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Inadequate treatment and its possible social effects is one of the environmental concerns. The purpose of the study was to evaluate fluctuations in physical-chemical parameters, environmental cost and ecotoxicological prediction through The Gecotoxic® computational program in the Yaurilla oxidation lagoon, Ica-Peru. The parameters estimated the relative sustainable environmental cost (COASOR) through a ratio between the cost of evaluation (COA) and the cost of regulatory prevention (CONP). The values found were introduced to the residual analysis descriptor of the Gecotoxic computational program® for ecotoxicological prediction. The range of variation for the parameters was: pH = 6.01--8.01; solids = 451--818.9 mg. L-1; electrical conductivity = 921-1737.5 uS/cm and the temperature is 25.75--25.65°C. The average estimate of COASOR was relative sustainable resource and Gecotoxic® indicated, low-type ecotoxicological prediction (30%). It was concluded that, despite fluctuations between the values of the physical-chemical parameters, the effluent showed value of use as a resource, in addition, it did not represent any risk. However, it is recommended to analyze other parameters including microbiological stoms for the correct decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper develops the fields of social market economy regarding the constitutional protection of the healthy and balanced environment. It also raises the challenges of public and private investment in relation to extractive industries located in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of geothermal resources as a new energy source, which has a demonstrated technical and economic feasibility In our country, we have incipient regulations, which in many cases and due to lack of regulations and specialists in the field, take a lengthy period of time to obtain authorizations and / or concessions for the exploitation of geothermal resources of the soil and subsoil in our nation's territory. Under the current Peruvian legal system, the authorizations are granted for a period of three (3) years and may be extended for an additional period of two (2) years; in the case of concessions they are granted for a period of thirty (30) years and may be extended for an additional period of ten (10) years. If the goal is the generation of electricity, the contract will be automatically extended for the same term of the contract. Notwithstanding this, it should be specified that the power generation activities are governed by their own law. In recent decades, it has been stressed the need to search for new sources of energy and moreover that the said sources do not create negative or significant impact on the environment, it is no longer sufficient to generate energy through burning of oil, it is imperative the study and use of new energy sources, whose characteristics should be that they be clean, as is geothermal energy, whose use can be made available to the masses and put to the benefit of the most isolated populations of our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following work seeks to review some of the criteria for interpretation of the Environmental Enforcement Tribunal of the OEFA- Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental, with respect to environmental responsibility, environmental damage, testing and others aspects that holders of mining titles face in the sanctioning administrative procedures for which this authority is responsible. The paper also considers that these criteria are not confined to the administrative authority, but are reviewed by the judicial system, and are used to determine legal actions and specialized hearings concerning environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge we face is to know how to design and implement corporate environmental management systems able to promote and reconcile multiple interests of social and economic actors to avoid environmental conflicts that way. We believe that better articulating the dynamics of resistance, now dispersed and fragmented, offering opportunities to autonomy, which effectively treat the conflict as a function of social arrangements, it could prevent the seams of this precarious institutional tearing further. If the claims in question requires a change in the distribution of benefits and privileges that exist in a community, the institutions put in place mechanisms of power, designed to stifle even before either expressed or, upon agreement, you could try to delete it before it gains access to relevant decision -making arena. The managers' differences and quell social conflicts, are the institutions that they should be installed in an area of more or less large or small meeting, between public and private, always looking for the social satisfaction and approval rating. However, it is clear that today, some institutions are strangled delegitimized or demolished, and there is even consensus to push them to all the authorities, that caste and mediocrity indolent, not having the ability to formulate management solutions and demonstrate their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Nations conference on environment and development, signed the Convention on Biological Diversity, which obliges the signatory States to combat the extinction of species throughout the world. Its executive secretary said: "the services that nature offers us are free, but the man has a deep unconscious of what he represents their destruction [...] If humanity does not brake to the degradation of biodiversity, the legacy for future generations will be mortgaged [...] must have the courage to look our children in the eye and admit failure [...] admit that we continue losing biodiversity at an unprecedented pace, we are mortgaging their future". Words that initialed by premonitions future about the treatment of the extinction of a large part of the existing biodiversity, that if we do not a treatment, their destruction would speed up and we would be going against the new scheme of sustainable development. In this paper, I analyze and discuss from the perspective of social rights, environmental, and economic, compliance with subparagraphs (c) and (d) of article 10 of the said convention in the native communities of the Peruvian Amazon, an area of permanent armed con ict between the Peruvian State and the native communities. The work consists of six parts. The first explains the legal framework and jurisprudence; the second covers the methodology, and will draw attention to the method and the approach of hypotheses; the third the theoretical framework, the geographical framework and the gathering of information; The fourth on analysis and interpretation; in the fifth set out an analogy with some of the results of the European Union and countries of south America; in the sixth part formulates some conclusions and new perspectives for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes us through the development of environmental law and the victories he has achieved in a long journey to start being part of national political agendas of countries and a global concern. Also leads us to analyze the different recognition elements necessary for success in environmental protection, in terms of environmental law implementation is efficient and effective. Thus reading the article leads us down the path of recognizing situations and elements necessary for the triumph of environmental law. The first, the consideration that this branch of law gets treatment as a human right which allows the category and gives the treatment it deserves. The second key element recognized as environmental law is the absolute principle of sustainability as rector of environmental policies, which should be based on an economic analysis, political, social, cultural and ecological decisions based on ethics. At the same time, the analysis is performed by Otis Duncan developed over the sustainability of a community, which according indicates lies in the interrelationship between population elements, social organization, environment, technology and social aspirations. The third element is the understanding of a solid legal framework or regulation, the fourth element is the implementation of the judiciary which is the enforcement of the rules, in this case environmental. The transversability in the design and implementation of environmental standards is the fifth and the sixth element, not least, the existence of a democratic basis of respect for the institutions and the proper use of democratic means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el estado actual de la internacionalización de la Selva Amazónica. El autor comenta sobre el rol de los gobiernos del mundo en la protección de la Amazonía y describe los peligros asociados con la industrialización y la globalización en el medio ambiente amazónico.

El artículo trata la contaminación en términos económicos. Define la contaminación como la emisión de materia perjudicial a niveles que el medio ambiente no es capaz de absorber. Afirma que este exceso finalmente resulta en la escasez de recursos naturales. Destaca que todos los procesos industriales generan un cierto nivel de desperdicios. Menciona que muchos países han elaborado políticas para controlar la contaminación sin impedir el crecimiento económico.