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This paper examines the relatively few instances of gas municipalization in what is termed Latin Europe, focusing on Spain, Portugal, and France. The aim is to analyze why there were fewer cases compared to other European countries. The paper will investigate the instances that did occur in Latin Europe, exploring the reasons and circumstances (economic, social, institutional, etc.) behind them. A comparative historical approach will be applied, utilizing not only existing literature but also primary sources for certain case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the spread of gas in Latin Europe shortly before the First World War. It utilizes the "Annuaire général de l'industrie de l'éclairage et du chauffage par le gaz" from the year 1910 as its primary source, which provides details on the locations in various European countries, including those that make up Latin Europe (France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal), that had access to gas. The study examines regional contrasts in the network's expansion, categorizing the localities with gas access by population size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]