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The paper presents a case study of a hydroelectric facility with water depletion problems. The objective was to evaluate the use of the available hydro-energy potential by applying an integrating methodology contributing to the improvement of energy efficiency and the use of water resources in the process of transforming hydraulic energy into electricity. The results demonstrate the existence of overconsumption of available water and oversizing of the mechanical transmission, both of which constitute operating problems. The solution to the problem, although simple, provided a methodology that integrates knowledge of fluid dynamics, hydraulic turbines, electrical machines and machine elements. The analyzed problem constitutes an integrating exercise for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in the area of Hydroenergy and the rational use of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a case study of a hydroelectric facility with water depletion problems. The objective was to evaluate the use of the available hydro‐energy potential by applying an integrating methodology contributing to the improvement of energy efficiency and the use of water resources in the process of transforming hydraulic energy into electricity. The results demonstrate the existence of overconsumption of available water and oversizing of the mechanical transmission, both of which constitute operating problems. The solution to the problem, although simple, provided a methodology that integrates knowledge of fluid dynamics, hydraulic turbines, electrical machines and machine elements. The analyzed problem constitutes an integrating exercise for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in the area of Hydro energy and the rational use of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, due to the need to measure the flows that circulate through small and large diameter conductors and given the momentary impossibility of acquiring high-tech solutions in international markets, these solutions have begun to be implemented as a provisional alternative variant to carry out these measurements. This paper is a summary of the main aspects that must be kept in mind when undertaking the design and construction of a proportional flowmeter, emphasizing the potentialities and weaknesses of each of the solutions that can be implemented for such purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of the upwelling of tropical cyclones Iván (2004) and Gustav (2008), both associated with coastal flooding in the area. The Delft3D-FLOW model was applied in order to determine its influence on the total sea surges that occurred. Graphs of sea elevation due to upwelling were obtained at La Coloma, Playa Bailen, Cabo de San Antonio, Playa Bibijagua and Carapachibey. In the absence of measured data, it was validated by comparing the results with previous studies and modeling in another area, with the presence of sea level measurement stations, but applying the same methodology. Finally, it was concluded that the application of the model under the methodology used correctly described the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper was calculated the return period of coastal floods for each of the coastal settlements that report this extreme event in the Cuban archipelago, based on the period 1901-2020. The chronology and classification of coastal floods for each province was used, as well as the Poisson distribution and the χ² goodness of fit test. It is concluded that the Poisson distribution was suitable in all cases for the significance level of 5%; while the greatest hazard is presented by Havana, Baracoa and the settlements of the Gulf of Batabanó in which the occurrence of a flood event is expected at least once every three to five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Yanuncay river that runs through the city of Cuenca, floods frequently occur due to the large discharge that flow through the river. The anticipated knowledge of these phenomena requires a detailed study of the rain-runoff relationship. In the present paper, the determination of this relationship was obtained through a calibration process with nine events (with maximum discharge contained in the range of 17, 1 to 101 m3 / s that occurred in two hydrometric stations) and a subsequent validation stage, with four new events, using for this the HEC-HMS program. The selected events for these stages allowed the process to be carried out, guaranteeing its representativeness for the flow interval with large return periods that could occur in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses aspects related to the identification of environmental hazards that affect the Ondjiva commune and their direct interrelation with water pollution, typical of anthropic action. From the study of the water resources of the study area, an evaluation of the risks due to anthropic contamination on the waters was carried out. The research was structured in four stages, the main results of which were: a typological model of environmental hazards and a geostatistical model of the quality of surface and groundwater in the study area. Through the characterization and zoning of natural and anthropic factors in the study region, solid waste pollution is identified as the main pollutant focus of the waters of the Ondjiva Commune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Varadero beach is a tourism place one of the most famous in Cuba. For the Oasis sector has been design and artificial beach compose for several submerged breakwater parallel to the coast, and an initial sand supply project. It this paper is presented the evaluation of the project applying a train of numerical model coupling ADCIRC + SWAN + Xbeach. It was analyzed the hydrodynamics and wave variables. The morphological behavior of the initial nourishment was evaluated. The results of the study show the proposal is not effective, the losses of sand and the reshape of the beach for climate condition studied do not meet the tourism demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the existing deposits in Cuba exceed their years of useful life and show a high degree of deterioration mainly due to the cracking and corrosion of the steel reinforcement. Several solutions have been given over the years to prevent corrosion, but none have solved the problem, concluding that the ideal is to replace steel with a non-corrosive material such as fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). This paper proposes the design of the walls of two case studies, using FRP bars as concrete reinforcement. The results show that even when the design requires a greater amount of FRP bars than in a similar design with steel, to cracking control, the use of these bars is a feasible solution in terms of durability and useful life of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The octubre 23th of 2005 the Wilma hurricane live the water near of Cuba, despite being more than 200 km in the Gulf of Mexico, he left his footprints in Havana. It is e necessity to protect the city form the attack of the hurricanes and other severe events, for that reason several studies in order to kwon the behavior of the flooding have been done. In this paper are presented the formulas to compute the average wave overtopping, it is define the wave characteristics by mean a train of numerical model that allow to obtain the hydrographs to force the Iber model, and were done different flooding simulation of the study area, it allow define the location with more hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for the determination of the coefficients of the mathematical expression of each of the characteristic curves resulting from placing rotodynamic pumps in parallel, starting from knowing the curves of one of them. The proposed methodology, called Area Method, is based on the direct relationship between the areas under the curves (polynomials) of a pump and the one corresponding to the case in question (n parallel pumps). The aim of the paper is to determine the coefficients of the characteristic curves resulting from the combination of rotodynamic pumps in parallel, as well as to provide a tool for knowing the method of obtaining such characteristic coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a part of an extensive experimental campaign using physical modeling developed in a 2D wave tank of the University of Naples "Federico II, Italy to obtain an effective solution to reduce wave overtopping in Malecón Tradicional from La Habana. The average overtopping rate for the current situation was determine. The evaluation of the alternatives is carried out by means of a comparative analysis, taking as the reduction of the average overtopping rate, as well as evaluating those wish fulfill with the tolerable mean discharges of 50 L/sm. It was possible to confirm that the variant increasing freeboard generate the best results for the maritime climate conditions studied and the technical restrictions imposed, with values of reduction of 31.5% y 29,8% for 50 years of return period; and 22,5% y 24,24% for Wilma hurricane. It was compared the results of the parametric model develop with formulation of Eurotop 2007 manual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper present other part of the extensive experimental campaign by physical model in order to obtain an effective solution to reduce the wave overtopping in the Malecón traditional. It was determined the wave overtopping rate for the current situation and for two typologies of seawalls and seawalls combined with berms. It presents a comparative study, taking into account the alternative fulfill the admissible rate of 50 L/ms as project restriction. The testes confirm that the combination of the seawall and berm has the best results for the wave and water level studies conditions, and for the technical restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers an overview of the characteristics of biodiscs for wastewater treatment, as well as some of its main advantages and disadvantages. In the same way, without providing a methodology for its design, elements for it and criteria of the operation variables are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the current methodologies determine the design head and flow for run-of-river and runof- reservoir hydropower projects using statistical parameters, without any optimization process. This paper describes a software developed by the Empresa de Hidroenergía. This tool takes into account the hydrological data of the site and its specific financial premises, then obtaining the design flow and head, which maximize either the electricity generation or the Net Present Value (NPV). The optimization problem is solved by iterations and graphs or by applying the Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the preliminary design head and flow for run-of-river hydropower are determined from statistical parameters. Therefore, the energy and the net present value are the result of parameters fixed "ex ante". In this paper, a methodology for determination of the design flow and head is proposed, as a result of an energy or net present value (NPV) maximization problem. The optimization problem is solved by iterations and graphs or by applying the Generalized Reduced Gradient method (GRG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses interdisciplinary application of environmental flows as an ecohydrological tool for the integrated management of water resources, identifying the main challenges and opportunities for their implementation. The different international regulations clearly express the interest of planning, managing and controlling water resources from an environmental and ecosystem dimension, establishing that the basic management unit should be the watershed. The contribution from different disciplines, including ecohydrology as a new interdiscipline, has contributed to achieve a comprehensive approach on the concept of environmental flows, necessary to work the various hydrological, ecological, social, political and economic aspects involved in the operation of aquatic ecosystems, their sustainable use and their management from an integrated vision of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preliminary design head for run-of reservoir hydropower projects in Cuba is determined as the time-weighted average of net head obtained through reservoir simulation. This paper proposes three alternative methods for obtaining the optimal preliminary design head as follows: 1- by the frequency histogram of the net head, 2- by the net head duration curve and 3- by the generalized reduced gradient method (non-linear programming). Any of these three methods offers a better approximation to this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is very frequently used in wastewaters characterization. It allows to know the amount of organic matter that can be degraded by microorganisms in a biological wastewater treatment. However with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) it is possible to know the biodegradable and non-biodegradable fractions including those inorganic compounds that can be chemically oxidized. The COD is commonly used as a variable to define the carbonic material (biodegradable or non-biodegradable), present in wastewaters. The objective of this paper is to show a non-conventional vision from an actual perspective in the wastewater treatment by biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of this paper a critical analysis of the main models existing in the literature to calculate thermal radiation from a large pool fire "atmospheric tank fire" (a fundamental element to define the neighborhood between tanks) is performed. In this contribution a computational tool created by authors and called GMpoolfire with implementation of the point source model and surface emitter model is presented. This tool is applied to several case studies which serve as the basis for defining the neighbor tank criterion and fire scenarios. The results obtained are used in the third part of the paper for the implementation of the so called detailed pipe network model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the curve number in Las Coloradas basin is automatically determined. The curve number is a hydrological parameter used by the US Soil Conservation Service method for the estimation of surface runoff in watersheds. The procedure is based on the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) ArcView 3.3, which allows working with data of very diverse nature that are in the same geographical location. The generation of regional curve number maps is performed by the application of map overlay arithmetic operations and criteria from the different layers of information on which the SCS curve number method depends (type, land use, hydrological condition and treatment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology for the determination of the coefficients of the mathematical expression of each of the characteristic curves resulting from the placement of rotodynamic pumps in series, starting from knowing the curves of one of them. The proposed methodology is based on the direct relationship that exists between the areas under the curves (polynomials) of a pump and the one corresponding to the case in question (n pumps in series). For this reason, the procedure has been called the Area Method. The aim of this procedure is to determine the coefficients of the characteristic curves resulting from the combination of rotodynamic pumps in series, as well as to provide a tool for knowing the method of obtaining of such characteristic coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes the current paradigm of worldwide water administration, becoming explicit in national policies at global level. The integrated management of water resources looks for guiding the development of public policies regarding water resources, through conciliation between socio-economic development and protection of ecosystems. This concept has evolved running through various development stages; however, the elaboration of a universally consensual proposal of its definition and conceptualization keeps on unresolved. This paper presents the main lines of action which are being worked internationally and in Cuba to reach the goals proposed in this new model of water resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper evaluates for the first time, an anaerobic system of UASB-Upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) to treat raw vinasse with and without pH adjustment and without nutrient addition. The anaerobic digestion was properly developed without diluting the vinasse nor with nutrient addition. The best results were achieved with pH adjustment while increasing the organic loading rate (OLR). The stable condition for UASB-UAF system was at OLR 10 and 3 kgDQO m-3d-1 respectively. The methane yield was 0,236 and 0,159 Nm3CH4 kg-1DQOe. It was demonstrated that the use of UASB-UAF system allowed increasing the removal efficiency in terms of COD in more than 90%. A better final disposal of the anaerobic effluents and higher energy recovery was possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the changes in the professional model as a starting point for curricular design of the teaching process of the hydraulic engineer in Cuba. The importance of its elaboration is highlighted, taking into account the demands of the society and the scientific-technological development achieved, which have an impact on the modes and spheres of action. Its peculiarities are analyzed as a function of four stages, which allowed identifying the qualitative leaps and the definition of its components, as well as their relationships; the cut criterion were the essential transformations that gave origin to a new curricula for the formation of this professional. Therefore the objective is to unveil the particularities in the evolution of the professional model for the teaching process of the hydraulic engineer in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze not only the context in which the birth of Theoretical Hydrodynamics took place but also its XVIII- century main exponents' contributions. The origin of one of the most important principles of this branch of Fluid Mechanics: Bernoulli's theorem is discussed. Also considerations are made on the scientific progress ocurring during the XVI and XVII centuries, making emphasis on Isaac Newton's contributions. The paper defines the most important aspects of the life of the four founding fathers of this science: L. Euler, D. Bernoulli, J. L. D'Alembert and A. Clairaut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behaviour of wave, current and sediment transport in coastal sector of "La Guardia -- La Restinga" was analysed in former papers. In this coastal sector an accelerated erosion of the beach is being produced. In order to mitigate it, a group of coastal actions have been indicated taking into account the requirements of Ministerio del Ambiente for this land. Modifications in coastal dynamics as a consequence of these works are described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naval hydraulic systems are pipe networks which intervene in most of the functions of a ship. This paper describes the design of a bilge and fire protection system for a ship, which is simulated with the EPANET software, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the design of marine hydraulic systems based on computer simulation. It is concluded that integrating simulation to the design of these networks allows to configure systems so that the flow variables are within the recommended ranges and regulations; enables recreation of different system scenarios as well as variants analysis and gradual design; prevents selection of oversized or erroneous components thus allowing optimization of weights and costs of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with a study about maximum extreme precipitation events that have taken place in the city of Quito, as well as their assessment and space-time behavior by means of indicators such as pluviometric coefficient and intensity-frequency-duration curves which demonstrate that the extreme precipitation events around the city of Quito are mainly associated to the rainy period January-May, with a higher probability on April. Besides, it is shown that the equation obtained in order to determine the daily precipitations by means of the Bell method satisfies the calculation of the daily precipitations, except for a slight increase of 16% in the return periods of 50 and 100 years, with respect to the calculated values by the binomial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has an interpretation proposal of the horizontal and verticals measured geodetic data bases of the displacements of an earth dam, using several tools and computational techniques such as scientific visualization, GIS, geostatistics, numerical methods and some elements performed with fuzzy logic. The multiple interaction of these tools and techniques in the processing and analysis of data allowed addressing the study phenomenon with a minimum simplification degree through displaying of the results in the space-time cube linked with a scale Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk associated with geospatial data distribution in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper two treatment alternatives of liquid residual liming of a Cuban tannery are evaluated. These alternatives consist of two steps, the first one is the reduction of organic matter using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant, and a second directed to decreasing sulfides evaluating the use of two types of membranes: vitreous and zeolitic. As a result removal of organic load and of sulfur content of 99 % are obtained, although in the case of COD, it does not comply with regulations of the National Standard for terrestrial receiving bodies Class A, so that further treatment is necessary. For this purpose it was also determined that the content of zinc oxide present in the membranes has a positive and significant influence in the removal of the sulfur content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a historical analysis of two fundamental aspects of hydraulic engineering is made. They are the construction of works and engineering teaching in Cuban context. Evolution of construction and its influence in the formation of professionals can be appreciated. Also, the presence of this professionals has influenced the amount and complexity of works. Here, some social and environmental factors are mentioned, establishing an ancient memory, which has been divided into five parts withholding five centuries. On each part development of works and teaching of this engineering are presented, thus making a historical - logical link between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of the art about labyrinth spillways is presented in a very tight synthesis. Main experimental results about the subject are introduced and expressed in the form of graphics, tables and equations. Additionally included are two work sheets that have been elaborated by the authors of this paper to facilitate the hydraulic design process of this type of spillways. Finally, the need to continue experimental studies of this type of structure is made apparent, specially regarding two aspects which the authors consider of primary importance: the use of other spillway types different from the free fall ones and the structures located downstream of the labyrinth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the classical water-supply looped-network optimization problem is mathematically nonconvex and multimodal, the resulting solution of most approaches is uncertain in the sense of how close it is to the "best" solution. In many cases, this "best"' or "global" solution is invoked and pursued without a clear understanding of its meaning. This paper discusses what is involved in "global" solutions and the role that pipe flow distribution can play to deal with nonconvexity and multimodality in a new context. The author has introduced this new context recently after formulating a new objective function capable of finding that a looped network can be economically more attractive than its related branched one. Therefore, the convenience of an approach dealing with flows and heads, as relevant decision variables, is encouraged in this paper and its advantages enumerated under the new concepts. The entropy approach is studied critically and an example is provided for comparison with the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with coastal aquifers exploitation under saline intrusion threats and climate change effects over them. For sustainable development of these resources variable but necessary policies are required, among them: selection of abstraction works and their appropriate design, knowledge of the aquifer system, control measures over variables for decision making, use of advanced technologies to define optimal exploitation strategies, efficient operation and maintenance of existing works. It is suggested, when feasible, to give preferential use to horizontal works but avoiding open trenches because of the inconveniences that have been observed in the Cayo Largo del Sur and Andros-Bahamas case studies. The use of vertical wells demands a careful design, not only of each well but also of their spatial distribution, therefore the paper includes some recomendations to this end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of groundwater resources is a highly complex and very important task for sustainable management of aquifers. This paper is intended to warn about inaccuracy of conventional methods for assessing resources of major aquifers and its consequent inadequate management. Also shown is the possibility of using new tools that include groundwater modeling for such assessment. Mathematical modeling can improve allocation plans of these resources under different planning horizons and even applying optimal operational policies. The paper illustrates a procedure for assessing groundwater resources using AQÜIMPE technology. This technology was developed in Cuba and applied in some Cuban aquifers, with the aim of managing not only these resources but also to assess the response of the aquifer to certain engineering works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the MADA mathematical model is presented for the optimal management of aquifer exploitation. The model is built by embedding the AQÜIMPE model for simulation of ground water aquifers into a linear programming algorithm. MADA is used to evaluate exploitation in «Cuenca Sur de la Habana» aquifer, following a given water use plan (PUA). It is shown in the paper that PUA distribution of well abstractions is not considering possible saline intrusion in the aquifer and to that end a solution is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High intensity hurricanes attack frequently the Cuban island with great damages and high costs in the evacuation of people living in vulnerable areas. This paper presents an analysis of hurricanes that have affected the region to assist in the design and construction of solutions to prevent strong sea penetrations, by means of the SWAN mathematical model. Precedent studies have shown that a simple relationship between hurricane intensity and wave heights associated to it does not exist for a given point in the coastline. The paper shows the results of an investigation applying the SWAN model, developed by the Technological University of Delft. It is applied in its non stationary form to simulate the most unfavorable possible trajectories in the study region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of hydraulic engineering education in Cuba from 1900 to 1959 was presented in a previous paper. In order to analyze in a better way the evolution of this education from 1959 to the present time, we have considered five stages in the time scale. In this paper the first two stages of the revolutionary period, covering from 1959 to 1977, are studied. The 1957 Civil Engineering curriculum was modified in 1961, appearing three specializations in the fifth year, one of which was Hydraulics. With the time, the subjects pertaining to Hydraulic Engineering increased their presence in the Civil Engineer curriculum until 1968 when an independent curriculum for Hydraulic Engineering was approved. The 1962 and the 1968 curricula are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitations of traditional Soil Mechanics are evident when you need to explain the deformation in unsaturated soils. That is why in this paper is presented how to obtain the time variation of consolidation when soil permeability varies due to changes in the degree of saturation. In the analysis Rojas and Alanís model is applied to obtain the strain rate and Van Genuchtenand Fredlund models are applied to obtain the hydraulic conductivity curve in the Capdevila formation unsaturated soil sample, starting from the retention curve. The case study presented is a 22 m high earth dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe meteorological events are the main threat in the country, as there is a large population living in areas at risk from hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rains and flooding for different reasons. For specialized decision makers it would be useful to have historical information on the behavior of the basin under extreme events and the consequences thereof in the region. In most cases, historical rainfall records are present in the basins from the installed equipment. In this paper a procedure is presented to obtain these events from historical rainfall records. The method allows to obtain the events in the basin for further modeling, which is an important tool for decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquifers vulnerability maps allow differentiating the natural characteristics of the geological environment to protect the aquifer from the action of multiple pollutants that can infiltrate from the surface, associated to natural phenomena or to man's activity. This paper evaluates the natural vulnerability and risk of contamination of the Cuenca Dolores - Sagua La Chica, located northeast of Villa Clara, Cuba. The PATHS methodology is applied, which values aquifers vulnerability analyzing: Precipitations and groundwater level, Aquifer, Tectonic and Topography of the land and Soil Hydraulic Conductivity. As a final result the Map of Vulnerability and the Map of Contamination Risk are obtained for the basin at a scale of 1:100 000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This part of the paper shows that only with the creation and implementation of detailed mathematical models for simulating pipe flow, high accuracy complex scenarios within the stages of design or analysis of Fire Extinguishing Systems (SCI) in the petroleum industry can be evaluated. In this regard, the concept of detailed pipe network model is proposed. This concept comprises incorporating all the important network elements to simulate the flow hydrodynamics linked to the thermal radiation models proposed. This is achieved by taking full advantage of many EPANET potentialities (to wit) and MGpoolfire tool. Several applications are listed, highlighting the case of the SCI for the Fuels Distributor Company (ECC) Matanzas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century company faces a new complex economic, cultural and informational scenario. The Cuban management system, following governmental regulations, enforces public enterprise approach to innovation and technology management (ITM). In contrast to the above, the Enterprise for Hydraulic Projects and Investigations in Villa Clara (EIPH-VC) does not have any systematic management action in this sense to improve its general performance. This paper presents the theoretical and methodological approach to systematize the ITM and the first results of its implementation, derived from an incipient but systematic application of the ITM in this company, characterized by the intensive use of knowledge and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present the world is facing an energy crisis, where one of the factors contributing to it is the indiscriminate use of conventional fuels, therefore, alternatives for obtaining biofuels such as biogas are being sought. Biogas contains hydrogen sulphide, which has a high toxicity and corrosive properties, which limits their use. Methods for efluent gas desulphurization can be classified according to their physico-chemical principles as follows: absorption using inorganic and organic chemicals, physical adsorption, biotecnologichal methods and membrane filtration. In this paper an analysis of the methods used worldwide is presented as well as the results achieved from the Cuban experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish processing requires a large water quantity, generating significant volumes of polluted water. Because of this study, there were detected three fundamental halls in INDUPIR fishing industry: shaped, export funds and scales, with water consumption of 7, 36 and 72 m3/d respectively. In the latter it was determined the water consumption for 15 active workers belonging to the production line, quantifying time, volume and water consumption per worker and identifying the minimum consumption required for processing fish. Finally, organizational technical measures were identified with the aim to ensure rational use of water through its quantification, planning and administration, recommending the implementation of proposed measures in the paper, extending them to other similar institutions in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to create and calibrate a two-dimensional regional groundwater model for the "Cuentas Claras" aquifer. First, an overall model was conceived and it was subjected to a calibration process. For that purpose AQÜIMPE groundwater simulation software was applied. As the calibration was not achieved for the overall model, the idea of conceiving a partial model representing only the exploitation zone was carried through. The recharge coming from the mountains was introduced to this second model as a groundwater intake, and therefore it had to be calibrated as well. As a final result, a logical calibration of the model was achieved with high accuracy. The present work also attempts to contribute with the groundwater management strategies of this aquifer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured crystalline rocks have potential for water accumulation, however, to determine the location of wells that enable extraction, an accurate assessment of the geological conditions of the study area is neccesary. The study area includes Katengue, Caimbambo, Kanhamela and Wyiangombe communities belonging to Caimbambo municipality. The main objective of this paper is to show the applied procedures that include the application of techniques related to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing in a region characterized by the Pre-Cambrian granite formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high frequency of tropical storms in Cuba has made Cuban people to follow informations released by the forecast department of the Instituto de Meteorología (Meteorology Institute) together with instructions emitted by the Estado Mayor Nacional de Defensa Civil (Civil Defense National Headquarters), with the purpose of planning relevant protection measures aimmed at disaster mitigation. These informations deal mainly with wind intensity among others but very little is said about rainfall amounts and their consequent flooding danger. The authors of this paper present a first approach to a classification scale of tropical storms according to their associated rainfall considering only rainfall-related variables. Other important variables, such as soil properties, soil use, etc. are left aside for later analysis which in a near future will allow better classification criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high frequency of tropical storms in Cuba has made Cuban people to follow informations released by the forecast department of the Instituto de Meteorología (Meteorological Institute) together with instructions emitted by the Estado Mayor Nacional de Defensa Civil (Civil Defense National Headquarters), with the purpose of planning relevant protection measures aimmed at disaster mitigation. These informations deal mainly with wind intensity among others but very little is said about rainfall amounts and their consequent flooding danger. The authors of this paper are herein presenting, as a first part, a very short synthesis of the state of the art situation of this important subject. The subject will be treated subsequently in the second part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]