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Copyright of Iberoamerican Journal of Industrial Engineering is the property of Iberoamerican Journal of Industrial Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper the process of improving the malting of sorghum UDG-110 is studied in the manufacture of beverages for celiac patients with adding chemicals in order to improve the malt diastatic power. The study was extended to the analysis of variables that most influence have in it, as the addition of a chemical reagent and the soaking time in levels of 0.1 and 0.4% w/w of 12 and 36 h respectively, keeping fixed the germination time in 72 h in a first study and continue delimiting the variables in a second and third analysis to determine the best conditions in the process of malting grain. In the last analysis, the variables were NaOH concentration in low levels of 0.01 to 0.05% w/w and soaking time at 12 and 36 hours, keeping fixed the germination time but in 54 h. Factorial design experiments central composite rotary 2k with central points was applied determining the moisture percent that was achieved in the soaking, germination percent, extract content, losses of malting and diastatic power as responses variables. The results indicate that the addition of a chemical agent in the soaking improves the malting process of the sorghum UDG-110, but at concentrations of 0.03% within the ranges utilized through the study of 0.01-0.5%, soaking time of 24 h and germination time of 60 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the mathematical modeling and simulation of the automatic control of the quintuple effect of evaporation of a sugar mill "El Palmar" in Venezuela is made. The multiple effect consist of 5 evaporators Robert type, with equal characteristics, connected in series. Starting from the desired operating conditions and control requirements: level in each evaporator vessel, cane syrup concentration and pressure in the fifth evaporator vessel using mass balances, balance on solids for each evaporator and energy to the barometric condenser is present at the output of the fifth vessel, the nonlinear model of the process is obtained, resulting in a system of multiple inputs and multiple outputs, with strong interactions between variables. In the design of the system of the automatic process control, we are interested in maintaining the variables that characterize the performance of it and they are regulated in an operating point; we proceed to linearize the model around an equilibrium point, resulting in a new model in terms of the variables variations around an environment from that point. Then, it is processed the model obtained in terms of input and output relations, based on the characterization of it in terms of variables and transfer relationships in the complex frequency domain. Finally, the evaporation process is simulated, establishing the adequacy of the model to the real process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates different types of groundwater exploitation systems used in coastal areas and in small islands where seawater intrusión can occur. In many cases using open trenches for groundwater supply inconveniences appear because of seawater penetration associated with hurricanes. Pumping wells should not be used even shallow ones because of intrusion cones. It is also recommended to substitute open trenches by horizontal drains with control systems for levels and water quality in the collectors from where water would be pumped as if they were storage deposits. This also decreases evaporation losses, environmental drawbacks and contamination from drag of solids as well as reduces the possibilities of seawater penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microencapsulation of peptides and proteins has recently become a relevant alternative to develop novel drug-delivery systems. Among techniques designed to microencapsulate substances of different nature, the interfacial polymerization, spray-drying and solvent evaporation techniques are those most widely studied for encapsulation of biomolecules. The double emulsion/solvent evaporation procedure is most commonly applied for this kind of product that is available in the market. On the other hand, this method of protein encapsulation is a rather complex process, involving several factors that determine the properties of the final product and the stability of the encapsulated molecule. In this paper, we offer an updated overview on the use of microspheres as systems for the controlled release of proteins and peptides, the main techniques used for microencapsulation of such biomolecules, and the parameters considered for characterizing the microspheres and the encapsulated protein. Experimental conditions influencing their stability during the double emulsion/solvent evaporation microencapsulation procedures, and strategies used to preserve and stabilize the physicochemical and biological properties of the encapsulated proteins are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They are reported the yields of the different solar dryers tested for coffee dry, and they are explained the observed differences starting from the kinetic information contents in the first part of the present paper. It is accomplished, furthermore, an energetic and economic analysis of the process in the different evaluated technological options. To validate the solar technological proposals are compared the economic results of the dry in these installations with those obtained in the conventional dryers named "Guardiola". The energetic requirements of the coffee dry were estimated by thermodynamic and kinetic procedures. The results obtained by one and another route are different, what can be determined by differences in the dry mechanisms of the process in each one of the used experimental methods. The calculations demonstrate a significative difference between the obtained yields for solar dry of coffee in the dryers here identified with the names "Secador Solar Multipropósito" and "Secador Solar de Tambor Rotatorio". Independently of the above referred differences it is demonstrated that both solar installations are overdimensioned from the energetic point of view. The costs of the coffee dry process follow the sequence (for the tested technologies approaches): SSM and SSTR dryers > conventional drier "Guardiola" dry process carried on blackened floor. An integral analysis that involves kinetic, energetic and economic considerations permits to propose a general strategy for the extended use of the solar technologies to dry coffe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)