rules, although with lower modulation effects the first two. We discuss the practical implications of the study, along with the limitations and suggestions for future research arising therefrom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to study the factorial invariance of Cognitive Emotional Regulation questionnarie (CERQ) among college students from Lima (Peru) and Cordoba (Argentina), to perform a cross-cultural comparison of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. 345 college students from Lima (men = 26.4%; women = 73.6%) and 358 college students from Córdoba (men = 49.7%; women = 49.7%) were examined. Progressive assessment of the factorial invariance (configural, metric, strong and strict) was performed. The results indicate regarding to configural invariance, the structure invariance of nine oblique factors was verified, and although a detailed analysis identifies a non-invariant functioning in some reactive and intercepts. We conclude that the collected evidence is not enough to develop a model to explain the observed differences, whereupon could ask about it in a future study whether the use of these strategies are relate to specific ideologies and values of each culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic literature review on the Rorschach test and the psychobiology of personality. Rorschach remains one of the worldwide reference psychological tests, about to be a hundred hears since its inception. Moreover, in recent years there are processes of deep transformation in models, theories, diagnostic criteria and types of interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry. In this process neurosciences occupy a central role. It is therefore essential to assess relevance and validity of the Rorschach in that new landscape. After analyzing concerning literature, there are findings that claim that relevance and validity, but even more questions and research trends to explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews corporate political activity (CPA) research articles published between 2004 and 2015 in different journals. A surprising finding is that a low number of articles have dealt with CPA in Latin American cases. To promote research on CPA in these contexts, a research program is presented with the following three-phase structure: basic questions, combination of topics and other subjects of interest. This agenda can outline a path for CPA research that not only supports practices with a contextualized administrative knowledge but also evidences the political actions of enterprises that can promote the control of wrongful corporate behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the competition between Peruvian microfinance institutions (MFIs) using the Boone indicator, from 2003 to 2009. The findings suggest that microfinance has been developing in a more competitive environment that promotes financial inclusion and the development of efficient institutions. In turn, it places on the authorities' agenda the responsibility for monitoring and preventing questionable practices in the provision of credit that can lead to over-indebtedness of clients with the deterioration of the loan portfolio of MFIs. For further research, it is suggested to extend the period of analysis and/or to study the relationship between competition, financial results of institutions and the level of indebtedness of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new theoretical framework for analyzing linguistic power relations and it examines the linguistic effects of what Anibal Quijano has called coloniality of power. The coloniality of language refers to a process of racialization of colonized people as communicating agents (ie, as potential interlocutors) that begins with the conquest of America and nowadays. The research focuses on the dehumanization of the colonized and enslaved populations, and the concomitant contempt of their languages and social ways of making sense, interpreted as expressions of his inferior 'nature'. The results are an original contribution to the debate on the historical relationship between colonialism, race, ethnicity, and language in America. The argument suggests that there is a connection between the reduction of the colonized and racialized populations to a status of non-humans, as well as a monolingual linguistic ideology that hides colonial oppression dialogically and discursively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurers (hmos) argue that there is no incentive to invest in prevention activities because members can easily move to another insurance company. At the same time freedom to choose hmos is a key accountability mechanism of the Colombian Health System because citizens can leave low-quality insurers and enroll in high-quality insurers. This paper quantifies the size of the rate of transfers between hmos in the country to shed light on this debate. This study used publicly available information on affiliation histories to the health system for the last 14 years (2001-2014) for a random sample of adults between 40 and 50 in five different capital cities. The rate of enrollee transfers within a continuous enrollment period between HMO was estimated. Results showed that 56% of enrollees had four or more enrollment periods; within the same enrollment period at least 54% of enrollees did not transfer between HMO; in a year less than 6% decided to transfer; there was a weak correlation between transfers and HMO service quality indicators. Results showed that the transfer rate is low but that the drop-out rate is high. People do not transfer but leaves the systems frequently, which suggest that this behavior is explained by labor market fluctuations. The transfer between HMO is not frequent and this suggests that as accountability mechanism is not working and thus needs to be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic accidents, due to the serious consequences they have on people, and the high economic costs associated with them, are considered a worldwide social and public health problem. This paper assesses economic loss due to motorcycle accidents between 2012 and 2013 in a level 3 hospital. This is a quantitative-explanatory study, where an aggregate loss model is applied. An input of 2,518 patients is used which represents 9.08% of the Medellín's accidents reported. The 72.18% of all emergency events came from motorcycle accidents. Sunday was the day with highest accidents number with a 122 average patients. Average losses per day amount to COP 36,373 million. The operational VaR --maximum loss per day at 95% confidence-- is COP 112,400 million, and represents the probable maximum loss per day. The numbers and variables allow developing mobility policies and increased controls on days and vulnerable places with the highest traffic accidents number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper proposed a conceptual framework to overcome the limitations the disciplinary approaches face when analysing the processes of implementation of health policies on the territory. Method and framework: With this purpose, it established links between the contributions from three fields: the studies on the performance on health care, the theoretical contributions provided by geography, and the research on public policies and implementation. Results: As a result of this approach, it is possible to capture phenomena and processes that, from each of the particular disciplinary perspectives, are opaque for the analysis: on one side, conceiving health attention as a point within a whole that compromises different notions of territory; on the other hand, recognise that at the moment of the implementation on the territory there is a process of recreation of the institutions, where they appear on scene and negotiate different regulation logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The warmth is a subjective phenomenon, fundamental in human relationships. The warmth is contagious, so may be a factor favoring care, but there is no consensus on its definition and domains. Since warmth is a predictor of user satisfaction, it is relevant to use an appropriate way to measure it; however, there have not been found ways to measure it, which motivated this revision. The three-stage procedure of Luiz Pasquali was used to do that, which considers Theoretical, Empirical and Analytical phases. This paper presents the results of the first theoretical phase: behaviors associated with warmth previously identified in the literature. Objectives: To identify behaviors that represent the warmth of the Nurse by reviewing specialized literature, and to operationalize the construct warmth and related variables. Method: Integrative literature review that included the exploration and analysis of the evidence on warmth, which corresponds to the first stage of the research project entitled: Construction and validation of a scale for measuring this warmth in Nursing, which aims to build and validate a scale to measure this phenomenon. This work corresponds to the Theoretical Phase of Pascuali's model. Definition of warmth was revised by using dictionaries and technical articles from various repositories. The descriptors used were "warmth" and "warmth and nursing" in Spanish and English. To define the construct and its variables, the Ethel Bauzer's procedures and Floyd Fowler's method were also considered to supplement the Pascuali's model. Results: Formulation of the construct Warmth in Nursing which includes, 2 domains, 28 verbal variables, 9 nonverbal variables and 93 behaviors. Conclusions: The results of the theoretical phase of the applied model, allowed to formulate the construct domains and variables of Warmth in Nursing. These contributions are of interest for the management of nursing care and teaching, as are directly related to user satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART) marked a deep transformation in the lives of those diagnosed with HIV, as the retro-virus was no longer associated with fast and lethal immune system decay. These people inhabit a new vital space: the chronic disease, characterized by early ageing caused by chronic inflammation of the immune system. This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the chronic condition of HIV patients transcends the mere biological or biomedical realms to be defined in terms of what we will be call a regime of vitality. The production of a new type of citizen, the chronic ones, will be analyzed using a qualitative methodology. Citizens whose understanding of themselves and the world is shaped by biomedical norms and biological data related to HIV representations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a medical point of view, "sexual ambiguity" in new born babies has been categorized as a psychosocial emergency, which sets in motion a diagnostic and interventional protocol--both surgical and hormonal--in order to "determine" the sex and "correct" the body. From social and critical perspectives, it's preferred to speak about sexual variability, that is, about sexed bodies that don't fit into the dualistic expectations of what is considered a suitable for a man's or a woman's body, or in which the different sex components--chromosomal, hormonal, gonadal, or anatomic--are not consistent. In the last decades a strong controversy around intersexuality and the need to change not only the medical management, but also the social models, and the representation of the dualistic collective imagination, has arisen. Nevertheless there seems to be a wide gap between the medical management contexts and languages, and those typical of the political and human rights movements. Bioethical considerations, the role of support groups, and the possible social interventions may open channels of intervention and bridges for dialogue and translation among these isolated spaces. In this sense, this paper intends to analyze the meanings, uses, and practices of the psychosocial in the treatment and research of the intersexualities/DSD in order to explore up until what point there is a "psychosocial turn" taking place, or are we still in a predominantly biomedical management paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to debate the dynamics existing between users of and trainers in a home care course for illegal immigrants in Barcelona. The analysis of these dynamics reveals the ambivalence of the help and support devices used by immigrants. These devices expose distant and top-down social positions (Spanish citizen /immigrant-foreigner), as well as alliances between users and trainers based on their shared identification as "employees" vis-à-vis the "lady of the house". Our analysis also reveals the importance of care work for the reproduction of life and also the lack of social recognition, low pay and poor legal coverage this type of job gets in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the problem of school violence through a critical reading that allows rethinking the approach to school bullying. It proposes a critical psychosocial interactionist approach from a qualitative perspective focused on the reconstruction and understanding of the conflicts in coexistence in secondary schools in Argentina from the perspective of young people and educators. It focus the analysis on physical confrontations ("fights") between students, which emerge in defined situations by the participants, and are defined as deep affronts to their identity and can be understood as recognition conflicts. Finally, it presents considerations around psychosocial intervention through participatory strategies with young people and educators to promote the deconstruction of the arguments that justify violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homonationalism is a conceptual framework that allows to understand how the struggle for LGTB rights is being assimilated by national exceptionalism in order to constitute a geopolitical colonial differentiation. It builds equivalences between homosexual and national subject positions that allows the differentiation of subject positions and populations within the country and between countries, justifying policies based on the differentiation of human rights development. This phenomenon has been applied to the US and its theoretical development is being spreading throughout the world. In light of recent developments both in terms of national identity and LGTB legal rights, Catalonia could be susceptible of an exceptionalism that could lead to homonationalist discourses. This paper explores the homonationalist discourse in Catalonia using narratives from LGTBI activists. Participants identify a homonationalist discourse and recognise the presence of homo-normativity questioned by the activist. Nevertheless, a homonationalist geopolitical hierarchy is not appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of online platforms of people affected by chronic pain without organic cause. This is an emergent and growing malaise in globalized, technologized, western societies, that affects women in 90% of the cases). This malaise has been captured on the clinical category of fibromialgia. The study begins in the studies of biopower and the medicalization of experience, and the gender perspective in health. We ask if online platforms are sufficient to facilitate subjective agencement processes, that make possible a significant corporal, subjective, social and political transformation. We do this from a qualitative methodological approach. Our data source are the interactions in four different blogs and online forums. The results and discussions tackle the recovery and later symbolization of the conflictive experience in the forums, as its reach and limits regarding agencement processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss the way in which specific non-normative sex/gender identities--especially in media context--can be connected to a form of neoliberal governmentality acting upon the subjectivity and behavior of individuals. The particular aim is to examine the relationship between specific media constructions of sex/gender identities and the notion of the subject as a "entrepreneur of the self" present in contemporary psychological discourse. To show this relation, a case consisting on a report published in a pop magazine titled "The new sexual categories" is analyzed. Analysis is conducted using discourse analysis from a pragmatic and foucauldian perspectives. Finally, I show some tensions and dilemmas faced by sex/gender political projects of resistance in contemporary neoliberal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a participatory action research aiming the empowerment of institutional and community networks in the field of the intervention on youth offenders are presented. This paper focuses the analysis on several dimensions allowing us to have a broader perspective on the advances and challenges faced by intervention programmes on youth offenders. The results show the obstacles faced by these interventors in order to achieve efficiency in the use of resources within these networks. This is due to the fragmentation of public policies targeting these young offenders. It is also due to some barriers related to the inclusion of the community dimension within these programmes and also related to the mechanisms in place in order to provide funding. Some improvements in the understanding and integration of these dimensions by the interventors are also highlighted. Improvements in the continuity and complementarity of the work of these networks in order to increase the integration of the community level within the intervention are also found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study whose objective was to describe and make a relational analysis the changes experimented by participants of two emblematic Chilean social programs: Programa Puente and Programa Calle, both belonging to the Social Protection System. Twelve in-deep interviews were made, which were analyzed following the procedures of Grounded Theory. Changes on a personal level (physical well-being, personal value, vital showdown), economic (greater economic capacity, better money management, purchase goods) and relational (improving family and social relations) were identified. These changes interacted with each other and varied according to the level of vulnerability of people, defining different program participation paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the contribution of "Skills for Life Program" to prevention practices adolescent mental health in schools in Chile. Study included a sample of adolescents (N = 212) who participated in the preventive intervention of the program. The goal was to examine changes in variables of school maladjustment (SM) and psychosocial dysfunction (PD) based on their attendance and their parents to the preventive intervention. Design was ex-post-facto, longitudinal prospective, pre and post measurements. Analysis considered repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for related samples. Results indicate a decrease in risk factors associated with SM and PD stability of adolescents. Study implications will be discussed for preventive science and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values are conceptions of good which enlighten and guide human analysis and action. Discounting noteworthy exceptions, community psychology has neglected making explicit and openly discussing its ethical and value dimensions. My aim in this paper to partially remedy such neglect by posing new substantive values and approaches suitable for community practice. I suggest first changes in the deontological values to adapt them to the complexity and dynamism of community work. So I put forward shared or collective autonomy, that extends self-direction to the whole community, to substitute for individual dissolving autonomy. I also introduce self-care (legitimate self-beneficence) to guarantee psychological and moral integrity of the practitioner as well as long term sustainability of community action. I describe, secondly, some core communitarian values. Human development which includes interaction and social bonding besides self-direction. Empowerment, an instrumental value, made of subjective consciousness, communication, and effective social action. Social justice, the main socio-communitarian value, consist of three components: a vital universal minimum, fair distribution of material and psychosocial goods and resources produced by society, and igualitarian personal treatment and relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper present a review of the development and current state of Chilean psychology. In 1946 formally establishes the formation of psychologists in Chile; in 1959, it made official the Association of Psychologists of Chile and in 1968 the College of Psychologists of Chile was founded. This puts Chile in the first countries in the region in the formal development of the discipline. Currently, there are 139 training programs in psychology, taught in 49 universities. Added to that, a growing supply of master’s and doctoral programs in psychology. With regard to the scientific development of the discipline shown a sustained increase in the number of published articles, noting that since 2011 has exceeded 100 items per year, although this production is linked to a few institutions and authors with high prominence. Additionally, a low collaboration between Chilean and Latin American researchers in studies and scientific productivity, despite sharing similar issues and problems observed. Regarding future challenges, it is necessary to increase systems quality assurance in pre and postgraduate courses, as well as the most influential psychologists of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the beginnings of Psychology Education in Argentina and then focusing on the organization of undergraduate programs in the whole country. The aim is to carry out a complete updating information of all universities including psychology programs. Subsequently, the impact of the process of accreditation of undergraduate psychology programs is analyzed. Accreditation began in 2009 and it is not finish at all. On the other hand, graduate programs and organizations of psychology are also examined. It also confirms the professional and clinic bias that characterized Argentina psychology since the early 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper shows the results and main conclusions about the study of self-perceived emotions which predominate in the students and teachers in Physical Education classes in 6º grade of Primary Education, which implies a novel approach: an emotional one, that has been insufficiently treated in educational research up to now. The sample is comprised of 376 students in 6º grade Primary Education and 14 teachers who teach Physical Education classes to these students. We have designed two measuring instruments: DIFSEME and EMOC which have shown optimal levels of reliability and validity. The results show that students experience high emotional intensity, in this case, of a positive nature, which manifests itself in a high prevalence of positive or pleasant emotions and the near absence of negative or unpleasant emotions. Teachers do not seem to manifest especially intense or extreme emotions nor with respect to positive or negative emotions, leading the teacher to settle in an ‘emotional neutrality¡. In any case, one may observe certain prevalence of negative emotions over positive ones. Significant differences were observed between students and teachers regarding the experienced emotional intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the analysis of the meaning of psychoactive drug consumption among indigenous students from the university located in Medellín, Colombia, 2012. This study used grounded theory, rooted in symbolic interactionism as analysis techniques. Six semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted, and 2 focal groups. As a result, the authors characterized the difference in meaning that consuming traditional plants and psychoactive substances has for indigenous communities and for the western community. Likewise, they identified the role of context, peer interaction, and cultural identity. It is concluded that the students’ concepts of traditional indigenous plants and psychoactive substances demonstrate that a transformation is taking place which westernizes the traditional meanings and practices. This is a consequence of the knowledge and experiences acquired in the city, an interaction with Occidentalism that can be detrimental, given their weak cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to assume peace building as a process that is intrinsically related to the constitution of a political subject and the civic strengthening of its actors. The methodologies used are social cartographies, in-depth interviews and focus groups. One finding is the necessity to discuss peace building in relation with the public virtues and citizenship participation through citizens' rights. It concludes that peace building is related with the transformation of social imaginaries, the development of capabilities and the implementation of pedagogies for humanization, from which the political training proposal Humanizarte is designed for its application and validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the investment opportunities in emerging power generation technologies, which are considered risky investments due to the volatility of the market price of electricity, are valuated. This analysis uses both the theoretical framework for valuing real options proposed by Dixit and Pindyck (1994) and theoretical information of investment and operational costs for the technologies being analyzed. The model allows a calculation of the value of the investment opportunity and the optimal trigger price to invest in these technologies within the Colombian electricity market conditions. Results show that under current market conditions investors should defer the investment until a required optimal trigger price is found, results which also correspond to the pattern observed in the Colombian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals associated with the road sediment can impair the quality of air, soil and vegetation of environment when they are suspended by the wind and turbulence induced by the traffic. Additionally, they can affect the water quality of the river systems when they are transported by the runoff. The objective of this paper is to present a temporary assessment (daily) of the heavy metals (Pb-Cu) concentration associated with the road sediment of the localities of Fontibón and Barrios Unidos (Bogotá D.C., Colombia). The concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Previously the samples were digested in a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid (3:1; aqua regia). The results show for the finest fraction of road sediment (≤ 63 µm), which is also the fraction with size closest to the potentially inhalable (≤ 10 µm), that the concentrations tend to increase in dry weather (Pb: 34%; Cu: 40%). The concentrations of Pb and Cu during this period are 1.59 and 5.30 times higher than the lowest limit value fixed by the administrations of Cataluña and Canada, respectively. The findings are a reference point for Colombia in order to publish legislation associated with this type of pollution (hazardous waste). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the inclusion of Mexico in the OECD, this research paper attempts to answer the question of technological innovation for increasing the competitiveness of the four largest firms in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico economically and socially based on their size and characteristics. The research was part of a study conducted in the southeast of Mexico and it was sponsored by the FORDECyT. The current model of the OECD (2009-2010) with standards on the appropriation of knowledge, adapted to the direct interview method was used for the analysis.Although the results showed a noticeable backwardness in the four companies analyzed regarding the appropriation of knowledge, they also show ethnic and cultural differences in the Maya peoples living in this region when it comes to social businesses. They adopt complete technological packages and / or globalizing market models. When facing the impossibility of adopting or appropriating socially the knowledge, they are dependent on their workforce or their ancestral patterns of production and exploitation of the main resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an invitation to think about art and the legacy of violence and injustice in the history of mankind and the efforts from different artistic projects on conflict resolution and the promotion of peace in the world. Some of these experiences are presented and analyzed and it is examined how they have been applied by different disciplines to solve or make progress on some of the problems society faces. It is also important to think about the use of art, theater and creativity as a methodological strategy and as an exercise of participatory research that allows transformative research in the field of violence and teamwork from the affected communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intent of this article is to present, from a specific case, the multiplicity of intentions and discussions between indigenous organizations from Cauca, Colombia. I go back to the concept of ethnicity in order to understand indigenous organizations as arenas where ethnic processes are reconstructed, relationships are redefined and the way diversity is recognized is questioned. However, this paper focuses exclusively on the different expressions and relationships that exist within indigenous organizations, especially those created after the Constitution of 1991. For this purpose I present how the Education Program of the Eastern Cauca Territorial Council of Indigenous Authorities (COTAINDOC) and their main proposals emerged.I conclude that this program redefines its way of recognizing cultural diversity and relationships with other organizations and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: since the mid-2000s, the services marketing literature proposes Service-Dominant Logic as an innovative strategic vision, based on the creation of greater value with - rather than for - the consumer. This paper seeks to explore their applicability to the health service. Methodology: by reviewing and discussing the theoretical of the specificity of the health service on the premises of the Service-Dominant Logic it has been demonstrated that: a) what its main characteristic elements are, b) how the co-creation of value is achieved in the scope of this service. Results: The credence nature, its critical character and its social dimension characterize the health service. With this reality, the co-creation of value in health care is obtained from the active participation of a patient becoming more informed and understanding of the complex balances of the doctor-patient relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches the issue of philosophical perspectives of social justice and its relationship with some of the implications for health systems in Latin America and the world. Three philosophical perspectives of social justice from the radical liberal approach, egalitarian and redistributive liberal, and Marxist egalitarianism or reviewed. Society, their conceptions of health and public health approach. From the theoretical support these approaches, the relationship State are identified. Based on these concepts identify some implications for health systems in each of its representative aspects. The paper concludes with some reflections about the need to discuss the fundamental right to health as a fundamental element of universal health systems and assume a perspective as input for the design and analysis of health systems from the right to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a state of the art on the relationship media-war. It offers a critical review of the studies about this relationship in contexts of armed confrontations, where authorities have tried to exert political influence on journalists, media and public opinion to impose a hegemonic vision for the cause of war. The text emphasizes on the nature of mediatic representations of modern warfare, from a perspective that stresses both the coverage of the war and their regimes of visibility. Finally, it shows the main trends in studies on the coverage of the armed conflict in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a qualitative research tool called Econogram. This instrument has its origin in the need to generate new knowledge to evaluate the effectiveness of the state programs, implemented to attend the population affected by a phenomenon of excessive rainfall in Colombia between November 2010 and March 2011. This research tool is both a format and a technique, which proves the structure of the interactions between an individual, or a group in economic terms. It also allows tracking and understanding shifts in economic behavior throughout time to infer cycles of production, consumption and production networks and trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports pre-post test results on two groups; the purpose is to enhance therapeutic adherence (TA) of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) patients. The sample included 11 patients in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, being served at a public hospital in México. All patients were administered two tests in order to assess their lifestyle and therapeutic adherence. Also pre and post intervention glucose levels were obtained. The intervention consisted of six 40-minutes individual meetings based on motivational interviewing. Seven out of the eleven patients in the intervention group changed their TA level. The pre and post intergroup glucose levels of the experimental group showed statistical differences (p≤ 0.05). We concluded the intervention was effective to increase the TA in DM2 patients. However, it is important to understand that women, due to personal and cultural considerations, face more difficulties to reach a good level of AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]