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Budget transfers to the Cuban business sector increased significantly in the last 15 years, reaching 25% of GDP in 2018. This increase was fundamentally a consequence of a strategy oriented to mitigate the effects of the overvaluation of the official exchange rate on the business sector, particularly on exportable products and import substitutes. The objective of this research is to characterize this subsidy scheme. The results suggest that the transfers allowed firms to cover at least part of their productive inefficiency, in part because of the design of the scheme was based on accounting criteria that limited incentives towards cost minimization. The main implication of the paper is that a relative price correction itself, such as, for example, that associated with "ordenamiento monetario", would not be sufficient to promote aggregate productivity gains; on the contrary, it would have to be complemented with institutional and structural policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A logical and historical analysis about the evolution of the accommodation industry and the interrelation between its forms of property and managementis carried out in this paper, based on the dialectical and materialistic approach and using as foundation a bibliographic research which identifies the modes of entrance of the international hotel industry, in its expansion as development strategic options for the hotel industry of the recipient countries. We got to the conclusion that the technology of the hotel chains in its international expansion through management modes remains protected, despite the barriers which slow down its spreading in the recipient countries. All this damages the development of the national hotel groups. Finally, some alternatives allowing to revert this situation in favor of endogenous development of the national hotel industries, are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts from the premise that a business management from a gender perspective would contribute to a balanced relationship between men and women in all political, economic and social fields, from the empowerment and economic autonomy of women, the less favored group. In this paper we try to give a brief scene on the gender theme and its relation to business management, as well as to point out some elements about the opportunities and challenges of the Cuban business system for the inclusion of gender perspective into the enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper offers the first results of a research on entrepreneurial management's innovation and practices, carried out in a group of enterprises in Cuba's capital city having satisfactory results in their innovation management in the last years. The paper includes some basic ideas on innovation; an explanation of the approach that Cuba follows at present aimed at evaluating innovation's management; an analysis of the leading results achieved in studied enterprises, and an assessment on certain practices considered indicative for innovation. Finally, some suggestions are presented in order to improve the enterprise's performance as to its management and its relationship with the other areas involved in the management results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of knowledge resulting from the fast-paced advance of science, and its use as a commodity, has given rise to the so-called «knowledge economy», and, consequently, to the emergence of high tech companies. The present paper provides some concepts and proposals, regarding the structure the economic management model of this kind of enterprises in Cuba should. The suggested model is aimed at guaranteeing key. Likewise, the paper also presents the feasibility of implementing this type of companies following existing circumstances and regulations in our economy, and regarding established guidelines as part of updating process of cuban economic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety-five percent of all enterprises in Peru are micro enterprises which create jobs for half the working population (48 %). Their disappearance causes the country a number of social and economic problems. This paper is aimed at identifying factors in death rate of micro enterprises in Peru, with the perspective of their managers being taken into consideration, and examining the main reasons why such enterprises die, so guidelines for promoting their growth and development can be laid down. Major factors therein are as follows: advertising campaigns are lacking, the economic situation of the country, lots of rival companies located nearby, lack of a business plan and effective control mechanisms, and difficulty finding good workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the efficiency of commercial negotiators from the determination of the elements that characterize their profiles is a useful tool for elaborating actions plans that contribute to the improvement of the Cuban enterprises' negotiating activity. A procedure for determining technical efficiency of commercial negotiators in Cuban enterprises is presented in this paper, by the use of a nonparametric technique of data enveloping analysis (DEA). The use of this procedure in Cuban enterprises linked to foreign commerce activity allowed determining technical efficiency indexes of commercial negotiators from these entities as well as identifying elements that determine this efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measures and transformations highly influential in the business functioning system have been taken in Cuba, as part of the "updating of the economic model". The boost and relaxation given to the private sector and the consolidation of a non-state sector in general, as well as the possibility of hiring working force in this sector, constitutes one of the most transcendent aspects of the present reform. Some of the implications of this new scene for the business system as a whole were assessed in this paper, by highlighting contradictions already present and which could be aggravated if a regulatory and coherent institutional structure is not created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evidences the result of studying the role of the intellectual capital in the sustainable development of organizations, as well as the diagnosis about the management of the intangible assets in the Cubans companies, where 210 Havana's companies were used as samples. The present paper suggests a model for the measurement of the efficiency of intangibles's management, adapted to the conditions of Cuban economy. For the determination of intangible inductive variables of value in our context, a research with 210 businessmen of all the country was carried out. The feasibility and pertinence of proposed mode is evaluated through its application to a Cuban metallurgic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer service, its design and its logistic component are poorly comprehended and wasted in Cuban enterprises' present activities. Though most of them take into account the relationship between logistics and customer service, such relationship is only regarded as a support to the service, and not as an important way to increase the efficiency and competitiveness levels. This paper aims at introducing a procedure for customer service logistic design in the service industry, such procedure has been applied in different companies, and such has made possible to confirm its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]