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The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to perform the Spanish adaptation of the Networked Minds Social Presence Measure (Harms & Biocca, 2004) with 36 items, and specifically, to virtual learning environments, and on the other hand, to obtain a shortened version of it. In doing so, the scale reliability was analyzed, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed, and also the relationship between social presence and perceived learning was studied, by means of two cross-sectional samples of university students (n = 270 and 315, respectively). Results show good instrument reliability, reproduce the original scale factor structure, and confirm a positive relationship of social presence with perceived learning. The adapted scale was reduced to 17 items. This allows us to have a shorter instrument which is adapted to the measure of social presence in virtual learning environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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