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Background: Brucellosis produces losses in livestock raising in the Americas. This region reports prevalence variations associated with the implementation of control programs, thus requiring an analysis that permits the combination of results to reach conclusions, which may be conducted through meta-analysis. Aim. To estimate the combined prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle and Buffaloes in Central America and the Caribbean, and South America in the 2010-2021 period, and to analyze the different time performances in all the regions and the species. Materials and methods: Several papers published in electronic databases, such as PubMed / PubMed Central, Science Direct, Scielo, Ebsco, and Google Scholar were selected. Original papers and postgraduate theses available were included, provided they offered information about cattle and buffaloes, using the serological techniques recommended by the World Animal Health Organization, and which provided the sample size and the number of positives. A meta-analysis was done to estimate the combined prevalence of the disease, and the effect on the subgroups was evaluated by meta-regression. Results: Overall, 65 that met the selection criteria were included, 56 related to cattle, and 11 to buffaloes. The combined prevalence was 3.0%; differences between cattle (2.7%) and buffaloes (5.2%) were observed. The differences between the periods studied accounted for 4.3% (2011-2016) and 2.0% (2017-2021), respectively. Conclusions: The combined prevalence of the disease was 3.0%, which was higher in buffaloes, which dropped in the last five years. No differences were observed between the two regions studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Mundo de Antes is the property of Revista Mundo de Antes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Ingenieria Agricola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cooperativismo y Desarrollo (COODES) is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie VI, Geografía is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Comunicacion en Salud is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Comunicacion Sanitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista PAMPA is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Crop-cattle farms in the lower basin of Guayas River are different in terms of their chances to maintain animals throughout the year. The aim of this paper is to evaluate forage balance of crop-cattle farms in the lower basin of the river. Method: This research included 76 farms in the lower Basin of Rio Guayas, Ecuador. A number of 12 variables were selected; the input variables were used to classify the farms into four types through k-mean cluster analysis. The annual percentage of nutritional needs met on the farm was considered as well. The output variables produced the central trend and dispersion statistics, which were related to the types achieved. A simple correlation analysis was performed between the input and output variables using the Spearman coefficient. Results: Most cases were observed in the low typology (36), along with the lowest percentage of the cattle raising area, stocking rate, and days on the farm. The mid-low and mid-high typologies produced similar values as to stocking rate and the days the animals were under such conditions; the high typology kept the animals for more days, with adequate stocking rates and positive forage balance. Conclusions: The forage balance was positive in the high typology, with better utilization of resources produced and introduced for animal nutrition, and more days on the farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Revista de Medicina Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) is used in animal reproduction with the objective of evaluating sperm quality, quickly and reliably. Currently, artificial insemination centers must have reliable and objective systems that ensure the reliability of reproductive data. The aim of this paper was to review computer-assisted semen analysis in livestock species. The use of CASA systems replace routine quality analyzes that introduce biases and leads to different inaccuracy degrees. In addition, if intrinsic limitations of microscopy or sperm with different motility patterns are considered, it is most likely that considerable variability will be introduced which will have an impact on the objectivity of the estimation. At first, this type of technology was inaccessible, but they are currently used routinely in most research laboratories for the evaluation of sperm samples of different species of zootechnical interest.. Computerized techniques are able to issue reports with a high number of characteristics, to minimize the subjective factor of routine semen analysis, and to ensure a better correlation with the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa by the relationship between sperm motility and functional competence. The use of CASA systems together with multivariate statistical analysis have demonstrated the existence of kinetic and morphometric subpopulations in ejaculates of different species, eliminating the idea that ejaculates are homogeneous, formed by a single sperm population with normal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía del Caribe is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aims of this paper were to classify cattle farms by Multivariate statistics, and to characterize the groups of cattle farms of two parishes in Chunchi canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, for rural extension work. The factors achieved in the reduction of dimensions (8) were used to make hierarchical clustering analysis based on the Ward's method, with an Euclidean distance cut of 15. Four groups were made and named after the appearance frequency. The groups were characterized by means of central tendency and frequency distribution. Group 4 was superior in terms of surface area, but all the farms studied may be regarded as small, according to the classification of the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). Number of trees was lower in group 2, suggesting interest in intensification based on space. Group 4 had more cows, thus recurring to concentrated feeds more often. Group 1 reported the need for more training. It was concluded that groups 1 and 3 required greater support from the rural extension system; group 4 showed traits of numerical superiority of the variables. Accordingly, an efficiency study of the groups identified is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low efficiency and profitability of animal production systems in tropical countries, along with the subsequent deterioration of the environment, has compelled the search for systems that maximize the productive and economic efficiency and the natural balance with the environment. For such reason, the objective of this paper is to review the main results of Latin America and the Caribbean with the use of silvopastoral system (SPSs) for milk and beef production and for the control of parasitism in cattle. SPSs offer high edible biomass availability, higher than 30 t DM ha-1year-1, of which the pasture represents 75-90 % and the tree foliage, 10-25 %. The diet shows a CP content of 11-16 % and an IVDMD of 510-630 g kg-1 DM and allows a milk production of 10-12 kg cow-1day-1 and between 3 000 and 16 000 kg ha-1year-1. For beef production, SPSs guarantee a weight gain between 0,42 and 1,10 kg animal-1day-1; while the production per hectare is between 500 and 1 340 kg year-1. In addition, SPSs propitiate the increase of the soil biota which accelerates dung decomposition, reducing gastrointestinal parasitism in the animals and the increase of the fauna associated that regulates the populations of ticks and vector insects. The need to transform degraded pasture systems as well as the crops of cultivated grasses in SPSs is emphasized; thus they improve the nutritional quality and balance of the diet for the animals, the efficiency in milk and beef production per hectare is optimized and a contribution is made to the control of parasite diseases in the herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of a diagnostic evaluations by PCR for hemotropic agents in buffalo and cattle (n=77), existing in the same farm. There was a positivity of 74.03% of hemoparasite infection for the total population studied, prevailing Anaplasma marginale on Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma vivax and Babesia bigemina, respectively. Additionally, some DNA problems were tested by DGGE, revealing the presence of A. marginale and Mycoplasma wenyonii. The results obtained confirm a presumptive clinical situation and the validity of the molecular method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summer diet composition of cattle grazing in systems formed by Nothofagus pumilio forests (lenga) and flood meadows, in Northwest of Chubut, was determined. Forage availability in flood meadows and understory were estimated by cutting aboveground biomass. Cattle diet composition was assessed using faeces microhistological analysis. Diet consisted mainly of Poaceae and Cyperaceae species, which decreased in frequency at the end of summer grazing, on the other hand, frequency of woody species including lenga saplings, increased at the same period. Cattle selected grass species in both periods, and also lenga saplings in the end of summer. Livestock is an important economic activity for the inhabitants of the region. This paper provides information that can be for the elaboration of guideline for sustainable coexistence of forest and cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is a high priority issue for those factors involved in agricultural production and consumer safety. In this context, plant poisoning in livestock causes the elimination of the highly damaging compounds that repeatedly reach the consumer through milk and meat from animals intoxicated. A relevant example is Pteridium spp., a highly invasive fern able to dominate in cattle grassing areas, with attention to Latin American Andean regions. This paper provides a holistic approach to this issue using the example of Enzootic Bovine Hematuria (EBH), a clinical entity caused by ingestion the of Pteridium spp. containing the carcinogenic norsesquiterpene ptaquiloside that can reach high levels in the plant influenced by environmental and phenology factors occasioning malignant neoplasias in the bladder, with fatal outcome. The ptaquiloside removal of milk from cows exposed to constant consumption of the toxic fern represents a potential hazard for consumers as well. Hence, it has been emphasized the need of implementing surveillance and prevention actions, and paying a close attention to milk safety in grassing areas with EBH and thereby minimizing the risk of gastric cancer of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has as objective to propose some fundamental aspects for the technological adoption in the dual purpose bovine system. This proposal establishes that the technological innovation process begins with the description of the production unit, its objectives and its present situation with emphasis in the area to be applied. Then, it is important to identify the necessity to be solved and the more appropriate technological alternative. Whatever the reason, the investments must be profitable. After this, the flexibility of the technology must be identified in order to adequate it to the particular characteristics of the production unit, both at the present and in the near future. It is important to verify the producer's genuine interest in the technology adoption as well as the financial resources required. It should be taken into account that a particular technology that functions well in a particular production unit could not be successful in another, and vice versa. For this, the technology must be completely adopted, the personal properly trained and the correspondent modifications to the animal production system made. Once the technology has been adopted, it is important to evaluate the biological (animal and environment) and economic impacts on the system to assure the complete recuperation of the investment. In conclusion, the technological innovation is a learning process where resources should be continuously analyzed and adequated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the low production of high quality fodder and environmental issue related to livestock at the regional level, this paper presents the results o research conducted in livestock production systems of tropical high Cauca Department, among the municipalities Silvia, Totoro, and Sotará Puracé. The study aimed to establish a baseline of tree and shrub species with fitness forage utilization in beef production systems for cold climates department dropping a line resulted in 17 families are currently being used by different arrangements livestock. La research systems developed from the recognition and primary data collection with the help of local producers, followed by th systematization and analysis for the identification of those species with highe occurrence and use. Although there were a significant number of species further study is necessary in some of these, since information about thei phenological development and behavior in cattle production systems is still unknown. Thus, the findings constitute a source of information for the design of livestock production systems more efficient in cold climates, while the basis for the formulation of future research proposals related to the field of agroforestry regional ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of La Granja, de Ciencias de la Vida is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)