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Based on the foundations that characterize fully constituted sciences, the article questions the scientific status of economics and discusses why various paradigms coexist within it, whose theoretical and methodological foundations conflict. The first part reviews the cycles of the predominant theoretical currents and analyzes the scientific rigor of the main paradigms; in particular, it examines the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the neoclassical paradigm, which, despite being currently assumed to be dominant, is far from satisfying the basic demands of scientific work. In the second part, the confluence of the different theoretical bodies is discussed, and the class, political, and ideological component of each one is contrasted. To meet the demands imposed by the advancement of economics as a scientific discipline, it must be assumed that economic theories are not politically neutral; that, beyond the preaching of pseudo-neutrality that usually masks apologetic desires, it is necessary to recognize the close relationship that exists between class interests, objectivity, and scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Maynard Keynes's (1936) concept of "animal spirits" or "spontaneous optimism" as a major driving force in business fluctuations was motivated in part by his and his contemporaries' observations of human reactions to ambiguous situations where probabilities couldn't be quantified. We can add that in such ambiguity there is evidence that people let contagious popular narratives and the emotions they generate influence their economic decisions. These narratives are typically remote from factual bases, just contagious. Macroeconomic dynamic models must have a theory that is related to models of the transmission of disease in epidemiology. We need to take the contagion of narratives seriously in economic modeling if we are to improve our understanding of animal spirits and their impact on the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]