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Operation of a well field under automatic control implies important benefits mainly as related to the efficiency of the operation and the quality of service. Although this technology was applied in the country already more than ten years ago, at present it is only used in two water supply systems. The main features that must be taken into account for the automatic control of a well field are described in this paper along with the selection of its relevant variables and criteria for adequate choice of instrumentation. The Cayo Redondo well field of Manzanillo water supply system is introduced as a case study and application example. Finally, the advantages of this technology for aquifer evaluation and monitoring are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of several papers that will be presented about the topic of the rotodynamics pumps operating in parallel. A brief summary of the operation characteristics and hydraulic behavior of the pumps coupled in parallel is presented firstly. The method of the virtual pumps, a simple and practical procedure is presented for the solution of problems of pumps connected in parallel, when the installation conditions and (or) characteristic of the coupled pumps, are in general different for each one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of electricity is a decisive element for the economical and social development. In the underdeveloped countries, millions of persons do not have possibilities of utilizing it. For achieving the Millenium Goals of ONU it is necessary to expand significatively the access to energy in those countries. But this expansion can not be done contributing to the deterioration of the environment. The hydraulic energy is a renewable source, cheap, reliable and with a proven technology. It is also clean, sustainable and does not emit greenhouse effect gases, producing reduced environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of hydraulic energy as a source and of the small hydroelectric stations as alternative for the solution of the energetic problems of underdeveloped countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]