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This paper analyzes the individual conditions of journalistic production in two independent medias of the media-partisan structure in Cuba. These can be considered among the most internationally recognized Cuban media. In the research, in-depth interviews with 40 journalists. It was found that these conditions are marked, fundamentally, by the confluence in the two media organizations of young graduates of journalism courses in the country with a multiple spatial location, and different referents and professional trajectories. A professional identification with the functions of journalism to inform, monitor power, participate in social debate and show society in its diversity, among others, was also detected. In addition, personal concerns were found about the violence against independent journalism on the island. It was concluded that these conditions materialize in terms of an anti-authoritarian professional discursiveness (and representation) shared by journalists. A comparison with the findings of inquiries located in other national spaces is proposed in the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a formal analysis of the local laws related to Mexican journalists' protection, and compare it with news workers' perceptions on this issue. The starting point is a theoretical discussion on the current risk of practicing journalism, and the need to provide local legal assistance. This is followed by an argumentative formal analysis of the local laws, complemented by a set of 55 semi-structured interviews with journalists from the same places, which were conducted between February 2017 and August 2018. The findings show three kinds of legal protection: social, civil, and physical. On the contrary, based upon their own experiences, reporters do not trust in those laws. The final argument is that the local context matters in order to understand how the protection measures operate in the most dangerous country in the world for journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2002 and 2012 some investigations were carried out that concluded that Chilean journalists lacked independence and autonomy when carrying out their work. In them, it was found that there were influences of its editors, in addition to the pressures exerted by the company and the sponsors. The aim of this paper is to analyze some of the influences of journalists, 15 years after the beginning of this research. It is intended to evaluate the conclusions of previous research and add another factor: the effect of social networks as a new element of pressure. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight journalists who worked as reporters on various national media. The elected journalists were young, precisely to evaluate new opinions regarding perceived autonomy. It was concluded that, for half of the interviewed journalists, the economic pressures of the owners of the company lack autonomy; Most do not feel pressured by their editors and social networks mean, for half the interviewees, a factor to take into account in their publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between parliamentary journalists and Spanish Members of Parliament. The study, based on surveys, is part of European research in which Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom have also participated. Among the key conclusions, it highlights the remarkable power of the media in politics and the sensationalism in political texts perceived by politicians. Concerning journalists, the majority felt that their professional work is driven by competition with other media and internal pressures, political and economic, coming from their own organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper tries to measure the journalist's initiative, where it's considered to express himself more freely, in order to accomplish two goals: on one hand, update data about his consideration, status and professional self esteem; on the other hand, discover new challenges he presently confronts, consequence of recent organization schemes inside newsrooms. With this in mind, it's suggested that initiative of that particular professional profile should express more spontaneously within newsrooms, side by side with other professional profiles, where it should acquire more entity and character. Research observation has centred in newsrooms, focusing in daily communication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]