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In the paper are exposed the possibilities of achieving a clean technology of production of corrugated paper from the employment of the pounding of the trash of sugar cane with ethanol. Were established the possibilities of achieving, by means of an analysis, processes of material and energy integration of the manufacture of sugar and installations of production of by-products. These processes are technologically and energetically sustainable, environmentally compatible, and economically competitive based in the benefits that can be achieved through the material and energy integration of the sugar cane by-products and the possibility of producing celluloid pulps with ethanol for corrugated cardboard, and by-products from the lignin obtained in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current development model is structured around the intensive exploitation of natural resources, which implies the expansion of extractive activities as a source of capital accumulation. In this sense, and given the centrality of the environment-development binomial, the objective of this paper is to analyze the multiple dimensions (narrative, symbolic, cultural, political, economic, territorial, etc.) involved in the extractivist model. The proposed methodology consists of compiling bibliographic sources and carrying out a referential sampling in order to give a schematic account of the main approaches, points in common and the different ways of approaching the problem from the social sciences, as well as their contributions and limitations. The main findings show the importance of respecting the peculiarities of the case studies and the relevance of researching alternative literatures that allow a better understanding of the phenomena under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the centuries, the populations of human beings settled in the surroundings of water tributaries have indiscriminately disposed of their waste, throwing it into rivers, lakes, oceans, and surrounding land. When the amounts of waste, mostly biodegradable, are low, the environmental consequences and the health of biotic communities are minimal. However, the mass manufacture and disposal of non- biodegradable synthetic materials since the mid-20th century has had profound biological and environmental effects. Plastics are the most significant example of these ubiquitous synthetic materials, usually single-use, non-biodegradable and with high amounts of toxic chemical additives. Due to the high stability and resistance of plastic, it is impossible to quickly bind it in processes that allow its degradation and decomposition; for this reason, they have become half of the waste that exists on the planet today. The drift of these materials leads them, under ambient conditions, to gradually fragment into particles reaching the scales of micrometers and nanometers. These particles have been categorized as incidental contaminants: micro and nanoplastics. Today, the world is witnessing the nanotechnology boom and more and more industries are interested in the use of this emerging technology; They intentionally produce micro and nanoplastics to be incorporated into cosmetic products, textile fibers, among many other purposes. The contamination of these plastic particles of imperceptible dimensions, reaches food for human consumption through persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation, through different routes of exposure, mainly through ingestion in the different chains that make up the global trophic web, in addition, of the migration of the material used for the storage, preservation and packaging of food. When ingested, nanoplastics and some microplastics cross physical epithelial barriers and are distributed throughout the body, entering practically all body tissues, altering their function and increasing the disease burden of biotic communities, including humans. As they are considered inert and heterogeneous materials, their identification and recovery are complex, in addition to not being completely effective. This paper seeks to review information that allows evaluating the impact of nanoplastics present in food, highlighting the toxic effects that these materials have for human health through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains at the subcellular biomolecular level and, on the other hand, describe recovery techniques for nanoplastics to reduce their presence in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My aim in this paper is to provide an interpretation of Martin Heidegger's notion of biological organisms as it appears in his 1929 courses. I will first frame the discussion within Heidegger's interpretation of naturalism and his understanding of the relationship between philosophy and science. Then, I will analyze his interpretation of embryology and ecology through which he provides original insights to philosophy of biology, specially regarding the problem of the identity of biological organisms. Finally, I will show how this interpretation entails a profound critique of substance-oriented ontologies of the organism in favor of relational and processual conceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of technological development during the twentieth century that focuses on video games, technological obsolescence, and digital garbage. In addition to mapping this trajectory, this article problematizes the relationship between games and ideas about the Anthropocene using examples of electronic games that incorporate environmental narratives in their gameplay. We demonstrate that the video game industry emerged synchronously alongside military development during the twentieth century, became an environmental problem by producing digital garbage, and, in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, incorporated concerns about Anthropocene-related crises in the gameplay of its games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: Life Cycle Assessment [LCA] is a useful tool for assessing the potential environmental impacts of a product. Due to the growing interest in climate change mitigation and on the implementation of sustainable practices of production, it is interesting to study the environmental profile of essential oil products and similar products to identi fy shortcomings in current technologies and possibilities for improvement. Knowledge gap: the existing literature about the essential oil production lines is quite limited, although its production is similar to other products derived from agricultural materials, for which the bibliography is more extensive. Purpose: to review the methodological aspects addressed in research related to life cycle analysis of agricultural feedstocks, with focus on essential oil production. The study was focused on those studies that employed a non-conventional approach describing the reasons for their methodological choices. Methodology: research papers from the last 12 years, which analysed the life cycle of agro-industrial products, were searched and filtered. The aspects reviewed included the scope, the impact categories, the functional unit, the sources of information, the allocation methods, and the tools (software and database) used. Results and conclusions: using the previous aspects, it was possible to identify methodological trends such as the general use of a cradle-to-gate approach, the use of SimaPro software coupled with the Ecoinvent database, and mass and economic allocation methods. Regarding the last method, it was found that the economic allocation is more accentuated in the case of essential oils, due to the significant differences that exist between their mass and economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centered in ecosocialist and ecofeminist perspectives, this paper examines the negative impact of extractivism as an economic activity that removes a huge number of natural resources and evaluates how global capital's ecological management, which I call "greening," has developed in Central and South America. Three questions are addressed: how the regional and local network on the governance of nature in Latin America has been organized; why extractivism strikes women hardest; and to what extent and how movements against extractivism have become involved in contesting global trends as well as national and local policies supporting them. The paper exposes the United Nations as a key force in the permanent model of colonialism, economic dependence, patriarchy, and geopolitical power characterizing extractivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes an economic assessment of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency. It analyzes the triangle of incompatibilities: high income inequality-reprimarization of the economy-high economic growth; and if one adds the environment, one could say the impossible squaring of the circle. The result of this impossibility is economic stagnation, persistent high inequality, deterioration of the standard of living, especially of the poorest, and serious damage to the environment through deforestation. The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have shaken an already "sick" economy and reveal the structural crisis in Brazil, as well as the turning points in the functioning of the labor market. The present ruptures suggest the political exhaustion of the current presidency and that the country is at a crossroads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence is giving rise to intense debates in the doctrine about its compatibility with the humanist ethics prevailing in Western society. This anthropocentric perspective of the paradigm shift posed by artificial intelligence does not, however, exhaust the line of pernicious consequences that may accompany it. Thus, the environment also emerges as a legal asset to be protected against the phenomenon of this new technology. The enormous amount of energy demanded by some of the artificial intelligence models erodes any energy efficiency objectives that may be set in the field of ICTs. For this reason, the aim of this paper will be to analyze this new challenge that environmental law will have to face sooner rather than later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the environmental rule of law offers a new scenario regarding the judicial function. In this sense, the judge, far from limiting itself to mechanically applying the rules, is active and has broad normative powers. This characterization encourages us to seriously think about two problems in particular: on one hand, wide judicial freedom can become a risk for the institutionality of law and the power division scheme; on the other, it can violate the citizens' constitutional guarantees. This paper aims to discuss those two problems. It will seek to argue in favor of the thesis that proactive judicial practices would fall prima facie into justified activism as long as certain limits are respected (procedural and related to the state organization) and that there is a serious commitment to human rights, the defense of the collective good of the environment, and the realization of environmental justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a look at the social conflicts that have taken place in Costa Rica during the Covid-19 pandemic (January 2020 and December 2021). This study comes from the registered collective actions and the experiences of the "Community Observatory of Collective Actions." Based on this data, four axes of conflict were identified during this period: a) The demand for rights and defense of indigenous territories, b) Communities in defense of water and the environment, c) Draft laws that threaten common goods, d) Labor conflicts and pollution in the production of monocultives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to propose a critical and decolonial reflection on the limits, challenges and alternatives of risk governance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper begins with an invitation to think about the current crisis of multilateralism as a first step to problematize the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its effects on the institutional frameworks of global politics. To understand the consequences of the current pandemic in the shaping of governance schemes adopted to address the emergency, reference is made to a body of literature that addresses perspectives on risk and uncertainty in contexts of transition towards sustainability. It also delves into the notion of geography of knowledge --developed by Latin American political ecology-- to explain the deep entanglements between the coloniality of knowledge and the construction of public imaginaries and knowledge devices on risk control and governance. We understand this reflection as "being part" of an exercise of sociological imagination that seeks to contribute to the construction of possible futures, in which integral and safe spaces are available for the reproduction of all forms of life on the planet. This reflection concludes with some ideas on the need to stimulate a new and different set of relations between sciences, technologies and knowledge, which ensures the adequate exercise of citizen practices and diverse subjectivities, in harmony with social participation in pluralistic contexts and full recognition of rights. COVID-19 represents an important opportunity to think about different ways of environmental cosmopolitanism, capable of bringing these ideas to the political arena through social movements, which could be taking shape in addressing the emergency at the local and community levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a decision of the Plenary Assembly of the Italian Council of State (no. 6/2020), this paper aims at offering some brief general reflections with reference to access to administrative judicial protection of the environment as a typical super-individual interest, also with a view to safeguarding the interests of future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a comparative study of the socio-state capacities developed during the processes of institutionalising protected natural areas (PNA) in Latin America. It sets them within a framework of their interdependence with global governance processes and in relation to the role human rights have played for these purposes. Taking an approach that combines analysis of multilevel collective action with process monitoring, this work traces the trajectories of national and multilateral institutions; analyses the main dynamics that arise in the delimitation of the protection of natural areas in the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the region; and explores the possibilities for new agreements on the global agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of internationalising the legal mobilisation that sought reparations for the mining disaster that took place in 2015 in the city of Mariana, the Doce River basin and on Brazil's southeastern coastline. It seeks to understand the dynamics produced by activating different levels of justice and the effects of internationalisation on the functioning of justice institutions at national level. Two separate patterns of internationalisation are noted: a) via the traditional human rights defence networks; and b) a new one, promoted by an international office specialised in "alternative litigation financing" (ALF), which employs arguments from environmental law and transnational legislation. The characteristics of these two patterns are examined along with their effects on the dynamics of legal mobilisation and national institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are common in the mining industry and have the watchful eye of their stakeholders. However, limited attention has been given to the perceptions of the host communities regarding these initiatives. This paper seeks to explore the perceptions of a host community, located in the north of Chile, regarding the CSR initiatives of mining companies close to their community. Through a qualitative methodology, nine semi-structured interviews (to residents and workers of the host community) are conducted. The data are analyzed with the thematic analysis technique and, together with the theoretical lenses of the CSR pyramid and the stakeholder theory, the results are obtained. The main findings indicate that the host community perceives different responsibilities regarding the CSR initiatives of the mining industry. These dimensions comprise the level of importance perceived by the community, from the bottom (most important) to the top of the pyramid (least important), such as environmental responsibility, responsibility for health and safety well-being, ethical responsibility, economic responsibility, legal responsibility, and finally, philanthropic responsibility. The investigation contributes to the literature on CSR in the mining industry, generating practical implications for public policies, the management of mining companies and the leaders of the host community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the fundamental axes that currently converge for the needs of nature and humanity. The philosophical statements contained in this reflection become valid when it comes to articulating ethical codes with the advancement of science and, at the same time, educating through an axiological system that leads to sustainable human development. In this order of ideas, it is pointed out how Western progress has led to catastrophic events for life on the planet, coupled with the excessive use of science, without any ethical criteria to regulate their actions. However, as a result of the moral reflection of recent times, of the voices of various social groups, scientific improvements have been questioned and directed towards the production of knowledge that allows human activity to be deployed positively on nature and on society, taking into account that, to make this possible, it is necessary to combine ethics, science and education, to walk towards progress in terms of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses how the law and the 1980 Constitution deal with nature. This view contrasts with the perspective of the philosophies of the indigenous Andean and Mapuche peoples which consider the interrelation, interdependence and reciprocity in the relationships between society and nature. From the standpoint of the environmental problems that science has systematized and that affect the world and the country, this paper puts forward proposals for a new configuration for issues concerning the environment and nature in the Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental compensation is a technical-legal instrument of environmental management used to offset damage due to non-reversible and unavoidable impacts. Usually, offset regulations are included in national environmental legislations. This paper summarizes environmental compensation legislation in Costa Rica, a country with a recognized conservation tradition and environmental awareness. Our goal is to describe how compensation is formulated in that country and identify possible regulations gaps. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of environmental legislation through the Costa Rican Legal Information System (http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/avanzada_pgr.aspx), considering both regulations and pronouncements on compensation measures and mitigation. Results: The Political Constitution of Costa Rica recognizes a healthy environment as a fundamental right for all citizens. At least seven laws dealing with environmental issues and their respective regulations are currently enforced. This bulky legislation aims to protect natural resources by regulating their use and creating an assemblage of protected wild areas. However, the legislation is somewhat repetitive and open to interpretation, facilitating confusion. Actions requiring compensation are regulated in a general way, making it difficult to establish when and how to apply them. In addition, compensation is considered based on when the damage is identified and not on its level of environmental impact. Furthermore, the regulations do not make explicit the principles and goals that support the compensatory measures or how they should be carried out, briefly mentioning some actions that do not ensure that the net environmental loss is zero. Conclusions: This review reveals the need to standardize the mechanisms to determine compensatory measures at the regulatory level, also analyzing the strategies that will be followed to ensure proportionality and ecological equivalence. The legislation must emphasize the importance of compensation as a positive practice, which must be incorporated within the guidelines of the Environmental Impact Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, global warming has intensified fires that have destroyed huge forested areas in various parts of the world. Argentina has not been exempted from this problem, nor has its province of Chaco. Therefore, this article attempts to give a geographical look at the issue of forest fires that occurred in nine departments in the east of this province during the period between 2015 and 2020. Through statistical analysis and georeferencing of information from different sources, the paper aims to identify the fire outbreaks that have been recorded in the study area described above and in that period of time, and characterize the current provincial management on the subject of fire risks. The production of cartography was made from the use of Qgis. In 2020, the region under analysis suffered a large number of fire outbreaks in rural areas that affected a little more than 60,000 hectares, destroying pastures, native and planted forests and, consequently, deteriorating soils, wildlife, and also damaging stubble cover and farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the nature of climate litigation at the international level and its role in sustainable development and nature conservation. Climate litigation has allowed claims to be made against governments regarding the climate crisis and companies, especially the largest generators of greenhouse gas emissions. They have also given way to the recognition of the impact and moral responsibility of companies and the lack of action by governments in the global environmental crisis, as well as highlighting the need for each country to establish regulations that promote truly sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing the current socio-ecological state that has led to the proposal of the Anthropocene epoch, but also to other conceptualizations such as the global environmental change and the (ecological) planetary boundaries, this paper briefly analyses the theoretical-conceptual scope and limitations of the idea of the Anthropocene. It continues with a critical reading of the challenges that the expansion of urban space brings with it under the logic of capital accumulation; indeed, the main configuration of space under the so-called Anthropocene epoch. The speculative character of contemporary production of urban space and its main socioecological implications, which take place in an uneven manner, are thus discussed from a critical perspective of urban political geography and urban political ecology. The paper concludes with a deliberation on the basic characteristics of an eventual urban transition towards environmentally less devastating and socially fairer and more inclusive modalities of urban space production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental risk management provides a preventive vision for socio-economic development in face of a changing climate. In this paper a technology for risk management at strategic and operational levels is proposed as essential support for decision-making to events of natural origin such as drought. The system dynamic simulation was carried out from the theoretical modeling of process; in addition, intelligent data mining techniques were used in the design of custom software. A technology that consists of a conceptual model, a continuous improvement procedure on environmentally sustainable bases and SIDecision computer platform, which centralizes management. Interpretations of statistical parameters demonstrate the quality achieved in decision-making regarding risk management for a case study in Cuban territory, after the technology has been implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the main socio-environmental elements that influence the presence of natural and anthropogenic risks, as well as the vulnerability of different geographical areas and social groups of this city, which has been affected repeatedly throughout history by earthquakes and floods. An assessment is given of the deleterious effects resulting from the 1985 and 2017 earthquakes. The main problems are identified, especially as related to housing loss and the processes of depletion and contamination of water bodies that supply the inhabitants of Mexico City. The various forms of participation by public and social institutions are identified as they occurred in the stages of emergency response and reconstruction of affected areas of the city. The objective of this article is to recount the process of construction of social networks to support victims in Mexico City, in particular in the town of San Gregorio Atlapulco, Xochimilco. Aspects examined include participation by the public sector, taking into account the planning tools and public policies of the current government; the contribution of the private sector, ranging from covering basic needs to constructing housing; and the participation of existing social organizations and new organizations that arose in response to the earthquake, in which the work done by young people is particularly notable. In addition, the paper gives a comparative analysis of the effects of the September 1985 and 2018 earthquakes, showing the advances in resource management capacity, specifically of social organizations; and advances in technological, scientific and economic knowledge supporting the reconstruction process in the affected areas in response to emergencies, with particular reference to Mexico City. Among the problems identified there exists a deficiency in updating and application of environmental conservation and urban development programs associated with social vulnerability, and a deficiency in communication with the victims, especially in respect to clarity about the spending of funds allocated to reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the financial crisis that broke out in 2008, new terms to talk about sustainable development started to emerge: the "green" economy and "green" growth. Some countries supported their usage and others did not. The literature witnessed the recrudescence of the debate on the relationship between economic activity and taking care of the environment, divided into three stances: degrowth advocates, "green" growth backers, and the growth-agnostics. This paper dives into the different "green" terms, paying special attention to the case of Argentina. Unlike in previous papers, which have analyzed country interventions in international forums, the methodology here was to search the web pages of the most relevant local players. The most traditional terms ("sustainable development") were strongly predominant, and the concepts of "green" economy or "green" growth were few and far between. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, lots of organizations and important figures from all over the world are joining forces in order to solve environmental problems affecting the planet. Education must also get involved in this. However, solutions need to be clearly defined and conceptualized. This paper discusses the concepts of environmental education (EE), sustainable development (SD) and the so-called environmental education for sustainable development (EEFSD) at educational institutions, particularly universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the trajectories of payment for ecosystem services (PES) from the 1990s to the present, with an emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It is concluded that these trajectories were configuring a strategy for nature conservation within the framework of North-South relations within the international system. It emerged in academic-scientific institutions in the United States, and was subsequently projected at the multilateral level through the Global Millennium Ecosystem Report, published in 2005. In Latin America and the Caribbean, a technical and political discussion developed on the possibility of measuring nature and assigning it an economic value, and cases were implemented that legitimized the PES proposal with external financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of the so-called "Environmental Rule of Law", there is a very interesting feature which takes place directly based on the commitments assumed by judges: the value of human dignity in relation to the care of the environment. In relation to this, the propose of this paper is to demonstrate how in the recent case-law of the Supreme Court of Argentina, which is related to the human right to water and the protection of the hydrological resources, dignity is at the center of interpretive work and it also constitutes a guiding criterion in judicial decisionmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object/context: Natural parks are usually presented as the most important state-led strategy to promote the environmental conservation of a particular area. However, scarce anthropological and political science literature on this topic suggests that natural parks contribute to consolidate state power as well. This article explains how natural parks achieve said goal by studying the declaration and the initial years of the Alto Fragua-Indi Wasi Natural Park (located in Caquetá, Colombia). Methodology: The data for this study was gathered from official documents, historical archives and at least twenty in-depth interviews with state officials and social leaders. Conclusions: The article argues three central points. First, natural parks favor state power because they tend to make population and territories more legible. Second, there are six types of state legibility (convergent, denied, agreed, imposed, stopped and indifferent), which correspond to the historical moment and the social actors that relate to the state. Third, state legibility in the Alto Fragua- Indi Wasi Natural Park increased as the result of a political process characterized by the convergence of state and social interests. Contribution: The article provides conceptual and empirical tools to illustrate how natural parks strengthen the state and make state-society relations more complex. In general terms, this research paper is an invitation to study problems related to the state's environmental and territorial planning from the optic of political science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to highlight the importance of the relationship of knowledge with the environment to place its effects on the educational life of individuals as part of the understanding of thought about the world and ourselves. From this view, the teaching process cannot be conceived above the local realities that produce his own narratives of meaning, which makes education an exploration opportunity around biocultural codes that organize the link between human being and the nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the article 333 of the Colombian Criminal Code, which establishes the crime of environmental contamination by exploitation of mining or hydrocarbon deposits. It analyzes the semantics and scope of this rule, establishing the criminal effects deriving from it. The paper focuses on the challenges that the article poses for the principle of legality, and address some dogmatic problems of it. This paper is part of the results of the research Environmental Criminal Law in the Context of the Company. Problems Surrounding the Crime of Environmental Pollution, supported by Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing not only has multiple benefits at the computer and organizational level, but also supports the care of the environment. This article describes the results of a study conducted in the Information Technology (IT) areas of 13 level II hospitals in Valle del Cauca - Colombia, where in addition to knowing the state of its logical and physical infrastructure, other findings were identified as the bad treatment of WEEE material such as computers or diagnostic machines, paper and plastic. As a case study, the first three phases of a cloud migration model were implemented in the T.I. of the Mario Correa Rengifo Departmental Hospital "ESE", which showed as results the advantages of migrating its services to the cloud minimizing risks, such as the loss of access to information due to the vulnerability of the server's state and connections or deterioration of information stored in physical folders, the use of computer equipment and the reduction of waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an innovative geographical methodology focused in the knowledge of the natural environment in a lacustrine basin. It merges information related to the fieldwork analysis and subaquatic observations together with the study of historical sources. This methodology duality allows providing unpublished data from the lakes bottom and allows contrasting the repercussions that the land usage of the slopes has had on them. The methodology has been applied to the Laguna Conceja, one of the most emblematic from the Lagunas de Ruidera. However, despite of having been the subject research from various scientific perspectives, it is still necessary to know the recent evolution experienced by its surroundings, the status of the vegetation covers located on slopes and banks and the landscape of its bottom. As a result, the morphology of the lacustrine basin, the presence of submerged tuffaceous ledges, the lutitic nature of the bottom sediments, the location of subaquatic springs and the identification of hydrophilic elements not mentioned up to the present have been determined. Finally, the aggressions suffered during the last centuries by the vegetation covers have seldom left any important accumulations of terrigenous that could threaten the filling and the future functionality of the precipitation processes in this tufa lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the historical evolution, physical structure, physiographic and hydrographic conditions where the traditional fishing activity called encañizadas is developed. This activity has been carried out since the 15th century within the five channels that connect the Mar Menor and the Mediterranean Sea. The disturbance generated by tourism in this site derived in the decreasing of this activity reaching its end in 1986 when the last encañizada stopped working. A decade later, that same encañizada is put back into exploitation. Located in an area characterized by a marked tidal dynamics rare in the Mediterranean Sea, it shapes an eco-cultural landscape in which it is impossible to exclude the human imprint. Maintaining a sustainable development model with a fair balance between exploitation and conservation of natural resources has meant reinforcing the cooperation between the owner of the fishing exploitation and the administration responsible for the land conservation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper approaches environmental component from the perspective of the land management, departing from one of the fundamental aims that chases this public function: the management responsible for the natural resources and the protection of the environment. There is analyzed the development of this aim in the legislation on territorial arrangement of the Autonomous Communities, as well as the attention given to the environmental content on the part of the instruments of territorial planning, trying to synthesize a joint perspective of the autonomous scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to highlight the main philosophical and juridical foundations that explain the inclusion of the rights of the nature in several legal systems of Latin America like the one of Ecuador and Bolivia. It tries to explain from a neoconstitutionalist perspective, how the Andean worldview could overcome the anthropocentric conception of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators, restrictions, categories and conflicts of livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations, and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock raising area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock raising depends on the environmental use recommended as principal in eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region; one of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 showed a poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to proper environmental arrangement of livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. In accordance with it, restrictions, indicators, categories and conflicts observed in the sector were determined to make recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential. This study was also useful to set up policies, as well as general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, the relationship between environmental issues and vulnerabilityhas enjoyed much attention from scientific studies. However, the comprehension of this relation isn't a unanimous one. The aim of this research is to identify the differentconceptions about the vulnerability-environment interrelationships and to analyze itsconverging theoretical categories in Brazilian scientific works. For these goals, a systematic review of scientific papers indexed on Capes' "Portaldos Periódicos" was conducted, with no database restrictions. The text data wasanalyzed with the help of software Iramuteq. The conceptions and categoriesconverge into one interrelation of three semantic unities: environment, social and risk, considered under the interactionist and organicist approaches. It has been suggestedthat the multidisciplinary dialog about the subject should be expanded, also that thereis a need for the use of terminologies that can be employed in different fields of knowledge. It is worthwhile to overcome the interactionist and organicist approachesin order to understand the vulnerability of the interrelationshipsbetween people and environment under the transactional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information society is built upon an important technological ground. Its operation requires an IT infrastructure that has been growing during the last decades. In parallel, climate change looms over the future of the planet as a disturbing threat, which demands a social and political response. The widespread perception about technology considers that its environmental impact is scarce. This paper discusses this perception, completing for this purpose a bibliographical review about the negative effects that technological production, consumption and waste produce on the environment in which our societies are developed: this issue has received scant attention to date from the Academe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators restrictions, categories, and conflicts of the livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock activity consists in environmentally recommended use in the main eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region. One of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 were identified as poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. Accordingly, the restrictions, indicators, categories, and conflicts observed in the sector were determined, to be used as recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential, as well as to set up policies, and general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental dimension is linked to the construction of the New Mexico City International Airport, now in the municipality of Texcoco, as part of the State of Mexico. This airport is no longer located in Mexico City, which takes on another meaning in terms of public administration and governance. Environmental is expected to be a process linked to the socio-territorial configuration, and present modification in the first instance at the local level, which will be observable in the course of the building of the airport project. This paper presents research results with data from surveys conducted, fieldwork, data analysis, which allows us to infer the environmental trend in the municipality of Texcoco with the installation of the new international airport as well as the effect on the area of influence more immediate. The significance of this dimension and the opinion of the people can know the possible impact of the largest international airport in Latin America, and according to official version, of the three largest in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper has been constructed a model that includes some environmental issues, associated with the supply chain of bioetanol in Colombia, such as stillage, bagasse and CO2 emissions. Considering that one of the most important issues today for company to be competitive, is the management of the supply chain, withth is one of the fundamental pillars to ensure the promise of value offered to customers. The chainis dynamic in nature, by the complex relation ships between the partner sand the constant flow of information, good sand materials. Therefore, it used the analysis methodology based on system dynamics, that is very useful in addressing complex and systemic problems in the associated external and environmental variables, achieving better understanding and making decisions more accurate. This paper shows, through simulations, that it isnecessary to link environmental management strategies in the bioethanol supply chain to mitigate the environmental impact caused by his waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean acidification is a growing problem that affects global environment. Its effects are detectable now, putting the most extensive water resource on the planet at risk and influencing the climate changes that can be documented across the globe. This paper analyzes the protection of the sea as a measure to ensure a healthy environment for future generations, guaranteeing a better way of life for them. We present the different principles governing bioethics, and we establish their relationship with the processes of sustainable development and the increase of acidification in the ocean, which affects a large number of communities of scarce resources in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low efficiency and profitability of animal production systems in tropical countries, along with the subsequent deterioration of the environment, has compelled the search for systems that maximize the productive and economic efficiency and the natural balance with the environment. For such reason, the objective of this paper is to review the main results of Latin America and the Caribbean with the use of silvopastoral system (SPSs) for milk and beef production and for the control of parasitism in cattle. SPSs offer high edible biomass availability, higher than 30 t DM ha-1year-1, of which the pasture represents 75-90 % and the tree foliage, 10-25 %. The diet shows a CP content of 11-16 % and an IVDMD of 510-630 g kg-1 DM and allows a milk production of 10-12 kg cow-1day-1 and between 3 000 and 16 000 kg ha-1year-1. For beef production, SPSs guarantee a weight gain between 0,42 and 1,10 kg animal-1day-1; while the production per hectare is between 500 and 1 340 kg year-1. In addition, SPSs propitiate the increase of the soil biota which accelerates dung decomposition, reducing gastrointestinal parasitism in the animals and the increase of the fauna associated that regulates the populations of ticks and vector insects. The need to transform degraded pasture systems as well as the crops of cultivated grasses in SPSs is emphasized; thus they improve the nutritional quality and balance of the diet for the animals, the efficiency in milk and beef production per hectare is optimized and a contribution is made to the control of parasite diseases in the herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper holds a reflection on the role played by advertising speech in today's society, taking as a reference some of the ideas that have been discussed regarding the Good Living and questioning also, from a theoretical and critical perspective, the way mankind is related with nature. The phenomenon of consumerism is questioned founding a debate about the responsibility of citizens, who ought to be aware of the risks of certain attitudes and actions for the whole natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish environmental taxes have been developed by Regions, in a prominent place to avoid waters pollution. From that point of view, the aim of this paper is to analyse the current environmental regional taxation legislation about water landfill taxes. To this end, we will examine, firstly, characteristic features of environmental regional taxation, focusing, then, in specific water landfill taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the causes of the alienation of youth for environmental, in a District Educational Institution, from the perspective of approaches Science, Technology, Society and Environment CTSA, Questions social scientific CSC, as well as the impact of School Projects Environmental. This analysis was conducted from a sample of data obtained through non-participant observation grids, applied to students. The research is part of a broader Group Project Teaching and Learning of Physics of the University Francisco José de Caldas, and is emerging as a qualitative research due to the characteristics of the variables to be analyzed (demonstrations, attitudes) without analyzing the data statistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We can usually use as synonymous Heritage Education and Environmental Education regarding to environmental and natural issues with a conservationist purpose. As a consequence, this paper tries to set a concept for each other. For that, it is necessary to set other associated concepts such as environmental concept, landscape, heritage and its typologies, environmental heritage and heritage education. All this theoretical justification let us reflecting about the real importance of this topic which is not the conceptual settlement, this is relative and complex, in fact, but rather on the approach to be granted in both terms for science education more meaningful. In this sense, there are several links and elements between both and their various teaching approaches favor a different perspective science education. Finally, a symbolic-identity perspective as a reference approach to science teaching is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]