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The current development model is structured around the intensive exploitation of natural resources, which implies the expansion of extractive activities as a source of capital accumulation. In this sense, and given the centrality of the environment-development binomial, the objective of this paper is to analyze the multiple dimensions (narrative, symbolic, cultural, political, economic, territorial, etc.) involved in the extractivist model. The proposed methodology consists of compiling bibliographic sources and carrying out a referential sampling in order to give a schematic account of the main approaches, points in common and the different ways of approaching the problem from the social sciences, as well as their contributions and limitations. The main findings show the importance of respecting the peculiarities of the case studies and the relevance of researching alternative literatures that allow a better understanding of the phenomena under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this interview with Javiera Barandiarán, Sebastián Rubiano enables us to reflect on the diversity of epistemologies revolving around Science and Technology Studies (STS) in Latin America. In an open conversation, Barandiarán shares the unique characteristics of the sociological and historical study of science in our region, including a colonial past, tensions, alliances with governments, and an ever-present extractivism. This interview enables us to observe the characteristics of the STS field in the context of the social, political, and technological challenges shared by several countries in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease linked to environmental deterioration, this article analyzes the Ecuadorian public policies on climate change as a guarantee of the human right to a healthy environment, through documentary research based on the behaviorist theory of public policies. The deductive method and the documentary analysis technique were used. Ecuador has incorporated regulations on the adaptation and mitigation of climate change, and has implemented plans and programs to eliminate greenhouse gases. However, environmental policy requires state attention, generating investment in environmental matters for national financing (public-private). The strategic health sector requires a budget in order to guarantee the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to make a methodological contribution to the study of the diverse and heterogeneous interactions between the environment and society, from Political Science. We start from the premise that the different approaches to the study of socio-environmental issues, although varied and based on diverse theories, generally do not visualize its explanatory theoretical characteristics. This situation makes methodological dialogue between them difficult and poses a difficulty for the synthesis of heterogeneous approaches. We seek to order theoretically the main approaches from Political Science (systemic, rationalist and intentional-strategic), describing its most important characteristics. Then, we root these approaches empirically, from the explanatory currents that study the social phenomena produced by the relationship between the environment and society, and we synthesize them with an integrating perspective. We propose three dynamic ideal types to integrate the approach to socio-environmental problems, opening a future agenda to deepen the methodology for the study of environmental policy, mainly in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is developed in the framework of a research project related to the main environmental demands placed on the Costa Rican public agenda, as well as the state responses between 1995-2015. The research was carried out through the review of hemerographic sources and the National Development Plans corresponding to the study period. As main results, eight topics were identified, positioned in the public discussion, and an important fragmentation of state responses in environmental matters is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuba has been hit since three years ago by a severe drought that has affected most of the country's municipalities. Response strategies should implement information and communication processes that favor efficiency, articulation, knowledge management and citizen participation. In an approach to community strategies to overcome this situation, the communication and information practices that underlie drought management in selected localities are described. The study was conducted from an interdisciplinary approach between the information and communication sciences. Among the findings, there are strong differences between the infocommunicational activity of community self-organization and the activities of water management actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators restrictions, categories, and conflicts of the livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock activity consists in environmentally recommended use in the main eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region. One of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 were identified as poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. Accordingly, the restrictions, indicators, categories, and conflicts observed in the sector were determined, to be used as recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential, as well as to set up policies, and general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From critical and postcolonial theories, and under the methodology of Critical Discourse Analysis (ACD), this research presents a representation regime analysis (RR) of the environmental discourse in Colombia. The central argument of this article advocates the idea that the RR associated with the figure of protected areas and natural parks are strongly rooted in a colonizing conservationist logic of the wild nature, typical of the United States, which has its origin in eurocentric and anthropocentric structures, in relation with nature; and that evolves over time towards a discourse of the sustainable development, by which the use and control of nature is legitimized by means of transnational or empire capitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper develops the fields of social market economy regarding the constitutional protection of the healthy and balanced environment. It also raises the challenges of public and private investment in relation to extractive industries located in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The settlement of Puerto de Boniato, in the region of Santiago de Cuba, presents a scenic site. Yet, in recent years the area's environmental qualities have deteriorated, especially those of its natural landscape, something which has affected the quality of life of the inhabitants as well as the influx of tourists to the existing recreation center. This study is based on a diagnosis and evaluation ofthe area's environmental qualities and the potential of its rural landscape for tourism, with a view to proposing a strategy for sustainable environmental management. It draws up a preliminary proposal for the environmental management of the settlement concerned and its surroundings. The preliminary design scheme proposed here has been based on a consideration of the concepts of environment, sustainability and environmental quality, with the aim of improving the quality of life of the settlement's rural inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of the environment has generated considerable debate regarding the need for specific tax policies aimed at encouraging changes in the behavior of individuals and economic operators. In Spain, the use these types of tax instruments has not produced satisfactory results given that their main purpose has been limited to the collection of taxes, overlooking their environmental function. Furthermore, preparatory work for the imminent tax reform has highlighted the opportunity to reverse this situation, although draft bills of law published to date do not appear to comply with that need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research is the webometric analysis of the main Spanish central Government sites concerning environmental issues. In this line, topography, structure, interaction, and meta-description of the contents are studied so that results can be compared with the Mexican environment websites. To achieve this, the Mbot webcrawler tool - which analyzes the site extent and dimension, the website ranking, the meta-descriptors ratio by page, the frequency analysis of the description terms and some statistical tables to estimate the sample - has been used in this academic. Because of results, several recommendations to improve the search engines indexing and remove bad practices that limit the access to public information as well as the information retrieval have been developed. It can be outlined the interplay between the Spanish environment Websites and its European counterpart, the number of unpopular information sources, syndication channels that enable public environmental information monitoring and, lastly, the ideal range of frequency of occurrence for the terms used in the meta-descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During Porifio Diaz's government, naturalistic and geographic studies of Mexican regions were fostered in order to categorize and study their natural resources for economic benefit. In particular, engineer José Narciso Rovirosa, published various studies detailing the best ways of utilizing the local flora and fauna in the Tabasco state. Consequently, the latter led to the quick transformation of its ecosystems in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Regulation of the General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Protection to the Environment (Spanish acronym LGEEPA), areas with 'priority of attention' within a territory are defined as zones presenting environmental conflicts due to antagonistic sectorial activities and areas which, due to their characteristics, deserve immediate environmental attention. The Program of General Ecological Planning of the Territory establishes these areas based on two indicators: the level of inter-sectorial conflict, which is defined in regional workshops with the participation of Federal Public Administration institutions, and the present state of the environment of 145 biophysical environmental units (BEUs) in the Mexican territory that are evaluated by means of 16 indicators of biophysical degradation, anthropic modification and socioeconomic situation. The sum total of inter-sectorial conflicts by BEU allowed the establishment of five categories (null to very high). Based on these categories, five levels of priority of attention were determined. The level of priority of attention is very high in 0.90 percent of the country's surface, high in 6.75 percent, medium in 39.40 percent, low in 21.81 percent and 31.14 percent of the national territory of Mexico currently does not need attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism sector is characterized by a natural function, which explodes and which constantly consume, bypassing the need to develop sustainably. This management cannot rest only in human consciousness, requires control mechanisms such as conducting environmental auditing entities that make up the tourist resort of Varadero, for which offers an implementation guide. The literature review supports the application of dialectical-materialist method as a general methodology of scientific knowledge. In an approach to identified the main environmental problems that manifest themselves in the territory, as the center of focus for the audit by the proposed guidance. The proposal identifies major deterioration problems, their causes and contribute to the rational use of resources and environmental protection, promoting environmental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how environmental conditions have influenced the level of development in the local population of the State of Bahía, given the growing importance of environmental issues and the lack of information on these issues in the State. To this end, the Index of Socio-Environmental Development --IDSA-- is innovative in introducing the Index of Human Development --IDH--, variables representing the environmental quality of the State municipalities. The IDSA average was 0.26, a value 0.4 points below that of the idh. Thus the study concludes that environmental quality is a significant factor in reducing the level of human development in Bahía. This has occurred principally as a result of the poor quality and availability of sanitation services provided by the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It presents the historical processes that influenced the Environmental Education Policy in Colombia between 2002- 2010, taking as axes the transformation processes of the Ministry of the Environment and the so-called Education Revolution. The research is qualitative, with a historical hermeneutic and the technique used is the documentary research. As a result, it was identified a historical context characterized by economic vision, a warlike position at the expense of social needs and a modification of structural issues at the political system in Colombia. It is concluded that these processes have affected the evolution delay and since the nineteen seventies and especially from the Constitution of 1991, settled in the various attempts to solve environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the main historical, social, and juridical history of urban planning in Colombia, as well as references of public policy on wastes and relevant standards; the article also displays a brief analysis of the relationship between implementation of urban planning and environmental public policy in Medellin City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper starts with a brief analysis of the environmental contamination in the country and its impact over land waters. The National Program Against Contamination for the period 2009-2015 is presented as an answer to the problem identified in the National Environmental Strategy 2007-2010 (EAN) and the working platform in which all national efforts are integrated in the struggle against this threat. Program objectives and targets are described as well as intended actions. It is concluded that the program is a strategic tool which, by considering conditions, needs and priorities of the country, is capable of successfully confronting the contamination problem of land waters and the other environmental components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sociology has developed methodologies to understand sociocultural aspects that determine environmental problems and motivate favorable or unfavorable behavior regarding the ecosystem. Based on a survey applied to 874 people, this essay characterizes environmental values, worldviews, social rules, perceptions and behaviors of the inhabitants of two administrative units in the territory of Bogota D.C. - Engativá with 795,836 inhabitants and Barrios Unidos with 224,654 inhabitants, according to the 2005 census. The structure and dimensions of analysis used in this study take into account the contributions and empirical research carried out by environmental sociology, which since 1972, has been recognized as a scientific subdiscipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the result of a study carried out by the Environmental law Research Area of Universidad del Rosario, within the project of environmental conflicts applied to international decisions. One of the topics discussed in this research is the analysis of relationships between Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and the Free Trade Agreement, or Trade Promotion Agreement, which was entered into by Colombia and the United States of America (Col-USA FTA) with the purpose of determining the applicable norms and the possible conflicts that may arise between these treaties. The work will analyze the legal framework of international and environmental commercial law, environmental norms applicable to the FTA and the construction of the various agreements, so as to identify the main issues and the possible mechanisms to solve conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This second part reviews the state of the practice of environmental health in Peru and it proposes policy lines of action aimed at reversing the major problems in this field. Scanning should be the professional profile that is developed in environmental health. We review which should be the challenges in environmental health, as well as, some pointers to consider for assessing the environmental health and fields that require research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counties and town councils (boroughs) have a direct, immediate and unavoidable responsibility towards the environment. A few years ago, they were not regarded as priority functions of the counties. Today they are not only a basic legal obligation, but a social commitment of the local government to the community. This paper is centered on the responsibilities that the Federal and Local Political Constitutions impose exclusively on boroughs and townships regarding public services. The way those services are delivered have a direct consequence on the local environment. Drinking water, domestic drainage, waste disposal, waste water treatment, hygiene and cleanliness of marketplaces and other services are today's challenges for the municipal authorities; if not attended to in an efficient way they will have a negative direct impact on the quality of life of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews and analyzes issues of the Illicit Crop Eradication Program with Glyphosate (ICEPG) and its Environmental Management Plan, with the aim to demonstrate that the environmental and social components have not been properly considered. From the public policy viewpoint, they are shown to fit more into a military antinarcotics strategy rather than a social and environmental strategy, as opposed to the aims contained in the instrument definition, which talks about impact compensation, prevention, and mitigation," and protection of natural resources, environment, and population's health within the direct influence areas. For this purpose, an initial review of the Program definition and component organizations is provided; the Environmental Management Plan is explained, its implementation is analyzed; the results from this verification are shown," and, finally, the respective conclusions are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The guidelines of the current national environmental policy emphasise the promotion and sustainable use of environmental goods and services. At the international level this issue has been discussed in the World Trade Organization due to the Doha Ministerial Declaration (2001). Furthermore, the topic is implicit in the present development agenda. The debate has revolved around reaching an agreement about the criterion and definitions of environmental goods and services for trade purposes. A restricted perspective about these items have prevailed the current discussion that excludes holistic approaches of the environmental economy. Goods and services related to biodiversity and ecosystems that may interest 'megadiverse' countries such as Colombia are not at the centre of the discussion. The absence of or a passive role in this debate entails the loss of benefits and opportunities for the sustainable use of natural resources which in turn is contradictory with the present environmental policy. In addition, the outcomes achieved at the WTO will have repercussions in other bilateral or regional trade agreements accorded by the country and the degree of autonomy over the control of strategic natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]