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Interesting botanical and ecological studies used the multivariate approach to describe underlying patterns in large data sets and to answer questions about the structure of the studied systems at various scales. This work aims to encourage the correct use of the multivariate approach and offers guidelines for the appropriate choice of the analysis techniques according to the objectives of the study and the characteristics of the data. Some appropriate applications of principal components, multidimensional scaling, correspondence analysis, discriminant, and cluster analysis in articles published in scientific journals of these disciplines are showed. We used reduced versions of the data matrices from some of these papers to present the methods of analysis in a simple way. The focus is placed on the correct interpretation of the results and the biological questions that can be answered through multivariate analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine existing analyses for (restrictive) relative clauses and propose an analysis for Spanish relatives from the perspective of a lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG). We will provide a summary of the main proposals in the literature and examine the questions that any analysis of relative clauses should address. Our TAG approach synthesises the descriptive and theoretical advantages of existing models (the head external analysis, the raising analysis, and the matching analysis) and offers a solution to some of the main problems that have been observed in the literature. We will focus on the internal configuration of relative clauses, their structural position, and the category of the expression que in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is the illustration of textual statistical analysis in confronting of the speeches of three great theorists of the world economy; it is aimed to review the emphasis from semantic segments that characterize the speech of each one. In this study, through a correspondence analysis, textual variables from the selected papers were identified, which are presented as characterizing the main concepts that establish patterns in each discourse. The results show the power of this methodology for applications in economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is the illustration of textual statistical analysis in confronting of the speeches of three great theorists of the world economy; it is aimed to review the emphasis from semantic segments that characterize the speech of each one. In this study, through a correspondence analysis, textual variables from the selected papers were identified, which are presented as characterizing the main concepts that establish patterns in each discourse. The results show the power of this methodology for applications in economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]