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This paper, based on qualitative interviews realized between 2014 and 2022 with 36 Central American migrant women captured by drug cartels when they transited through Mexico, aims to examine the different repertories used by criminal organizations to capture, exploit, and subject the victims to a condition of sexual slavery. It is concluded that criminal groups have developed four different repertories, which aim to tame the body and mind of the slaves to achieve total submission: kidnapping, deception, recruitment in the country of origin and extortion. Inside these organizations the roles of victim and perpetrator are interchangeable, and enslaved women are not always passive victims, but some rescue themselves using both astuteness and brute force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine what are the methods used by Mexican drug cartels to recruit migrant smugglers and which are the activities carried by former migrant smugglers in these organizations. A qualitative methodology was used, consistent in the realization, between 2011 and 2015, of interviews with 107 migrant smugglers (105 men and 2 women). This paper concludes that after 2013, there has been an increase of recruitment of migrant smugglers by drug cartels without coercion, and that the activities carried out by them are increasingly violent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to analyze the demographic and socioeconomic profiles of Guatemalan households by indigenous language in the southern border states of Mexico. In particular, it is explored how many Guatemalan households are settled, how they are configured and how they are integrated in structural terms, based on the Intercensus Survey 2015. To this end, descriptive statistics and a multinomial logistic model are used. The analysis indicates that Guatemalan households are concentrated in rural localities, are numerous and younger, and mainly work in the primary sector. Their socioeconomic integration is disadvantaged in aspects such as labor and housing conditions and access to social services. Nevertheless, Guatemalan indigenous households exhibit higher levels of social integration than their non-indigenous counterparts in the access to citizenship, housing and governmental economic transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the social right to health of a group of Mexicans deported in the context of their migration between Mexico and the US. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with deportees living in the city of Monterrey, Nuevo León, it explores the search for medical care and access to healthcare services during a migratory trajectory conformed of three stages: destination, interception and return. The results emerge from a dual experience, first, as irregular immigrants in the United States and, later, as deportees in Mexico. The right to health was partially exercised in both national contexts with health systems and policies that exclude, either on purpose or by omission, irregular immigrants and deportees. The period of residence or absence, as well as family networks, acted as antagonistic factors encouraging or inhibiting access to health, according to the migratory stage analyzed. This right was typically exercised during medical emergencies caused mainly by accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work offers an analysis of the development of the concept of educational justice in Mexico from the mid 1970s to the first decade of the 21st century. Based on a perspective underpinned by conceptual history and hypotheses on the externalization of the compared education approach, this paper highlights a reemergence and sedimentation of the concept of educational justice during the 1990s, both in academia and official discourse. This is explained in part by growing social and educational inequalities and the externalization of national discourse, which have fostered an original hybridization that points towards a renewal of optimism in schools, and the possibility of more just - or simply less unjust - societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental education (EE) seeks to cultivate a sustainable mindset in citizens in the hope that this will result in better environmental care in their surroundings. This paper identifies municipalities with the greatest and poorest academic results in EE-related subjects in the National Assessment of Academic Achievement in Schools (ENLACE), and a system of indicators of urban environmental sustainability was used to assess environmental conditions. By using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, a significant link was found between the two variables, as it was found that Delegación Cuauhtémoc, the Federal District, the municipalities of Toluca (State of Mexico) and Cajeme (Sonora) achieved the highest scores both in EE-related subjects and in the environmental indicators, whereas the municipalities of Lázaro Cárdenas (Michoacán), Asunción Nochixtlán (Oaxaca) and Ometepec (Guerrero) scored lowest, both in related subjects and in the sustainability indicator results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a general analysis of science teaching and learning and scientific research in elementary schools in Mexico. A standardized questionnaire was given to 1,559 students, and interviews were carried out with 74 teachers and 35 principals from 35 public and private elementary schools in 14 cities across the country. The questionnaire and interviews encompassed both the teaching of natural sciences and scientific inquiry in other subjects. The results point to an outlook that is both encouraging and demanding: encouraging because students show a positive attitude and a favorable view of science, and teachers and principals show an interest in teaching research; but also demanding because some areas were identified that needed strengthening, such as the importance of cross-disciplinary research teaching, the suitability of teaching and learning activities, the use and incorporation of informal science education activities and education management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies educational inequality in Mexico, examining educational differences between the country's states. To carry out this analysis, an adaptation of the statistical measure known as the Gini coefficient was used. The results show marked differences between Mexican states with regard to education. There are large inequality gaps between the states in Mexico that have persisted over time despite the fact that the data indicate that education has become more equal in all of the country's states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an analysis of the situation presented by environmental education at the high-school level, by means of a case study done in the municipality of Campeche. There was performed exploratory research which combined quantitative and qualitative methods to diagnose high-school students' level of environmental culture, as well as the type of environmental education they receive. The results indicate that students have a low level of environmental awareness, and lack the necessary knowledge and skills with which to make environmentally-friendly changes in their lifestyles. Although they show an interest in environmental issues, both their institutional context and their teachers' low level of qualification operate as factors that discourage the students. The results allowed us to identify windows of opportunity for environmental education in the light of the students' positive attitudes, their interest in learning sustainable practices, and the importance of the school as a source of information on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a complete list of hermatypic coral species, analyzes the biodiversity levels and describes the biogeographic patterns of the group in the Mexican Pacific. The coral fauna of the MexicanPacific consists of 23 species, which makes this region one of the highest in terms of specific richness within the tropical eastern Pacific. In general, the species are grouped in faunistic units that correspond to the traditional zoogeographic provinces recognized in the region. There is no evidence of effective biogeographic barriers throughout the Mexican Pacific region. Local extinction events, likely caused by the narrow distribution of some species, and perhaps due to the type and frequency of transpacific colonizations, modify the normalprocesses of community succession, causing the Mexican Pacific to bea highly dynamic zone in terms of its coral fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longline is the most common fishing gear used to catch pelagic fish species. It consists of a principal line or mother line from which secondary lines with hooks hang. This fishing gear has demonstratedits efficiency to catch tuna, shark and billfish. The relative specific selectivity, according to some authors, seems to be influenced byfactors like fishing strategy, horizontal and vertical species distribution, and the kind and size of bait. In this paper, a practical method to estimate hook operating depth is proposed, taking into consideration the catenary line formed by the mother line in each section. This estimate was validated with data obtained by means of a CTD meter placed at the same depth as the hooks during the longline operation. Moreover, an analysis of the species composition of the catch at each hook depth was performed. The results indicate that there is a difference of more than 30 m between operating depths in each section. Likewise, significant differences (at level a = 0.05) among catches ateach operating level were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]