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Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Temas Socio-Jurídicos is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Bibliometrics is the quantitative evaluation of scientific literature. It constitutes an objective and effective method to analyze the production of scientific communities. By using statistical data, called bibliometric indicators, it provides real information regarding scientific production process. Objective. To analyze the scientific production of MedUNAB journal during the last 18 years through bibliometric and impact indicators. Methodology. Bibliographic and analytical study of MedUNAB journal. Papers issued in the period between 1998 and 2016 were included in this study. Additionally, publications of supplementary type were excluded. The sample takes 573 papers. Those data were obtained from the printed and stored up version, were systematized in Microsoft Excel®, and were exported to STATA 14® software in order to analyze them. Descriptive statistical analyses of bibliometric variables related to management, production and impact were also carried out. Results. In MedUNAB, 19 volumes and 53 issues were published, which comprise 28.31% of the original articles. It was found that the total of the students-authors was 21.42%. 7.82% of manuscripts were identified as product of a research hotbed. 92.55% of papers has a national origin and, in consequence, 97.77% of all the articles is written in Spanish. It is evidenced a statistically relevant relationship between higher h5 index and publication year (p <0.01), national geographic distribution (p <0.01), article type (p <0.01), and category in the Sistema de Indexación y Homologación de Revistas Especializadas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (national system for indexing and homologation of specialized magazines of science, technology and innovation) (p <0.01). Conclusions. Producing original articles and theme reviews constitutes one of the bases of an adequate h5 index, which implies a panorama where quality, not quantity, takes precedence. Bibliometric indicators are an objective vision of the editorial process and allow both the feedback and the consolidation of editorial policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Gaucher disease is a metabolic disorder due to deficiency or absence of acid β-glucosidase enzyme. The diagnosis is clinically suspected, but requires confirmation by measuring the activity of acid β-glucosidase enzyme in leukocytes (gold standard) or in dried blood on filter paper. Objective: To assess the validity of the measurement of acid β-glucosidase enzyme activity in dried blood on filter paper compared to the standard of gold, for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease in patients with clinical suspicion. Methodology: A systematic review of literature was carried out. A PICO question was constructed and validated. A generic search strategy was used based on the key terms (Gaucher Disease and Dried Blood Spot Analysis). Two independent evaluators reviewed and assessed the quality, and extracted information from the articles. Results: Discarding the duplicates, 47 articles were obtained. Four complete texts were evaluated, and three of them were excluded when applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The article that was included had an excellent quality and showed that the enzymatic activity of glucocerebrosidase in dried blood had a sensitivity of 82.3%, a specificity of 94.0% with a cut-off of 0.0-2.75, a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 88.5% with a cut-off point of 0.0-4.4. Conclusions: The enzymatic measurement of acid β-glucosidase in dried blood is an excellent test for an initial diagnosis of Gaucher disease; however, it is not a conclusive proof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the genitourinary system, which accounts for 33.7 - 45.5% of non-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of hydrocele as initial manifestation of genitourinary and miliary tuberculosis, which was an unsuspected disease Case Presentation. Previously healthy male patient is admitted to emergencies due to orchialgia and bilateral hydrocele, with purulent secretion from the scrotum. Was managed with intravenous antibiotic and right hydrocelectomy. Intraoperative findings of thickening of right epididymis and drainage of caseous and purulent material Ipsilateral epididymectomy was performed; testing for detection of tubercle bacillus in specimen and purified protein derivative was requested, and was found positive In the postoperative period, respiratory symptoms arose; paraclinical tests found compromised lungs, pleura and urinary tract by tubercle bacillus. Antituberculous treatment was initiated with satisfactory evolution Discussion. The genitourinary system is the second-most affected system by nonpulmonary tuberculosis. The most affected organ is the kidney (by 80% compared to the others) and the most affected genital organ is the epididymis (22 - 55%). It should be suspected in patients with chronic urinary symptoms with no apparent cause. It is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to infertility and kidney failure Conclusions. Despite the non-specific symptoms and because it is not normally a suspected entity, genitourinary tuberculosis should be ruled out when pulmonary tuberculosis exists. Timely diagnosis and treatment are very important in order to prevent secondary complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To revise the medical notions and the historic representations about public health in Santander require to contrast the results of researches did by different historians trough of thesis, books and papers published in local universities journals. This paper proposes a history of public health implicate to surpass the academic studies about of politic and medical-scientific personalities to be assumed as a interdisciplinary and new-institutional process orientated to the analysis of the State politics about institutions, employees and patient care according to the impact of illness (endemic and epidemic) and the pressure by socio-economical groups interested in it. In this way, the sources and uses of the concept "Public Health" are explored, and its begin in Santander with sanitary politics about "leprosy colonies" are described, including medical and hospitalarian changes as consequence of the creation of the Ministry of Public Health and the Social Security Institute, and finally, a review is realized about the academic production that health and socio-humanistic professionals from Santanderan universities did related with this theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been stated, in different types of texts, that there are only twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Such texts exclude the existence of another cranial pair, the terminal nerve or even cranial zero. This paper considers the mentioned nerve like a cranial pair, specifying both its connections and its functional role in the migration of liberating neurons of the gonadotropic hormone (Gn RH). In this paper is also stated the hypothesis of the phylogenetic existence of a cerebral sector and a common nerve that integrates the terminal nerve with the olfactory nerves and the vomeronasals nerves which seem to carry out the odors detection function as well as in the food search, pheromone detection and nasal vascular regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In 2006, the Nursing School of the University of Chile began changing the teaching plan from a learning objective syllabus to one based on competencies; this implementation began in 2013. Objective: This paper aims to present a summary of a research carried out from 2010 to 2013 by the syllabus innovation commission of the Nursing School from the University of Chile in order to implement a syllabus based on competencies Methodology: It presents the different phases that require the integration of different actors, per se; the academic school staff, external teachers to it, employers, graduates and students from the nursing program as well. Conclusions: This experience allowed thinking about some of the paradigm changes required in this process, such as the student at the learning center, with dynamic and proactive participation of them, the agreement on using a different language, with innovative methodologies that aim to a meaningful learning. [Silva-Galleguillos A. Training by Competencies in Nursing. An Experience from the University of Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The implementation or Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) is a strategy that whose goal is to increase the use of evidence in the context of decision making and building health policies. Nurses of The “Cardioinfantil-IC” Foundation (FCI-IC) established a collaborative agreement with the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, Canada (RNAO), in order to implement and evaluate three of its GPC in adult inpatients. Objective: This paper describes the design, process and preliminary evaluation of an implementation plan between July 2012 and December 2014. Methodology: The selection of the CPG was made after an initial needs diagnosis and a feasibility analysis. Two CPGs were based on prevention: one about fall and another one about pressure ulcers (PU); and one more based on direct care related to assessment and management of diabetic foot ulcers. The indicators selected for CPG about prevention were frequency of evaluation and confirmation of risk and event rate (falls and UP). In the CPG about care was evaluated the percentage of assessed patients (lower limbs and feet) in admissions, the percentage of patient/family education, and the percentage of patients with foot injury reduction (50%). Results: The evaluation of the risk for falls and pressure ulcers with a reassessment ranging from 24 to 72 hours was performed in all patients that were admitted. There was a reduction in the use of guardrails, and a low reduction in falls. There was no change in the rate of pressure ulcers but the incidence of ulcers was limited to grade II. The assessment in lower limbs, the education, and care about foot ulcers in diabetic patients increased. Conclusions: The implementation process of GPC, as a result of the networking with the RNAO, has guided nursing care practice based on the assessment of risk and events. Some limitations in the level of evidence of some recommendations have promoted the development of a new research. [Cortés OL, SernaRestrepo A, Salazar-Beltrán LD, Rojas-Castañeda YA, Cabrera-González S, Arévalo-Sandoval I. Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario-RNAO: A Nursing Experience in a Colombian Hospital. MedUNAB 2016; 19(2): 103-114]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reflexión Politica is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Since its first use in 1926 in eclampsia's management magnesium sulphate has been a drug used and studied extensively by obstetricians. For a long time, practitioners remained sceptical about its potential benefits but the emergence of well-structured studies provided evidence in favor and against. Objective: A review of the literature on the pharmacology, physiology, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, main applications and schemes of administration of the sulfate of magnesium in obstetrics. Methodology: Search in the database MEDLINE via PubMed, using the terms: Magnesium Sulfate, pharmacology, Obstetrics, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Neuroprotective Agents. Other papers were added in order to expand information on some topics. Conclusions: The pharmacological properties that express the magnesium sulfate is linked directly with its effect antagonistic with the calcium. Shows effects to level muscle, neuronal, cardiovascular, among others. Its uses in obstetrics include mainly the management of preeclampsia, prevention of eclampsia, and prevention of cerebral palsy in the premature neonate. The magnesium sulphate tocolytic effects even is discussed because the evidence is inconclusive. [Rodríguez-Hernández PA, Beltrán-Avendaño MA. An approach to the pharmacology of magnesium sulfate from an obstetric perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survival of critically ill neonates has increased, which has led to professional caregivers of these babies to face ethical decisions about it. This paper outlines the aim of characterizing ethical situations that caregivers face, the criterion they use and how decisions on ethical dilemmas are taken by Pediatricians and Neonatologists. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed. 87 neonatologists and/or Pediatricians, who work in neonatal care units in Chia and Bogota between October 1 of 2014 and January 31 of 2015, were invited to participate and answer a characterization survey voluntarily, but only 45 professionals (51.7%) agreed to take part in it. An exploratory data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics. Results: Professionals who answered the survey, 100.0% of them has faced ethical problems, 60.0% of them has received some training in bioethics, 33.0% relies on ethics committee, 98.0% has a viability limit to start reanimating and 93.0% has limited the therapeutic effort; 98.0% includes parents in decisions and registers the decision in the medical record. Conclusions: Ethical conflicts in the neonatal care unit are frequent. Most professionals have training and an ethics committee for decision-making. Among the specialists there are heterogeneous views on certain ethical problems in neonatal care units. [Agudelo-Pérez SI, Maldonado- Calderón MJ, Pinzón-Flórez C, Pérez-Barreto C, Mazzantidi- Ruggiero M. Characterization of making ethical decisions in neonatal care units by pediatricians and neonatologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Addressing chronic illness implies having an outline of objective, pertinent, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective measures. Objective: This paper's objective is to establish a system of indicators required to measure the relative cost of family care of people with chronic disease. Metodology: Starting with the "Model for the Reduction of Care Burden of Chronic Disease" MDCC-EC, and based on the UN SIMEGE Guide, for the development of indicators in order to measure and monitor the processes aimed at reducing the cost of family care of chronic disease. Results: The methodology proposed in the UN SIMEGE Guide allowed the construction of indicators for five characteristics associated with family care for people with chronic disease. These characteristics are described as a fundamental component of the MDCC-EC and they include: The care access, care continuity, care safety, the self-care capacity and the social support with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Conclusions: The 19 indicators established allow the measurement of the cost of family care for people with chronic disease. This measurement is necessary and indispensable to know, understand, guide and correct implementation of strategies, actions and results of the implementation of MDCC-EC in relation to ill people and their families. These indicators are essential in order to communicate the results of the fulfillment of the goals for how the conceptual theoretical approaches of the MDCC-EC are met in compliance with the requirements of users of services and to continue improving the given services adding value to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]