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In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper, one of the products derived from the author's doctoral thesis, is to indicate how the current Brazilian Constitution innovates to define cultural heritage and establish measures for its preservation. With this purpose, the author makes a genealogy of the so-called "Cartas Políticas" of Brazil, which addressed heritage issues. Without examining the process that led to their formation in depth, this paper aims to demonstrate how the current Constitution extends the concept of heritage, albeit with some limitations, such as the naturalization of cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to locate the participation of photographers in photo-cinematographic expeditions related to the creation of the Study Section (SE) of the Indigenous Protection Service (SPI) in 1941. Having done this, the focus will move to the SE, where these professionals were identified as civil servants, including the members of the normative body of the indigenist policy, the National Council for the Protection of Indians (CNPI). These members were responsible for creating and coordinating the work of the SE. The hypothesis is that the participation of anthropologists in the CNPI allowed the introduction of applied anthropology in the activities of the SPI. In this way, the team, responsible for the recollection of images and sounds of the indigenous groups enrolled set a fundamental starting point for identifying the ambiguity in indigenous policy at the time simply due to the documental and ethnographic materiality. It is shown such a practice was planned, highlighting the scientism in dealing with indigenous groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to put forward a historical approach to research on the history of teaching, theoretically concerning the two genetic aspects developed by Norbert Elias in his research about civilizing processes --sociogenesis and psychogenesis. The analysis proposed for the schooling process includes a study on long-term changes in individuals' behavior (psychogenesis) referred to students and teachers, and changes in social settings (sociogenesis), especially in the family and the school. This study makes part of a broader research on the schooling process in Minas Gerais (Brazil) in the 19th and 20th centuries focusing on elementary school teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the deep contradiction that envolves the punishment of the privacy of liberty wich, in place of resocialize the violent individuals and inhibit the cycle of social violence, produces criminals and potentials the social conflict. In an anthropological way it pretends to show throught the Women's Penitenciary of Brasília DF, Brazil that is technically impossible to transform an inmate to live in freedom. For this purpose, the process of incarceration is the analytical procedure wich explains the process that women identity suffers once in jail. The encarceration, ruled by many and exacerbated power and control technologies, and delimitated by two rituals of passage wich respectively marks the entrance and the outcome from prision produces institucionalized women, unadapted to live within society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]