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The research field on textbooks for Music Education is relatively recent, a fact that brings yet a timid corpus or researches. Concerning digital textbooks, those researches are even scarcer. This paper discusses the digital solutions for Music Education in basic schooling in Brazil, and elect as study objects the «Teacher's digital textbooks» for Art/Music Education, distributed by the Brazilian federal textbook program known as PNLD, in its 2020 edition. The theoretical framework is related to "manualistics" and studies connected to the concepts of schooling culture. The main method of this research is the document analysis taking as object the twenty eight digital art/music textbooks approved by the 2020 PNLD program. The results show that: digital textbooks became a reality in the Brazilian public textbook programs; the nature of those textbooks are still being shaped what is revealed by a variety of contours and structures, different of what happens in the printed version of textbooks, usually seen as more uniformed; the didactic models of those digital textbooks are, in general, still conservative, revealing a tendency of maintaining methodological models of the printed books. Finely, this research allows highlighting the efforts in offering better Art/Music digital textbooks to Brazilian students, enabling a dialogue with aspects of the contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the behavior of a group of industrial multinational subsidiaries located in Brazil in the period 2003-2019. In this context, their surplus increased substantially because of the rise in commodity prices. For this reason, we intend to analyze the destination of the surplus towards non-productive uses. The methodology used incorporated accounting data that were processed to construct useful variables within the disciplinary framework of political economy and economics for economic development. Through this, it was possible to measure the capital flight and financial investments of the selected companies. This paper ties in with the debate on financialization, global productive changes and the forms these phenomena take in developing countries. Despite the surplus increase, the selected firms lost productive density because they promoted non-productive uses, in a general context of the Brazilian economy characterized by financialization and deindustrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the political violence, censorship, and state terrorism in the first years of the Brazilian military dictatorship in United States' press, especially through the coverage of The New York Times. The research aims to offer more details about how the paper's coverage affected the change in public opinion inside and outside Brazil, with the hardening of the Brazilian dictatorship with the AI-5, that also documented institutionally the process of transition between the ideas of "revolution" and "military dictatorship", considering also, in this context, the Alliance for Progress' policies, idealized by the president Kennedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its appearance in 2020, Brazil and Mexico have been among the most affected countries in the world by covid-19. Their respective presidents, Jair Bolsonaro and Andrés Manuel López Obrador (known as AMLO), have played a leading role in specific policies during the pandemic. Their choices were both singular and counter- intuitive. On the health front, AMLO initially underplayed the seriousness of the situation, and the Brazilian president, Bolsonaro, defended a frankly negationist attitude, with a dramatic balance sheet, without his popularity being seriously affected. On the economic front, they have chosen policies that contradict not only each other but also their own supposed ideological stances. Bolsonaro, who is ranked on the far right, has implemented an emergency transfer program on a scale comparable to those of developed countries and the most massive the country has ever seen. Conversely, AMLO, considered a progressist, provided just a minimum policy package, maintaining his previous electoral program. By adopting a comparative approach and mobilizing a unique and diversified set of data, the objective of this paper is to explore these apparent contradictions. After having established the precise diagnosis of the policies implemented to deal with the crisis and the economic and health situation in the two countries during the 2020-2022 period, we propose an original interpretation grid of the central role played by the two presidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the short story "2035", by Veronica Stigger, focusing in its construction over a boundary zone between the history of the Ragamuffin War and the constructed imaginary about this conflict inside South Brazil literary system. At first, studies of how the Ragamuffin War was represented in the history of literature are reviewed. Then, some pieces of news are analyzed for the purpose of understanding how the literary imaginary impacts contemporary thought in crystallizing a Ragamuffin War's romantic interpretation. Finally, "2035" is explored specifically in how this story dialogues with the history of South Brazil literature and with the contemporary popular discursiveness, rearranging the Ragamuffin War's romantic symbolism to express another side of the same myth. The results show how Stigger creates a "reverse imaginary" to Ragamuffin War, through a dystopian filter directed to what would be its bicentenary; the traditional ode to the Ragamuffin War's alleged republican values of liberty and equality is subverted in a representation of the elitist interests of those who idealized this revolution, of the not so triumphant side of this combat, of all the blood shed during this period and of the mysticism that involves the evoking of the Ragamuffin's past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an in-depth reflection on the role of utopias in political projects that intervene in international relations, this article aims to analyse the change of direction of Brazil's foreign policy in the period 2003-2022. This involves observing the transformation of the country's international action, from a position of defender of the Global South to one of champion of the West. To this end, this proposal will make use of the information offered by primary sources --official documents and speeches of the presidency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs-- and secondary sources --analysis of academic publications--. With this in mind, it will provide an extensive theoretical introduction, through which it will genealogically address utopian thinking in the discipline of International Relations and the field of Foreign Policy Analysis. Subsequently, it will define two discursive strategies that allude to antagonistic projects of international insertion based on opposing utopian imaginaries, and which have guided the Brazilian worldview of international reality in the first two decades of the twenty-first century: the Brazil of the Global South and the Brazil of the West. By way of conclusion, the paper will offer some final reflections, highlighting the role played by both representations in Brazil's domestic and international projection for the government's term of office that started in 2023. It is understood that both worldviews have their origins in Brazil's tradition of international thought, but also incorporate variables that refer to transnational utopian projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se inserta en el campo de los estudios de la poesía oral, más específicamente el de las competencias de poetry slam, tomando como caso el Slam Coalkan, primer evento indígena a nivel mundial en ese formato, realizado en 2021 a través de una colaboración entre festivales de Brasil y Canadá, que reunió poetas de los hemisferios sur y norte de Abya Yala. A partir de una observación crítica, este estudio describe y analiza dicho campeonato, enfatizando la importancia de la oralidad para las culturas de los pueblos originarios, la cual es la protagonista en un contexto como el de los poetry slams. Anclado en referencias teóricas sobre literatura indígena, el estudio pretende resaltar la necesidad de una atenta escucha a las voces de esos sujetos históricamente silenciados y marginados que ponen de relieve saberes ancestrales en sus narrativas de lucha, emancipación y resistencia. Además, al divulgar este acontecimiento inédito, el artículo hace de su objetivo valorar y defender la legitimidad de la poesía que se produce y circula en los slams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes an economic assessment of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency. It analyzes the triangle of incompatibilities: high income inequality-reprimarization of the economy-high economic growth; and if one adds the environment, one could say the impossible squaring of the circle. The result of this impossibility is economic stagnation, persistent high inequality, deterioration of the standard of living, especially of the poorest, and serious damage to the environment through deforestation. The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have shaken an already "sick" economy and reveal the structural crisis in Brazil, as well as the turning points in the functioning of the labor market. The present ruptures suggest the political exhaustion of the current presidency and that the country is at a crossroads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of the feedback relationship that exists between inflation, its uncertainty, and the economic growth of the two main Latin American economies. A Bivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model is developed, which also allows the identification of asymmetric impacts on the conditional volatility of the product and inflation, the sample period corresponds to January 1985 to June 2019. Additionally, causality tests are developed to identify the fulfillment of the main hypotheses raised. Among the main findings is the verification of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis for both countries in most of the lags. Regarding the second hypothesis, it is found that the central bank of Mexico has presented a stabilizing behavior, while in the Brazilian case an opportunistic behavior has been identified. In the third hypothesis, no causal relationship of inflationary uncertainty towards economic growth is identified, in the case of Mexico; while, in the case of Brazil, an ambivalent causality has been identified, regarding the number of lags. Finally, in the fourth hypothesis we find results that corroborate, mainly for both economies, a positive effect from inflation on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the application of the transparency laws of Brazil and Spain in a comparative perspective, seeking to know what mechanisms housed in these websites facilitate the access of the citizens to the information and to check, at the same time, the degree of application of transparency laws. Therefore, the type of research chosen is descriptive with a comparative approach, and as a procedure used usability tests on the institutional transparency sites of Brazil and Spain. In these tests, were evaluated criteria such as technical usability, information, communication and services. We also used the bibliographic, with the documentary research method with the intention of provoking a reflection about the object studied. From the preliminary analysis of the basic bibliographies during this paper, it could be observed that there is a relationship between transparency and citizenship, and understanding this phenomenon is important to understand if the tools that facilitate transparency are capable of influencing the practices of good governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates wage discrimination against workers with disabilities, as well as its interactions with other social markers of inequality, gender and race/color, using data from the 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE). Four types of disability are investigated: visual, hearing, motor, and mental. A multivariate regression model controlling for occupational fixed effects was used. The results indicate that there is wage discrimination for the four types of disability analyzed. It is observed that the greatest discrimination occurs for workers with severe visual impairment, followed by physical disabilities and, lastly, mental and hearing disabilities. However, such discrimination is of small magnitude when compared to other social markers of inequality, such as gender and race/color. The effect of gender, for example, is six times greater than that of visual impairment while non-white people suffer almost four times more discrimination. When considering the accumulation of the social markers of inequality, disability, gender, and race/color, it is confirmed that black women with and without disabilities are those who suffer the most from wage discrimination in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the content of discussions held over three seminars on the theme of the heterogeneous subfield of Social Cartography in Brazil and in Latin America. It produces a reflection that represents the issues raised by those who design, develop and participate in these cartographic experiences. It cited relevant literature, but most of the contributions presented emerged from discussions that took place during these events. The research aims to contribute to the expansion of cartographic discussion in Brazil and in Latin America, which includes different perspectives and ideas about conceptual, epistemological and methodological dimensions of mapping experiences that increasingly integrate situations of cartographic disputes that are being overlapping territorial disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focus on the religious and political issue in Brazil from a socio-historical perspective. In recent years, we have seen the rise of the right-wing, anarcho-capitalist biopower in socio-political and reactionary-conservative terms in religious terms. How was the emergence of the current religious-political panorama possible? There are two complementary interpretative hypotheses: the construction of a conservative and reactionary religious-political camp and neoliberal social and economic changes. The research methodology is qualitative and primary and secondary documentary sources on contemporary Brazilian religion and politics were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing dispute between the United States of America and China finds a main area of competition around 5G, which will enable a substantial improvement in the capacity for vehicle auto-guidance, remote operations, robotics, artificial intelligence and other dual-use applications. While 5G is still emerging, the global shaping of the network infrastructure, regulations, patents and standards involves the Global South. It is an eminently global dispute for markets, but also for national security, which has gained a central place on the foreign policy agenda of most of the countries around the globe. In this context, the objective of this text is to analyze the emergent conditions of 5G in two of the main countries of the Global South, India and Brazil, within the dispute between the US and China. Through the contextualization of this dispute and its implications in India and Brazil, we seek to extract a series of preliminary reflections for other countries of the Global South. Thus, this paper contributes to a key area understanding the emergent conditions of a new phase of the mobile telecommunications paradigm developing two main cases still unexplored systematically by the literature in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PREDICTIVE SCENARIOS OF SHORELINE POSITIONING OF MATINHOS – PARANÁ (BRAZIL): SUBSIDIES FOR COASTAL MANAGEMENT. The Brazilian government launched in 2018 a National Program for Shoreline Conservation – PROCOSTA, a permanent program directed at gathering reliable information regarding the current coastline situation, predictions and identifying possible shoreline hazards. These hazards can be defined as natural phenomena that can result in material and human damages, including coastal erosion processes. This paper seeks to identify the shoreline variations, observing selected sites with erosion and to predict scenarios following the time set intervals suggested by PROCOSTA in the city of Matinhos, on the South coast of the state of Paraná – Brazil. The results are presented with possible solutions to the coastal erosion problems with the investigated data which comprises an overall analysis of the Matinhos shoreline evolution, generated from spatial and temporal images acquired from a time interval between 1951 until 2016. The sites studied near anthropogenic interference, at the shoreline and next to the mouth of the Matinhos river present scenarios suggesting that the infrastructures built on the beachfront will be reached by the sea in the next 25 years. Beaches located north of Matinhos with preserved spits vegetation have presented a more stable scenario, where erosion does not tend to reach the buildings within a period of 100 years. This paper is aware of the limitations of the temporal mapping of shorelines and it is not a prediction, but intends to be a starting point for land use and sustainable future planning, providing a base for assertive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roraima is one of the main entrances for Venezuelan migrants who have to cope with a severe humanitarian crisis. Immigration triggered an increase in the already overburdened public services. One solution involved the establishment of an Interiorization Plan to displace immigrants within Brazil. Current paper analyzes the emergence/necessity of a cooperative federalism of the municipality. The model and the plan are analyzed to see whether these factors contribute towards the effectiveness of host public policies for Venezuelan immigrants and refugees. Current deductive and hermeneutic paper investigates the structure of the cooperative federal state, financial autonomy and federative independence and the needs of effectiveness of host public policies. Results show cooperation as a path to achievement and the establishment of a compensatory fund which would minimize expenses when migratory waves occur in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at analyzing two types of eristic argumentative interactions held in CNN Brazil YouTube channel: an interaction between debaters and mediators in the 'Debate 360' show and an interaction between the comments of the social network users about the same debate. The study draws on Plantin's (2008) interactional perspective on argumentation, on Amossys's (2018) view on argumentative polemics, on Walton's (1998) conception of eristic dialogue and on Culpeper's (2011) and Blitvich's (2010) discussion on interactive impoliteness. The corpus is composed, in terms of the debate, of twelve argumentative interventions and, in terms of comments, of a chain of nine utterances, all of them characterized by the instantiation of eristic features. The analysis focuses on (1) the interaction between two specialists, mediated by two journalists, about a controverse theme - the usage of hydroxichloroquine on Covid-19 patients, and (2) the interaction between the social network users in reaction to the debaters' argumentation. The study shows which characteristics of polemics are instantiated in both interactions, specifies the features of the eristic dialogue that characterize the interactions and indicates how impoliteness acts are associated with argumentation. The results enable to comprehend how eristic argumentative interactions work in the digital environment and how the formation of ideological bubbles affords opportunities for conflicts of opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first decade of the 21st century, São Paulo's State Government, in Brazil, promoted the construction of a series of schools designed by different local architectural firms, using a system of prefabricated pieces that allowed adapting the projects to the sites and demands of each region, keeping the budget under control. This initiative allowed building dozens of buildings, relieving the school deficit of the most impoverished regions of the state and promoting the construction of public buildings with great social impact by a whole generation of architects. This paper presents the Prefabricated Schools Program guidelines, promoted by the Foundation for the Development of Education (FDE, in Portuguese) illustrating it with seven projects that showcase the architectural richness achieved by the firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carries out a comparative study between the legal questions that surrogate pregnancy raises in Spain and in Brazil. Surrogate motherhood is a reality achieved thanks to the advances in biomedicine and that undoubtedly requires a response from legal science. In the world scene, this technique receives different legal treatments: some countries authorize it without restrictions, others prohibit it, in others it is allowed with restrictions and in others there is a legislative vacuum. The importance of studying the two systems, the Spanish and the Brazilian, lies in confronting totally different realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on a fieldwork carried out in the lands of a former rural property in Northeastern Brazil. I consider the history of this property as told by its old inhabitants, who still live there. I intend to demonstrate that the content as well as the social dynamics of their narrations leave out the experiences and the accounts of women. Also, the categories of social sciences that I take to the fieldwork are predominantly associated with masculine experiences. In this paper I explore the marginalized narratives that fall outside the history of this place. In these, specific gender experiences emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coffee is a highly mycotrophic plant, its interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been studied among different tropical countries. The majority of the published works indicates that coffee is benefited from the mycorrhizal association, where the AMF confers protection against pathogens and diseases, increases water absorption, as well as it increases the adaptation of the plant at transplant from nurseries to the main plantation. Objective: A review was made where we summarized and analyze the research reports of AMF with coffee from at least the past 10 years, focused on AMF global species distribution, nutritional benefits of the association and interaction with pathogens. Methods: We retrieved available bibliographic data from coffee producer countries in public databases. We considered published works from 2000 to 2019, nevertheless, we included classic papers on the topic, outside that period, mainly the ones performed in Brazil since 1986. We organized the number of reported species per country, we look for synonyms, grouped them by family, genera and species. The reports that only reported genera or where ambiguous were used as reference but not considered for the final analysis. We summarized the reports of the benefits of the AMF interaction in coffee, as well as pathogen tolerance. Results: The collected data shows that there are more than 100 AMF species associated with coffee, which represents more than a third part of the total of reported species worldwide. We found that Colombia has the highest richness, but it also has the highest number of published reports. Conclusions: This information shows the benefits of the incorporation of AMF to coffee plantation programs, because these fungi are a key element in coffee plant nutrition, nevertheless, the coffee variety should be considered when introducing AMF, as not all associations has been efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article has as objective to analyze the emergence in El Salvador of family farming and the social category family farmer. To that purpose, this article uses mainly two theoretical concepts: family farming and policy transfer. Evidence suggests that the appropriation of the social category "family farmer" in El Salvador responds to an update of formerly used concepts small producer or commercial producer. Hence, it's not possible to find technical, theoretical or methodological grounds to justify the use of family farmer as new social category in El Salvador. The adoption of family farmer comes as a result of a policy transfer enhanced by three vectors: political affinity between Brazil's and El Salvador's presidents, bureaucrat's paper and work performed by intergovernmental organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes debt securitization in underdeveloped countries, using the case of Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. We argue that the three countries have had a significant increase in the issuance of debt securities. However, the nature of the securities issued is different in each nation. In the case of Argentina, the increase in international debt securities in circulation has to do with the issuance of government securities. In Mexico, the increase is more related to the new financing needs of Mexican non-financial corporations. While in Brazil, the increase in the issuance of debt securities is due to a combination of both factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the relationship between organizations belonging to the sharing economy and their practices, behaviors and postures in organizational communication due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus. We define the sharing economy (or collaborative economy) as the goods and services provided by the digital platforms of the network through the sharing of resources and trust. We take as a premise the compulsory digitalization that many businesses have been subjected to and we started the reflection from there. Our analysis, based on bibliographic and exploratory research, was located in brands chosen intentionally, in Brazil and Portugal, seeking to reflect on the context of covid-19 and its respective communication actions in their digital properties or in their social media profiles. We illustrated strategies for exposure and communicational visibility from March until August 2020, reaching a reflection on the urgency to act actively in social demands, characterizing them as social brands. In our understanding, a social brand has a strong presence in digital, stands out with good communication practices and, above all, has a performance strategy that goes beyond its business or direct profit not only during a period of crisis, but also aware of its social role and the impact that its responsible performance generates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the role of supreme courts of justice in some of the recent removals from office of progressive "pink tide" Latin American presidents and governments where so-called "new right" governments have taken power. It shows the composition of the supreme courts to be a decisive factor in removing these governments from power. The core hypothesis is that the judiciary may have served as a body for legitimating interruption and dismissal processes led by the legislature in contexts of institutional paralysis (or conflict with the executive branch). To demonstrate this, the case of Brazil is analysed and specifically the role played by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in the dismissals of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand how contemporary Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER by its acronym in Portuguese) in Brazil has been shaped, seeking to find the determinants for its configuration. To achieve this objective, the legislation that regulates ATER - PNATER, PRONATER and ANATER public policies - was verified. Relevant events for extension service were also investigated, such as the creation of INCRA, CATI, ACAR, EMBRATER, EMBRAPA, CNDR, CNDRS and CONDRAF. The discussions, based on documents and literature review, have revealed that contemporary ATER is based on sustainable rural development, although the practice is not yet a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archivos de Zootecnia reached its 264 issue during 2019. In the present editorial report, we address the facts and figures derived from the editorial process during the past yearly editorial cycle. Archivos de Zootecnia would like to express its sincere gratitude to the Section Editors involved in the editorial process as well as the Reviewers without whose work our labour, otherwise would not be possible. 646 new members have registered in the website. A total of 544 manuscripts have been submitted. Brazil was the most contributing country, however the percentage of submissions remarkably decreased (52.56%) in favour of an increase of the submissions by authors from other countries. Therefore, the most frequently used language in the manuscripts was Portuguese, followed by English. 79 works were published in 2019: 66 articles, 10 short notes and 3 reviews. Published papers came from 15 countries. The two main topics the articles published were about were "Nutrition and Feeding" (30.77%) and "Breeding and genetics" (14.10%); while the most frequent species the works dealt with was cattle (14.10%). Editorial times between the reception and publication of the manuscripts have cotinued reducing from the previous years' reports. CiteScore reached a value of 0.44, placing the journal at a Q3 position in Scopus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the analysis of a specific conjuncture, "Cracolândia" in São Paulo, Brazil, and the "De Braços Abertos" program, this article discusses the complex relationships between drug use and the formulation of public policies directed to the care of users. In methodological terms, this work is based on the qualitative research by using semistructured interviews with thirteen key informants. The empirical material was analyzed from the content thematic analysis and the intersectionality perspective, especially from the theoretical contributions of the "difference" category. The results point out that "differences" are marked by gender, race and social position in the society, reinforcing stigmas and their different impacts on social relations. This paper contributes to the debate on the need to formulate different approaches to the specific needs and demands of populations or social classification categories regarding drug public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the role played by Henrique Morize in the organization of the Brazilian expedition that went to Sobral in the state of Ceará to observe the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919. This description is justified by the emphasis given to the event by Morize himself. For the Brazilian astronomer, what really was at stake was to show that his institution could perform ordinary scientific tasks, which was not always the case with the National Observatory, since the support of the federal government was not regular. In order to support this interpretation, various documents such as letters, articles and statements from Morize and colleagues will be quoted, in particular the report on that event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the objectives of sustainable development (OSD) established in September 2015, in an agreement signed by 193 countries at the United Nations General Assembly, from the perspective of Critical Environmental Education. The specific objectives were: to present the concept of Environmental Education in the critical perspective; to know the objectives of sustainable development; to analyze the OSD in the perspective of Critical Environmental Education. The research question listed was: are there possible approaches to think of the achievement of OSD, through an Environmental Education in its critical aspect? In the present work we start from the assumption that Environmental Education in its critical aspect is defined in Brazil from a matrix that sees education as an element of social transformation, inspired by dialogue, in the exercise of citizenship, in the strengthening of subjects, in the overcoming capitalist forms of domination and understanding the world in its complexity. At the end, it is evident that Environmental Education, in its critical, emancipating and transforming aspect of reality, shows itself as a viable path for the pursuit of the sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper, one of the products derived from the author's doctoral thesis, is to indicate how the current Brazilian Constitution innovates to define cultural heritage and establish measures for its preservation. With this purpose, the author makes a genealogy of the so-called "Cartas Políticas" of Brazil, which addressed heritage issues. Without examining the process that led to their formation in depth, this paper aims to demonstrate how the current Constitution extends the concept of heritage, albeit with some limitations, such as the naturalization of cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the historical narratives of women publishers in Brazil are scarce or non-existent, our goal in this work is to record, as completely as possible, the editorial history and the work of women publishers in the country, especially in the 20th and 21st centuries, beginning with two case studies. In this paper, we present a set of relevant characters both to understand Brazilian publishing practices and to sketch the history of the occupation of public spaces by contemporary women. More in particular, we present two examples of publishing houses directed by women who work in the contemporary Brazilian literary scene: the publishers of Chão da Feira (Belo Horizonte/Lisbon/São Paulo) and Relicário (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims at identifying the fundraising strategies used by the Social Observatory in Sorriso-Mato Grosso, Brazil (OSSAEMT by its abbreviation in Spanish) during the period between 2010 and 2015. This study was based on a qualitative, exploratory, case study perspective. For the collection of data, semistructured interviews were carried out, containing a total of six open questions and four closed ones. Three managers who were members of executive boards between the years 2010 and 2015 were interviewed, after that the analysis of content was applied. The research outcomes lead to the identification of a poorly recognized institution due to low disclosure, fact that can become an obstacle for the raising of financial funds. These results also show that during the three management periods, the same fundraising strategies were applied: visits to companies for work disclosure, financial transparency for society, relationship with potential donators, and participation in events and conferences; however, only one manager used a new strategy for raising financial funds in the short term: selling stamps, indicating the need for organizational professionalism and the development of innovative strategies to effectively achieve goals and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hegemonic masculinity has distanced heterosexually active men from the responses to the HIV epidemic. However, with the combined prevention paradigm, postexposure prophylaxis offers new ways to manage the risks of HIV infection, while at the same time bringing about new challenges. The aim of this paper is to discuss - through the lens of gender and masculinities - how heterosexually active men perceive their HIV risk and how they manage prevention methods and strategies, including post-exposure prophylaxis. Employing qualitative methods, 16 heterosexually active men in five health services from different Brazilian cities were interviewed. The analysis indicates that condom use - the main prevention method - was conditioned by subjective and contextual factors, and its failure stands out as the primary reason for seeking out post-exposure prophylaxis. We argue that ideals of hegemonic masculinity permeate perceptions and risk management discourses in the current context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the phenomenon of radicalization into online conversation, especially through social network sites. Then, we analyze comments posted by Facebook users on Brazilian newspapers' fan pages on that social medium. 628,057 comments mentioning at least one of the main candidates during the campaign were classified. The article discusses some aspects of radicalization, so it analyzes two specific variables: reflexivity and form of comments. Results show that social media, even though they open a space for dialog, give place to debates in which participants prioritize criticism or praise for candidates, and they basically lead to persuasion and radicalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how the theme policy of communication had treated by the Workers’ Party (PT) over the years in its government plans. The analysis comprises 25 years, between 1989 and 2014. During this period were held seven elections for the Brazilian president, and four terms were elected Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). It is adopted as a methodology a documental research and content analysis of the proposals submitted by the PT candidates. The study reveals inconsistencies between party orientations in this field and government practices, as well as evidence that the PT’s commitment to regulate communication was fading with each disputed election. The party itself has recently recognized that one of the misconceptions committed during the four terms of office was not to have democratization of the media as one of the priority tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between fiscal and monetary policy coordination and fiscal multipliers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. To do so, we first look at the theoretical framework of the New Consensus Macroeconomics (NCM), and then analyze the trends in the four countries for variables including consumption, investment, government spending, and interest rates. Finally, we present an estimate of the spending and monetary multipliers with proxy variables. The contribution of this paper consists of one, showing the inexistence of the crowding out effect, and two, quantifying the multipliers for the aforementioned countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the impact of the adoption of fair value on the volatility of the results and reserves of Brazilian banks. The sample consisted of 73 banks, which represented, in June 2002, 95.93% of total assets in the national system. We conducted a comparative analysis between the volatilities, with and without the effects of the new regulation, and investigated if there is some symptom of utilization of practices for smoothing the benefits, related to the items of adjustments to fair value. The results of our research revealed that, as opposed to expectations, the new criterion in question has not increased volatility but, on the opposite, has exhibited symptoms of smoothing of benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating through a coherent and instrumental logic, networks form systems that, allowing the circulation of capital, preside over the geographical space's reproduction and evolution, fracturing to each country in quick and slow men, in luminous and lethargic areas. Finances don't avoid this general law. In this paper, the reorganization of the financial network and bank system in Argentina during the period 1991-2008 is studied to characterize the current rationalization and fragmentation's process of national territory. The analysis of objects, actions and norms that compose that peculiar division of labor and the interpretation of external (international crisis, global regulations, foreign capital accumulation strategies) and internal factors (paper of national State, circuit's technical and political development, relationships with other spatial forms and structures) that govern it -through indicators as bank system's globalization and economic concentration, territorial densities bank tissue, their automation level and money-capital movements- will reveal, to provincial and departmental scale, the fully integrated luminous and excluded lethargic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between the financial instability generated by shortterm capital flows in the absence of control mechanisms and the restrictions facing the implementation of counter-cyclical fiscal policies in the inflation-targeting regime, using as a springboard the recent financial crises in, specifically, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, showing how an increase in the issuance of public bonds to, via interventions in the exchange rate market, sterilize the effects of short-term capital flows on the monetary base is a source of endogenous instability, because this mechanism entails risks for the exchange rate and interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is a signatory to various international treaties against gender violence and has a specific law on the issue: the "Maria da Penha" Law (LMP), the tenth anniversary of the approval of which was in 2016. This law is the first systematic mechanism against gender violence in the country. This paper analyses the validity of this legislation over these ten years, studies the mechanisms created to halt domestic violence against women and assesses their effectiveness. Finally, some current challenges for the policy combating gender violence in Brazil are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: know the meanings produced by students from dialogues of health care and the environment. Methodology: a qualitative study with 65 students of two schools of the Pelotas/RS/Brazil. The data were collected from September to August/2011/2012. The material analyzed in this paper was produced at the end of 18 workshops from essays and speeches written by focus groups. Results: it was observed that the process of participation at the workshops created a close liaison between health care encompassing the human relationship with the environment. The dynamic provided the motivation for adopting collective conscious, ethical attitudes, gesture of citizenship and ressignification of the values and symbology, including in these medicinal plants. Conclusion: the health and environmental issues can be optimized and experienced in an enjoyable way when worked interconnected with the individual's culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the engagement of community communication initiatives and their constitutive organizations in the regulatory process of di-gitization at different countries like Brazil and Spain. It is a comparative case study between these two countries, their differences and similarities of their political and cultural aspects that need to be highlighted: they're at different moments of the transition to the digitalization of TV transmission; they have different structure and involvement from constituted organizations of community communication initiatives and have different and complex governments in regard to the proximity of community communication questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of fundamentals and the net positions of speculators in determining the Brazilian exchange rate from April 2002 to August 2012. Based on a cointegrated svar model, we found empirical evidence to support our hypothesis that the microeconomic approach (Evans and Lyons, 2002) and the monetary model (Bilson, 1978) to determine the exchange rate are consistent with one another. Unlike in other empirical studies, our analysis demonstrates that the net positions of speculators and economic fundamentals constitute two channels (one liquidity-related, the other information-related) that can contribute to explaining the dynamics of the Brazilian exchange rate in the short and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the views about human development by youth university students from Unespar, Brazil, aiming to understand their perceptions based on the diversity of its judgments, in order to assess their views and comprehend the interrelationships and joints with the social environment. The research was conducted from an interdisciplinary perspective in the social sciences, based on the appreciative inquiry methodology. The study showed that students have a human view of development, assigning great significance to education and recognizing gender equality, race and sex as one of the most important elements of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to analyze 90 children's books dealing with Physical Education and Sport published in Brazil. Five study variables were established: literary genres, mediums, pagination, status as part of a collection related to sports, and the version of the publication. To develop the investigation, the technique of documentary analysis was utilized. Results: a) the literary genre "narrative" presents the biggest incidence in the children's books (with 93,33%); b) the medium "paper" is predominant in the children's books (with 90%); c) books not paginated are more frequent among the ones published in Brazil (with 73,33%); d) a little more than half of the children's books (51,11%) is part of a collection related to sports; e) there are a predominance of original children's books (with 96,67%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the Brazilian health system, which includes a public sector covering almost 75% of the population and an expanding private sector offering health services to the rest of the population. The public sector is organized around the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and it is financed with general taxes and social contributions collected by the three levels of government (federal, state and municipal). SUS provides health care through a decentralized network of clinics, hospitals and other establishments, as well as through contracts with private providers. SUS is also responsible for the coordination of the public sector. The private sector includes a system of insurance schemes known as Supplementary Health which is financed by employers and/or households: group medicine (companies and households), medical cooperatives, the so called Self-Administered Plans (companies) and individual insurance plans. The private sector also includes clinics, hospitals and laboratories offering services on out-of-pocket basis mostly used by the high-income population. This paper also describes the resources of the system, the stewardship activities developed by the Ministry of Health and other actors, and the most recent policy innovations implemented in Brazil, including the programs saúde da Familia and Mais Saúde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to analyze the determinants of social policies in Brazilian states. More specifically, it examines public spending in the areas of health and education and explores the possible causes of observed changes in the long run. The theoretical motivation for the paper is based on a literature review that affirms that, at the state level, the executive is unchecked within the political system and that, in addition, the rationale for the creation of public policies is, above all, linked to the individual objectives of the governor. Meanwhile, based on our findings, we discarded invalid hypotheses regarding the non-existence of any positive effect of the ideology of the governor on the level of social spending and regarding the absence of any negative impact of the number of commissions, even in governments controlled by the left, on this spending. [TRANSLATION]

This paper proposes an analysis based on the ethnography in sex clubs and sex bars for men in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The paper examines how the different markers that operate in such areas are being melted to produce desirable bodies and subjects. I locate these sites in the broader market for commercial sexual encounters among men in the city, exploring social conventions and practices that permeate the body, sexual practices and erotic choices. This is a starting point for inquiring the ways in which certain stereotypes of "masculinity" are provided with meaning and are embodied. I also propose a revision of the erotic choices and sexual practices, which challenges the idea of eroticism expressed by thinkers such as Georges Bataille. According to him, gender is fixed and crystallized, is linked to sexual dimorphism of sex/gender positions. The body "violated", passive and penetrated, is "feminine"- the opposite of the "masculine" ones, the "active", that penetrates. This design underlines the erotic within the heterosexual matrix, which prevents thinking beyond or outside the limits of its rules. Following post-structuralist thinking on gender and sexuality, as well as queer theory, I wonder if we could try to deconstruct the erotic in other terms, in order to interpret anthropologically the practices, discourses and talks discussed here as potentially transgressive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]