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Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of 48 cases and the risk factors associated with mortality. Study Design: Transversal, descriptive, between January 2009 and March 2010. Materials y Methods: Two groups were compared for the descriptive analysis: group 1; patients who passed away, group 2, patients who survived. The selected variables were: Age, sex, cough characteristics, vaccination history, leukocytosis, X-ray, antimicrobial treatment and mortality. The statistic significance was evaluated by Student T test, Pearson Χ² test and Fisher's Exact Test. Results of p <.05 were considered significant. Results: Positive samples to patients in 18 cases (38%), positive samples to relatives in 5 cases (10%). Positive samples group 1; 7 cases (100%), positive samples group 2, 11 cases (61%). Apneas: group 1; 7 cases, group 2: 5 cases; 42% when p = 0.001 (significant). Pneumonias: group 1; 7 cases, group 2; 25 cases, when p= 0.0001 (significant). Starting leucocytes (average) group1; 74,457 mm3. Group 2 51,667 mm3, p = 0.0177. Leukocytosis on day 4; group 1 80,014. Group 2 20,428 mm3, when p = 0.0001. Mortality 15%. Conclusions: Presence of apnea, leukocytosis and pneumonia can be considered as a risk factor considering they were significantly higher in G1 in comparison to G2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To know the local epidemiology of the lower respiratory tract infections by viruses in children under two. Material and Methods: A prospective, transversal, observational and descriptive study was designed, which included years under two. They had lower tract infection between September 15, 2008 and July 15, 2009 demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence. Results will be presented in a statistical descriptive manner, conveniently displayed in charts and graphs. Results: 164 samples were sent to the Sonora's State Public Health Laboratory, from which two were rejected because of inappropriate identification, hence 161 samples were included. In 71 samples the viral agent was properly identified, 87% were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); Influenza A 8.4%; adenovirus 2.5%; parainfluenza virus 1.3%. From 62 infected patients with RSV, 42 (74.2%) were infants under 6 months, this increased up to 95% at the end of the year. Clinical presentation of RSV infection was pneumonia, followed by bronchiolitis and pertussis like syndrome. Conclusions: knowledge of local epidemiological data, will allow us to use antibiotics judiciously, and to design studies that evaluate novel therapies in patients with severe evolution, allowing us to improve patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whooping cough is a term used to include those patients with a clinical picture indistinguishable for whopping cough, in addition to not identifying the presence of Bordetella pertussis or parapertussis. The agents involved may include viruses and bacteria, among which H. influenzae, Moraxella catarralis, M. pneumoniae, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza 1-4, syncitial respiratory virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus stand out. Clinically there are three periods in the evolution of the disease. Catarrhal period: last a few days to 2 weeks, may manifest clinically as an infection of the respiratory tract with runny nose, watery eyes, moderate dry cough occurs. Afterwards increased cough and its severity and the presence of paroxysms start entering in the next period. Paroxysmal period: last 2 to 6 weeks and is characterized by 5 to 10 episodes of coughing forced inspiratory phase, with stridor at the end of paroxysm (phlegm), often accompanied by vomiting, cyanosis and apnea (young infant). In the Convalescence period duration is 2 weeks, symptoms gradually decrease in severity and frequency. Etiologic diagnosis can be established by culture (Bordet-Gengou or Regan-Lowe modified) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by serology in the acute phase and convalescence, by immunofluorescence, and may suspected in CBC findings. We propose a diagnosis algorithm to unify criteria in our institution, avoid underdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]