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Throughout the 19th century, in the context of setting up the new republican order, the humanization of physical punishments was promoted. As part of a cultural climate affected by the individualization of the body, modern educational trends questioned the excessive punishment of children. This paper discusses the reviews of such disciplinary practices in Buenos Aires elementary schools and its countryside, with the aim of reflecting on how this "civilized awareness" process struggled for a punishment economy to design--at the end of the century--a new ethical code of honor and virtue based on self-discipline as the kind of behavior that should be adopted by future citizens of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will analyze the level of conflict of teachers in the eighties in Argentina. We will do so through the study of the teacher union of the province of Santa Fe and of the 1988 strike that had a major national impact. This protest took different names, such as "Maestrazo", "White Demonstration" or "White Strike", but they all referred to the same scenario: mass mobilization encouraged by teachers and their union representatives in a troubled political, economic and cultural context at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the official proposal for recent history teaching. For such purpose, we draw on national education laws (1993 and 2006), the curricula approved from 1995 to present for the secondary level (at the national level and at the Province of Buenos Aires) and regulations of the commemorations--especially March 24th and September 16th--. This analysis will be made in relation to the representations of memory and the progress of historiography about recent past, to consider up to what extent school contents have witnessed an impact due to changes in these narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Modernity there was formed an idea of the body centred on the regulation of the life of the population (bios) and on the "disciplinamiento" of the body of the individuals (biopoder). In the beginning of the 20th century in Argentine, in the context of the "social question", one appealed to the representations concerning the idea of the social body and of the body of the individuals. To the body of the Nation he imagined it under the notions of disease and health, integration and exclusion. Since then, the metaphors of the social body have not stopped being present in the rhetoric of the national discourse in different contexts. This paper study the diffusion and intervention of the medical speech (hygienist and eugenista) in the school institution by the intention of acting on the body of the small students to the effects of moralizing his behaviors and of guaranteeing an integral formation that was preserving his physical and intellectual health while they were estimated as the civil futures of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]