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Death penalty has been accepted through the years by the United States as a useful way to deal with criminals. Th is practice was in accordance to a system which required swift justice. The appearance and development of the rule of law in which individual rights were recognized increased the opposition to this measure. Capital punishment has been abolished in almost all Western countries, but in the case of the United States many local legislatures include death penalty statutes. Th is paper has the purpose of approaching the ever-changing debate surrounding this practice in the United States, in order to review diff erent sceneries that have modified both how the executions take place, replacing public executions in favor of private ones, and the public perception regarding them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vigilantism appeared in the last decades of the nineteenth century in some Western territories of the United States in process of colonization. These movements were consequence of the way such territories were organized, as well as of the absence and/or ineffectiveness of a formal legislation or authorities enforcing the law. Thus, the purpose of vigilantism was to protect the life and property of the settlers, who actually took the law in their own hands with some degree of violence. This paper examines the characteristics of the vigilante movements in order to trace their impact in the process of territorial organization undergone by Western areas of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to study the fears that involve the migratory process of Mexicans to the United States, through the analysis of two religious practices: 1) the orisons related to migration, which are difussed by different means; 2) the ex-votos that have been deposited for the last decades in two sanctuaries located at the municipality of Totatiche, Jalisco. This paper brings us near to the study of popular religious practices and the history of the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes to study the fears that involve the migratory process of Mexicans to the United States, through the analysis of two religious practices: 1) the orisons related to migration, which are difussed by different means; 2) the ex-votos that have been deposited for the last decades in two sanctuaries located at the municipality of Totatiche, Jalisco. This paper brings us near to the study of popular religious practices and the history of the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the women's struggle for suffrage in the United States. The different stages of the process are analyzed in order to characterize each one. The West, land under the process of organization, appears as an important space in with women were able to develop their specific interests. Women's appeals are related to the Liberal Doctrine, which was important in order to legitimize them. Other kind of female activism is mentioned, such as women in temperance, wich was first established in some states before it became a constitutional amendment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]