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The objective of this research is to carry out an analysis of the economic factors that influenced the Amazon chestnut exports from Peru to the US, with economic data from 2015 to 2020. The study is one of an applied, descriptive type with longitudinal design, using the database expressed in current terms of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP) and the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Risk (MINAGRI), through the document review technique and the use of an observation guide based on the pre-established indicators on Amazon chestnut exports per year. The research answered the question about economic factors, transforming current quantities into constants in order to consider price variations and seasonality inherent to the item. It was possible to demonstrate that the existing relationship of the factors (production of external competitors, the exchange rate and internal production) are those that explain the variation in the chestnut exports, in addition to checking their influence statistically on shipments made from Peru to the US market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we intend to substantiate the usefulness of Deep Learning, especially feedforward neuronal networks, in the prediction of business failure. This methodology provides very good results in terms of predictive performance when large sample sizes are available. Therefore, we have developed a business failure prediction model for European companies, based on this algorithm on a sample of 61,624 companies, of which 12,128 were declared bankrupt in 2016. As independent variables were considered ratios, and economic and financial data obtained from the financial statements for the year preceding the date of failure. Deep Learning achieves a predictive performance of 94%, where companies with larger size and lower solvency are more prone to failure. The obtained results have been tested on an independent test sample, different from that used to estimate and train the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes six instrumental arguments that ecosocialism, one of the main sensibilities of political ecologism, has offered in support of workplace democracy. Its aim is to determine whether this proposal is, apart from its possible coherence from a normative perspective, an effective tool to achieve their social, economic and environmental goals. The first section reviews the main features of ecosocialism and the concept of economic democracy. Then, we present the six instrumental arguments and analyze their validity according to the results of different case studies. The text concludes with a reflection about the role of democratic management of production units in the practical realization of the social and economic model advocated by ecosocialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la estimación de equivalencias de escala en los estudios económicos modernos. El autor comenta sobre el análisis del consumo económico y describe el concepto de los precios de Lewbel, los cuales determinan el precio de un producto según su demanda. También se analizan los modelos matemáticos relacionados con este tema económico.

El artículo discurre sobre la modelación matemática del estudio económica en el campo académico. El autor comenta sobre la ideología económica actual del siglo 21 y describe el proceso del análisis económico a través de estos modelos matemáticos. También se considera la historia y la evolución del estudio académico de la economía.

The central objective of the present essay is to locate the Applied Statistics as one of the most useful quantitative techniques, --although no the only one - for the integral direction of organizations, both public, private and social. For it, will first be described a general conception of metabolism of organizations, understanding it as the interaction of two worlds: the world of "things" and the Infra-World "meanings". Subsequently, will be characterized the Integral Direction process. Immediately, will be developed a general methodology for the implementation of statistical tools as a support for organizational management World of "things". Finally, will be located, by way of example, the application of some of these quantitative tools in directive decision-making situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project proposes a simulation model based on discrete-event simulation (DES) developed with ARENATM. This model represents the operation of a large sow farm. The main objective of this research is to identify a good-enough replacement policy that guarantees the best economic outcome of the farm under analysis over time. The main decision variable is the maximum number of cycles allowed for the sows' lifespan in the herd. Main income comes from the sales of piglets and less from culled sows, while the costs considered are those by feeding the animals, acquisition of gilts and operating costs incurred in the farm. The complexity of herd management, stochastic nature and interdependence between several factors in this system, make DES as an adequate methodology. The system was modeled through three stages according to physiological states of sows, and the sow's migration between them is modeled through transition probabilities dependent on the reproductive cycle considered (i.e. number of parity). Input data was borrowed from literature and official statistics of Spanish sow farms. Output data was evaluated through of averaged daily profit. The result showed that considering eight reproductive cycles is the best alternative in the farm management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay intends to show that globalization is nothing new, and how bad it has been treated in Latin America. Globalization is not either good or bad; as a strategy, it should adjust to the context realities. Each region of the world has its own qualities and comparative advantages, which should be used in its own benefit and not for the benefit of the richest countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in time series analysis reflect a growing need for developing models which allow capturing their different characteristics. Such is the case of structural changes, in which, very frequently, its presence affects the analysis of the series in a very important way. Different approaches to the modeling problem of structural changes have been made, which cover the calculation of known or unknown points, the representation of simple or multiple the influence of stationary or not immigrants, among others. The objective of this paper is to present recent developments in the field of structural changes modeling and to show how they affect identification of the model, its future and stability tests. If the development in this field had been growing, there are still in literature some spaces open to research, mainly related one with non-linear time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the understanding of inflation forecasts as an intermediate policy objective, this paper evaluates forecasts of different inflation models in Colombia during the inflation targeting (IT) period. The evaluation is done using three different statistical methodologies. The results suggest that the best models, in terms of precision, are the Food's Relative Price and the traditional P* models. Additionally, a multiplier analysis is performed over these models, in which the sensitivity of short and medium term forecasts to shocks in the exogenous variables is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]