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The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative sociolinguistic analysis of intervocalic obstruent consonant /d/ variation in urban Granada and Malaga (Spain). To do so, two perfectly comparable spoken corpuses gathered in the frame of the PrESEEa-Project were used. Given that /d/ deletion is quite frequent in southern varieties of Castilian Spanish, our analysis zoomed in on consonant deletion vs. maintenance regardless of the differences of intensity or tension perceptible in maintained consonantal variants. Prior to the comparative analysis itself, an exhaustive bivariate analysis was performed considering both linguistic and speaker (stylistic and social) variables, as well as their respective interaction. Therefore, we carried out two multivariate comparative analyses, the first one involving separate parallel analyses of data from both corpuses and the second one being an integrated analysis of the whole data. Results were amazingly similar for both towns and tend to confirm those obtained for other areas both in Spain and America, basically regarding the fundamental weight of internal factors on /d/ variation (i.e. consonant maintenance in word-roots vs. deletion in morphemes). However, they contradict most of previous results with regard to the effect of the speaker variables (i.e. younger speakers' leadership on /d/ deletion). Finally, conflict sites reveal sharper social stratification and age differences in Malaga than in Granada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the singular or plural agreement between Spanish verb haber with existential meaning and its plural argument, in 108 interviews collected in Mexico City as a part of a sociolinguistic corpus structured by age, gender and educational level. All relevant data (633) are considered. For the analysis, the proposed methodology in the "Project for the sociolinguistic study of Spanish from Spain and from America (PrESEEa)" is followed, using a wide range of linguistic and social variables. The results are subjected to rigorous statistical analysis and compared with those obtained in other studies. The singular/plural alternative has received considerable attention in the field of study of linguistic variation in Spanish. Mexico City Spanish is grouped with other conservative areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide a proposal study based on modality in utterances and its relationship between them and evidentiality, as a linguistic resource, because there are some markers (evidentials) in touristic texts, which coding the knowledge resource and the point of view. This study has a corpus based in 50 tourist texts published in El País website (between 2013-2014). We analyze the author's linguistic resources to show the way he gets the information appeared in the utterance, in order to persuade and inform the reader, through epistemic modality. Furthermore, it is a specialized language, Spanish for tourism, which has a lower degree of specialization than other specialized languages, making further interesting the study of evidentials as a modality linguistic resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collocation research on teaching the subject of Spanish as a first language has been practically ignored, in contrast with the attention paid to the Spanish as a second language. This paper presents a first approach to the collocations teaching directed to the native speakers starting on a experience with students in the first year of Compulsory Secondary Education. After reviewing the concept of collocation, we present the type of collocations with higher didactic performance and the reasons for its choice, as well as the more suitable teaching and learning metodology, where the inference role is mainly in developing lexical skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to bring to light, unravel and interpret some of the ideas of Rudolf Lenz (1920) concerning verbal categorization in historiographical perspective. As a starting point, we examine Lenz's position with regard to the sentence as a fundamental linguistic unit and as a framework in which the relationships between its components take place. The work subsequently focuses on verbal categories (parts of speech or word classes) and analyzes in an interpretative and critical perspective the three alternative and complementary systems of verbal categories proposed by Lenz applying alternative defining criteria: formal, logico-semantical and functional, the latter being prioritary for Lenz. Finally, it presents a summary of the three systems of Lenz confronted with each other and with the system of ten parts of speech in traditional grammar, and it assesses Lenz's significant contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to sketch a critical reading of several texts by the German linguist who settled in Chile in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Rodolfo Lenz, focusing on the way in which he worked on the settlement in Chile of the means and ends of philological research as modern linguistics had come to conceive them at the time. Thus, it shall be attempted to account for how the work of Lenz in order to give form to a proper space and audience for this discipline, the construction of an object based on the Spanish spoken in Chile, the Mapuche language in contact with it, foreign European languages and traditional narratives point to the political task of contributing to the affirmation of Chilean Spanish as a modern national language provided with all the elements that the device of modern language sciences envisaged for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates possible communicative effects caused by transfer from Swedish into L2 Spanish of prosodic patterns manifested in rising boundary tones, as occurring in the speech act of "requests". More specifically it studies whether there is any difference between transactional (+/- request for information) and interpersonal values (+/- value of friendliness) perceived in boundary tones produced in EL1, EL2 and SL1, depending on whether the evaluator is Spanish, Chilean or Swedish respectively. It also discusses whether these differences affect the valuation of the utterance in a way that may interfere with communication. The results show that the realisation of the rising boundary tones is the feature that mostly contributes to the foreign accent of Spanish spoken by Swedes. The results also show that the intersubjective value associated with a rising boundary tone is negatively affected when the intonational features of L2 Spanish do not match those of Spanish L1. Different discursive preferences in the Spanish and Swedish L1 are proposed as explanations to these results. The study finally suggests that teachers of Spanish as L2 pay attention to supra-segmental features that carry important pragmatic values, since the acquisition of these patterns can be of relevance for successful interaction with native speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I study exocentricity and its common issues in linguistic morphology; likewise I propose a metonymic analysis as an alternative to exocentricity. Exocentricity is a contradictory concept and in its definition, structural and semantic concepts are mixed. Various types of compounds (sacacorchos, cara dura, puntapié) are considered exocentric without the criteria taken into account were clearly defined. Because of this, it has been considered a heterogeneous and even anomalous category (Benveniste, 1977; Bauer, 2008; Scalise and Guevara, 2006). Instead, this research proposes a metonymic analysis, based on the phenomenon of "reference point" (Langacker, 1999). This concept is, I argue, more explanatory and has greater cognitive relevance for speakers. In addition, a metonymic analysis classifies external relation in compound words convincingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the central role played by Argentinian modernista writer Enrique Rodriguez Larreta in the vindication of the Castilian cultural heritage in early 20thcentury Argentina. As part of the wave of hispanophile sentiment produced by the Spanish-American War and the debates on identity linked to the celebration of Argentina's Independence Centenary, Larreta aims to create a new Argentinian identity of Castilian filiation based on the Spanish cultural heritage epitomized by Golden Age. This profoundly conservative aesthetic project finds expression in his successful historic novel La gloria de don Ramiro, conceived as an archaist textual simulacrum that reconstructs the historical reality of Phillip II's reign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to throw some light on a chapter not too studied in the history of Spanish Phonetics, the miscellaneous works from the 18th century, through the personality of Juan Antonio González de Valdés and his Ortopeia Universal (1785). We pursue three objectives: (i) place this text in the Spanish orthoepist tradition, (ii) discuss the beginning of a new kind of works in Spain that combines orthoepic data of particular languages with notions of general Phonetics, and (iii) analyze the connections between the Ortopeia and samples of other European traditions, specifically De Brosses' Traité de la formation méchanique des langues (1765). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project seeks to highlight certain basic problems that the use of specific terminology may create in the provision and understanding of information in the Mental Health ambit. The paper has been divided into two parts. The first one presents different theoretical basis from which some linguistic difficulties may arise. The subsequent section extrapolates these issues to an interlinguistic scenario in order to formulate proposals that may be useful to solve them through translation processes. The final goals of this project are i) to raise awareness among readers of the positive and negative impact that language may have on those persons suffering mental disorders and ii) to provide the basis for more accurate translations that may result in a more fluent and effective communication among patients and healthcare services, either in monolingual or interlinguistic communicative environments where English and Spanish are the languages involved. In addition, we will suggest extending some of these guidelines to closely-related disciplines such as interpreting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse labels are anaphoric noun phrases with an abstract head noun which encapsulate the meaning of a previous or subsequent discourse segment. This cohesive device has received many names in the literature, which generally correspond to slightly different conceptions of the phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to identify the features that distinguish discourse labels from the rest of referential cohesive devices, specially, from superordinates, which share some of its semantic features. In order to do this, the main contributions from the literature are examined and confronted with the analysis of examples from a corpus of newspaper editorials. The analysis leads to a proposal to extend the classification of referential cohesive devices, which takes into account not only reiteration but also encapsulation devices and considers discourse labeling as an independent and distinct cohesive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the functions of the discourse marker en efecto. The main aim is to prove the hypothesis of frequently en efecto, works either as a modal marker or as a connective of confirmation, that is, it acts of a different way spite of sharing the same core meaning. However, this point is obscure in the literature, in which even it is mixed examples of other functions less frequent in the explanations. With the aim of proving this proposal, I have analyzed several traits of each distinguished function on the basis of corpus data. Therefore, we raise the study of corpus from a polifunctional point of view (paradigmatic and syntagmatic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately over the past ten years, the RAE and its associated Academies have published several works committed explicitly to a pluricentric vision of Hispanic language culture. This paper aims at examining the impact of pluricentrism -- a key concept in terms of current language policy -- on the conceptualization of linguistic variation and, consequently, the treatment of empirical data. In doing so, the focus will be on the Nueva gramática de la lengua española (from here "NGLE"), where this problematic interrelation is reflected in an especially complex way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the Compendio de nombres en lengua cakchiquel of Pantaleón de Guzmán, work that shows the linguistic task realized by the missionaries in the New World. The evangelism of the conquered lands caused the need to learn the indigenous languages and, therefore, the composition of dictionaries and grammars that could help the conversion of Indians. One of these works was Pantaleón de Guzmán's Compendio, subjects catalogued by scopes, facing the problems that cause the differences between Spanish and Cakchiquel and that shows in its pages a great lexical richness. In short, an interesting contribution to the missionary history of Linguistics and Lexicography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I interpret new gender identities produced in recent discourses, such as statements by members of the Occupy Movement in Spain (15M), or commentaries that have appeared in the sports media. In some cases, I explore identities emerging from the willingness of speakers who bet on the performative ability of language to subvert reality. In other instances, identities are the unconscious manifestations of new subjectivities which inscribe gender in their discourses in an unusual creative way. I specifically analyse three ways to inscribe the T in language: the universal feminine; the asterisk and the X used by the intersex community; and the appropriation of the masculine grammatical gender by some women as a professional mark. After describing the identities constructed by the three linguistic phenomena, I examine the relevance of these phenomena to the material conditions of social gender and in the (unstable) structure of grammatical gender in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the use of unaccented pronouns in accusative and dative function in the narrative production of three groups of students monolingual in Spanish: (a) rural Mapuche, (b) rural non-Mapuche and (c) urban. Our assumption is that the use of clitics is different according to the situation of contact between languages. In this context, we establish three types of uses: "standard use", "rural use" and "ethnical use". The Mapuche group uses the pronouns in different forms from the other two groups. This difference is discussed in the frame of contemporary contact linguistic and functional and typological linguistic. This approach allows us to attribute this uses to indirect transfer porduced by the intense and historical contact between the Mapudungun and Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper we tackle the topic of the knowledge of Mexican Spanish vocabulary through several types of dictionaries registering it. We make an historical overview recalling the impact of Spanish on the autochthonous people, as well as some remarks on the influence of the Castillian norm, as the leading norm, on Mexican Spanish. We also offer points of analysis for the knowledge of the privative and we analyze the theoretical tendencies of actual lexicography in registering Mexican Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diachronic research has often made use of metalinguistic remarks made by "prestigious" speakers as a way to reconstruct past stages of a given language. The question arises as to what point these remarks can be considered objective. This issue is addressed here by paying attention to the time span between 1940 and 1960 and to Emilio Lorenzo's remarks about the evolution of Sp. o sea. Lorenzo's intuitions can be (dis)confirmed by checking them against the rae CORDE corpus. Building on the conclusions extracted from o sea, the last part of this paper establishes some methodological remarks regarding the diachronic study of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of no obstante ('notwithstanding') has been affected by some theoretical preconceptions, which have influenced both the explanation of its emergence as a grammatical device in Castilian language and its description in contemporary Spanish. These misguided descriptions have been motivated by the use of our current grammatical intuition, which considers no obstante the result of a Latin heritage. The entailment to Latin has supported, also, the description of no obstante + NP as an absolute construction. Moreover, the influence of the Theory of Grammaticalization, which usually does not pay much attention to the textual conditions of grammatical forms production, has favoured the neglect of textual contexts that give rise to the Castilian discourse marker no obstante. In this paper, we try to demonstrate that, in the sequences no obstante + NP and no obstante que, no obstante has been reanalyzed as being only a grammatical element with a prepositional function. Further, we deal with the evidence that, in spite of its Latin form, no obstante was introduced into Castilian language via Catalan or Aragonese languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new framework for the grammaticalization of the Old Spanish manner adverb sí so / yes' as a positive polarity item. My proposal is that Old Spanish and Modern Spanish display different syntactic structures to convey positive polarity; in Old Spanish it involves not only the adverb sí, but it is related to verb movement, focus, clitic placement, VP-ellipsis and the properties of the Po/(arity) Head. I claim that the restructuring of the Left Periphery in Renaissance Spanish set the scenario for the reanalysis of sí as a polarity item and led to the emergence of previously unknown syntactic structures related to the expression of positive polarity, such as sí que or bare sí. Since the strong or weak features of the Pol Head is what regulates whether sí was a polarity item or not, strong features of Pol appear to be the underlying factor which determines the syntactic properties of positive polarity in Old Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compile and analyse the most frequent anglicisms in the lexicon used in sports activities offered by Spanish gyms. This domain remains unexplored in the research of the phenomenon of anglicisms in the Spanish language, since the published literature has focused so far on the lexicon of other sports such as football (Fernández 1971; Alonso 1996; Rodríguez González 2012). We have studied a sample of 268 anglicisms taken from the brochures and websites of 15 gyms. Our analysis is not only quantitative but also describes different pragmatic functions of the anglicisms found in the data. This allows us to draw significant conclusions about the evolution of anglicisms as a sociolinguistic and cultural phenomenon in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some Castilian grammars intended for use in secondary school are published in the decade of1850. These grammars must be understood in relation with those used in primary school. They participate in the consolidation of national subjectivities (thanks to the spread of the common language), in social disciplining (determining the standard to be met by the practice) and in the reproduction of social structures (educating the members of the elite). The present paper refers to the subject of syntax in four texts published respectively in Buenos Aires, Santiago, Guanajuato and Madrid. We consider the units established in the grammars, the treatment of figures and the analysis they propose in exercises or in recapitulating illustrations. The study allows us to appreciate the guidance offered by grammars but also the different perspectives on grammatical knowledge, on its function in secondary school and on the subject who attends school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a controversy about the inclusion of the Guaraní language in the bilingual education system of Paraguay. The controversy is the result of the country's complex sociolinguistic reality: Guaraní is an official language and an important emblem of national identity, but also a language of inferior status to Spanish, which is known as a situation of "diglossia". Moreover the speakers have negative attitudes towards their own speech practices, characterized by phenomena of convergence and mixing. This, some scholars identified as a "second order diglossia" between everyday discourse and the speech community's ideological construction of "real" Guaraní. In a controversial measure, government language planners have accredited a "hybrid" Guaraní version that would allow language borrowings from Spanish to remedy this situation and to facilitate the teaching of Guaraní, bringing the official version closer to everyday speech. This measure caused a heated debate about the version of Guaraní that should be used in education. The debate will be used here to explore the dominant language ideologies in the country that are responsible for the difficulties in bilingual education and for the ambiguities in the use of and attitudes towards Guaraní. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the interdependence between semantics and pragmatics by analyzing two morphological phenomena of Spanish, one derivative ?the creation of deverbal nouns meaning ?action of 'x'? and the other inflective ?the use of future subjunctive in conditional si clauses (protasis)?. The results will show that the selection of the forms generated by these morphological processes is not entirely independent of certain pragmatic aspects, such as the use of particular language varieties (i.e., register), certain text types or the general configuration of the speech event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Caribbean Islands were conquered, there began a time of contact between the Spanish language and consolidated native languages, which would result in the linguistic settlement in the American continent. This paper focuses on the analysis of a selection of works dating between 1518 and 1559, and which have been selected on the basis of the following variables: the author's level of experience in the Indies and the use of communicative strategies in each document. This study is centred on analyzing quantitatively the words included in the chronicles, the tendencies observed, and their interpretation. The resulting textual types show a direct relationship with both the addition of indigenous neologisms and the authors' field of knowledge, through which they filter their personal experience and add the new words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will make an approximation to the presence of words that come from the English language studying the Extremenian town of Mérida (Badajoz). To do this, from the implementation of the questionnaire for the study of the educated norm (Lope Blanch, 1972) and using as lexical base semantic fields of "the clothes", "the social life and entertainment" and the concepts of the theatre, the press, the film and the television (I have included also a subject area of internet), I will make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a corpus composed of 25000 words. In the corpus, I include the use of foreign voices and also the presence of Spanish versions to describe some terms of English origin. With this research, I intend to observe the spread of anglicisms in the locality and I want to also check how semantic fields are foreign terms and why the presence of these voices in the current spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer the translation from latin to spanish of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's letter to his friend Andrea Corneo from Urbino with introduction and notes. In this text, Pico presents his points of view about one of the most important problems along the fifteenth century: the choice between active and contemplative life. In addition, the letter enter upon the so-called "incident of Arezzo", a confusing episode in which the young count kidnapped Giuliano Mariotto de' Medici's wife. Along the text, Pico reveals himself as classical latin authors's imitator, among others, Seneca, Horace, Gellius, Plautus, Terence and specially Cicero [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far the study of the first Latin American lexicography after it's independence from Spain has neglected the close relationship between the first dictionaries, referred as "provincialism dictionaries", and the socio-historical context in which they were elaborated. The process of nation-building, especially in relation to the creation of a state policy and its impact in Latin American societies, is an element that makes clear the nature of the works in question, so that we can talk about a decisive political imprint on them. This paper proposes a renewed study of the foundational works of Spanish American lexicography from this perspective and exemplified with reading and comparison of the two most representative dictionaries, the Zorobabel Rodríguez's Diccionario de chilenismos (1875) and the Juan de Arona's Diccionario de peruanismos. Ensayo filológico (1883-1884), especially in relation to the notion of republicanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphic or scriptural environment of Cameroon is experiencing a process of hispanization through Spanish words and expressions. These imported words name spaces, structures and institutions. It seems that the authors of that practice do escape from the heavy socioeconomic reality they are faced with since the decade of ninety. The evasion consists of several ways. It is spatial when foreign toponyms are transposed into Cameroon context and temporal when glorious and idyllic moments of the past are brought into mind. However, escapism can be carried out through rewarding adjectives or the designation of purely positive realities. Consequently, Cameroonians use symbolic concepts like goodness, friendship, divinity, etc. in order to, according to dream or visceral wish, make positive their daily life and get out of the generalized crisis. The aim of this paper consists in analyzing that phenomenon on the basis of collected data from Cameroon towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides and explains a data sheet to analyse the attenuation from a sociolinguistic and pragmatic point of view. The theoretical and methodological basis are established to create a common project to study the attenuation in the different varieties of Spanish and Portuguese (ES.POR.ATENUACION). The data sheet results from preliminary research based on a discursive corpus analysis and it proposes solutions for problems the analyst may face when recognising attenuation devices, especially those that come from situational factors. This present project aims at achieving homogeneity among the researchers in the pragmatic attenuation analysis, both qualitative and quantitative. Once particular analysis are carried out, we will focus on comparative and contrastive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional analytic approaches establish a strong connection between discourse markers (DMs) and a number of prosodic cues regularly associated to them (especially pauses and strong variations in pitch), mainly on the sole basis of DMs being prescriptively written with a comma or (semi)colon placed after them. Within theories based on discourse units, minimal discourse units tend to be identified on the basis of prosodic criteria and, therefore, DMs are considered independent, minimal discourse units. This paper, however, puts this tight relationship into question by presenting a prosodic and discursive analysis of eleven discourse markers extracted from a Spanish spontaneous corpus (Val. Es.Co 2.0 Corpus, online version). Data show two main conclusions: first, that a discourse marker is, indeed, a minimal discourse unit; secondly, however, that the relationship between discourse markers and prosodic cues is neither as frequent nor as straightforward as it had been expected initially; therefore, a reconsideration of the criteria used to delimit minor discourse units needs to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, succession documents translation is one of the most frequent translation briefs. This matter takes on particular importance in countries with a high immigration rate, and that is the case of Spain: as a consequence of immigration of English-speaking people, many legal and sworn (English<>Spanish) translations of testamentary instruments are carried out. In order to achieve this, the knowledge of textual and structural features of legal and family documents in general, and in succession documents in particular becomes essential. This paper reports on the findings of one study whose purpose was to analyse the macrostructure of succession instruments. Our research corpus consists of 90 wills in electronic format: 30 Spanish, 30 for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 30 Scottish. Our analysis results show striking differences in the macrostructure (and grammar) of the legal genre analysed in the legal systems aforementioned. We suggest that the knowledge of macrostructural differences of a complex text genre such as the will contributes to carrying out its bi-directional translation: not only with direct directionality (English-Spanish) but also with reverse directionality (Spanish-English), highly demanded in the current professional market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]