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Climate change leads to an increase in the frequency, duration and intensity of climate risks. Rising temperatures and heat waves constitute the climatic risk that causes the most deaths in Europe. More and more economic and natural implications are also being identified. Municipalities must guarantee a fair and equitable socio-ecological transition in urban centers through adaptation. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can facilitate this and several European cities are already applying them. However, smaller municipalities may be left behind. The literature identifies different incentives and barriers during the phases of adaptation policy making. The research objective of this paper is to determine the perception that technical and political managers have of this climate risk, the level of adaptation through NbS of the municipalities and the incentives and barriers that may arise in the Costa Brava Region. To do this this, seven public officials from different municipalities of Cap de Creus (Alt Empordà, Catalonia) have been interviewed. The analysis has been carried out with a mixed triangulation methodology. The main results indicate that the risk studied is not perceived as being of great concern. NbS are adaptation measures that are little known by municipalities but relevant measures in the adaption process. New incentives and barriers not identified in the literature have also emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a panoramic and comparative analysis of the legislation passed by the Autonomous Communities to tackle climate change. The Paris Agreement gives them a leading role, together with other actors, as subnational entities to face and achieve the challenges posed by climate change mitigation and adaptation. At the time of writing, only three autonomous communities have approved legislative instruments to mitigate and adapt to climate change. These are Catalonia, Andalusia, and the Balearic Islands. However, other regions have approved strategies and policies for the same purpose, and some have begun the process of approving the relevant legislation. In this paper we study the objectives to mitigate and adapt to climate change set out in these laws, the legal instruments they prescribe to achieve them, and their effective implementation and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about transference of cultural forms and contents in the novel La isla de los hombres solos (1963) by José León Sánchez and the namesake movie directed by René Cardona (1974). Precisely, it is about the filmic adaptation, transposition or transécriture: in other words, pouring narrative contents (a fabula) from words to audiovisual media. This reflection avoids the idea that a literary text is, by definition, superior to a movie. In contrast, it takes not only the novel as a starting point, but also it recognizes the "opportunities" (narratives, audiovisuals or in the story line), for a film. In other words, it analyzes possibilities (semantic, syntax, significant, and pragmatics orders); and they are contrasted by the final Cardona or the screenwriters' choices. This paper affirms the creative and procedure features of the transmedia displacement; for example, identifying film elements that go beyond the novel limits and dialogue with other José León Sánchez texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the different forms of cultural resistance that some people belonging to original cultures in Mexico and who have migrated to the city of León Guanajuato have. Through qualitative research and the interview technique, we recover the actions they have to preserve particular characteristics of their culture are revealed. In the first place, we will talk about what the resistance of native peoples is, and then, we analyzed the strategies used by indigenous people to preserve everything that identifies them as part of their community, culture and people even when they are outside of it, that is, knowing the way in which they resist so that their culture continues to stay alive wherever they decide to go. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper recovers two scripts from the silent era: La gitanilla (Anonymous, 1914) –preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France– and La ilustre fregona (Francisco Carrillo Casado, 1926) –Biblioteca Nacional de España–, based on the homonymous tales by Cervantes (Novelas ejemplares, 1613). First, I will look over the lost adaptations of the whole Baroque collection; I will examine next the concept of “script” in silent film; and, finally, I will delve into this pair of rewrites, paying attention to both their peculiar form and their differences from the base texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the historical, political and ontological specificity of one of the most ancient de jure indigenous autonomies on the planet: the comarca of Gunayala (formerly San Blas) in Panama. Based on data obtained from ethnographic research carried out over a long period of time (2000-2019), the paper addresses eight main issues that frame negotiations on Guna autonomy: territorial defense, tourism, major investment projects, the media, intercultural bilingual education, intellectual property of traditional knowledge and cultural expressions, public security and the development of agriculture. The centrality of these issues in the political negotiation processes with the Panamanian state and transnational actors should not, however, be understood as an adaptation to the world of the Wagas (non-indigenous). As shown in the last part of the article, in the construction and conception of Guna autonomy there are elements of different ontological orders that confer a great internal dynamism to the comarca and which should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches to the Japanese animation series Hamefura (Keisuke Inoue, 2020), adapting a series of light novels by the author Yamaguchi Satoru, which narrates the adventures of Catarina Claes and her rebirth in a new world based on an otome game called Fortune Lover. We will carry out a definition of these games as well as the isekai genre, in which the series is framed, and then we will do a complete analysis of the loans and characteristics of this type of games that are represented in the first season of Hamefura, highlighting the outstanding nature of this adaptation that has little to do with what has been done so far in relation to these visual novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green infrastructure is being recognized as one of the main strategies for climate emergency mitigation and adaptation in urban contexts. However, there are still very few initiatives in Latin America. This paper explores the Chilean case, in particular the "Stgo+ Green Infrastructure" project, to understand how the climate emergency has been included in green infrastructure planning and the level of priority it has among various types of stakeholders. The research was conducted through a review of planning documents and a participatory methodology, involving institutional, academic, and civil society stakeholders. Chilean urban regulations and territorial planning instruments do not offer much opportunity for the development of green infrastructure systems to face the climate emergency, but there are several indicative instruments that contribute in that sense. On the other hand, there is growing recognition by stakeholders of the importance of green infrastructure, but the climate emergency is an aspect that is still given low priority. The low priority that actors attribute to the climate emergency represents a significant barrier for the incorporation of these issues in public plans and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Spanish-language adaptation of the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS) by Larson and Chastain (1990) and its validation in a Chilean convenience sample. The participants were 193 adults (100 men and 93 women) with a mean age of 28.39 years (SD = 8.75), grouped in 3 subsamples from the Metropolitan Region: 53 college students, 64 students from a technical institute, and 76 professionals and community leaders of a non-profit organization. In order to examine the validity of the Spanish-language version of the SCS, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results suggest that the Spanish-language version of the SCS has satisfactory psychometric properties, showing high internal consistency (a = 0.85) and acceptable stability over time (r = 0.74). Like the original scale, the validated Spanish-language version proved to be unidimensional and its scores correlated directly with anxious and depressive symptomatology as measured with the Outcome Questionnaire 30.2 (OQ 30.2). These findings support the use of this version of the SCS with Spanish-speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Ipcc, concerning climate change impacts, present and potential vulnerabilities in the biophysical and socioeconomic areas, and the possibilities to affront these through adaptation policies and actions in the Asian Southeast. Risk, vulnerabilities and adaptation options are presented, followed by an assessment of opportunities, resilience, and limits related to adaptation. Section 1.A of First Part characterizes observed impacts, vulnerability, exposure, and present adaptation responses. Section 1.B examines risks and opportunities. In the Second Part, Section 2.A considers the principles for an efficient adaptation, and the links between adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development; Section 2.B is cantered on regional cooperation mechanism on adaptation issues (Apan), as well as collaboration issues on subnational level and within the countries. The paper concludes that the prospective of resilient pathways to sustainable development are related closely to the transformation of economic, social, technological and political decisions and actions that simultaneously enhance the social and economic wellbeing and the responsible management of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-cultural remakes of fiction series are not a new phenomenon, but they do constitute an increasingly frequent type of TV adaptation around the world. From the point of view of audiovisual production, the academic research conducted about these processes is still scarce. It is therefore essential to define the different professional profiles involved both in the purchase and sale and in the production of this type of adaptations. This paper combines the review of existing literature about the agents of television production and interviews with five professionals in the industry. The methodological conjunction of these two dimensions (academic and practical) allows us to offer a more complete categorization of these television profiles and their functions. Although many of the figures involved in the creation of remakes are also present in other types of television productions, this analysis enables the identification of those whose roles are particularly relevant in the specific case of cross-cultural remakes: the consultant or flying producer, distributors and agents or representatives. The systematization of these profiles and their objectives and functions within the different phases involved in the adaptation of a television series contribute to a greater understanding of this phenomenon on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the capacity of individuals or social groups to produce responses to cope with and overcome barriers, when exposed to situations that may compromise their ability to guarantee family subsistence, are quite heterogeneous, even in similar environments. Social factors may constrain it, or even facilitate it, in a much more decisive way than the exposure and behavior of the natural factors involved in the processes of adaptation to contemporary environmental changes. Therefore, the ability of individuals to react or adapt to new situations seeking to reduce their vulnerability, especially those residing in rural areas, is the objective result of the action linked to daily experience, in the interaction that it can produce between the natural and social system and presupposes the existence of individual and / or collective learning processes. To demonstrate this characteristic, we identified the main subsistence strategies mobilized by family farmers in the Alto Guaporé region, in the southwestern state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study, carried out with an empirical universe of fifty-one respondents in five municipalities, revealed that the functioning of the institutional framework can decisively induce and / or condition the individuals' capacity to mobilize the arrangements and forms of production used to guarantee family reproduction. Therefore, the correct identification of its functioning and its diversity play an important role in the determination of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and psychological symptoms (externalizing and internalizing symptomatology) and school and family adaptation in childhood. Participants were 552, 53.4% boys and 46.6% girls, aged between 10-12 years. Patients receiving treatment in mental health services and a community group were compared. At least one SLE in the past two years is experienced by 88.2% of children. SLE were significantly higher in the clinical group than in the community group. SLE are related to the increased presence of symptoms and lower levels of adaptation. The association between family SLE and hyperactivity symptoms is stronger in the clinical group than in the community group. Having experienced SLE and being a patient predict both symptomatology and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth) is an instrument developed to evaluate adolescents' character strengths. The aim of this paper is to present the process of adaptation of this instrument for its use with adolescents from Buenos Aires, Argentina. In the first stage, linguistic and conceptual adaptation was achieved. In the second stage, the local version of the scale was applied to a sample of 542 adolescents (boys = 45.40%; girls = 54.60%) with a mean age of 14.92 (SD=1.79) attending to public schools and private. Discrimination capacity of items and reliability of subscales were studied. With the purpose of studying construct validity, two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were performed using different procedures. The results are discussed in light of current recommendations for EFA and the factoring found for the use of the VIA-Youth in this population of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive functions are a set of abilities that allow the production of adaptive behaviours to specific challenges from the environment. Mentalization refers to the way in which humans are able to discern mental states, intentions and beliefs of others through observed behaviour. This paper clarifies the way in which we should understand the relationship between these two concepts. After presenting some of the most fundamental aspects of these concepts, it is proposed that mentalization underlies, organizes, and enhances the development of executive functions, this, contrary to the dominant approach defended by Carlson Moses, and Brenton (2002) that suggests that executive functions underlie the development of mentalization. After reviewing empirical evidence for the defended alternative, the last section explores some of its applications in areas such as the study of the neurophysiological nature of the social, the subjective nature of consciousness, and the domain of psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a discrepancy concerning resilience. International institutions such as ISDR try to promote resilience as a notion useful for preventing disasters. And some searchers, mainly coming from ecology, such as Resilience Alliance group, found the notion relevant enough to promote it as a brand for their studies on disaster prevention. Yet, the second part of the paper will verify how other searchers are still not convinced by the relevance of the notion. Territorial managers are reluctant as well, in line with the poor number of policies trying to bring resilience to reality, be it in Columbia or in France. How can we make sense of this discrepancy? The paper will stress on various political, institutional and cultural conditionings hidden behind the notion. It will also enlighten the contradictions embedded within the notion, because resilience, as disaster, depends on the scales and the actors the analysis relies on first. Which resilience to whom and at what scale? These are critical questions that should be addressed in order to give sense to these contradictions. Resilience has no absolute meaning. However, it helps identifying trends towards future disasters. This is one of the main reasons why it may be found useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the point of view of tourism, scientific knowledge of the alterations in climate and consequent sector impacts is set up as a key issue for the development of policies for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. However, all this is insufficient unless it is accompanied by the knowledge of public attitudes, beliefs and perceptions of risk showing the different stakeholders. This paper explores, based on a mixed methodology that it includes quantitative and qualitative approach, the perception of risk associated with climate change that present key actors in rural tourism. The proposed approach has allowed knowing how the impacts of climate change, its potential impacts on rural tourism businesses and local adaptation responses developed so far are perceived. Research has also enabled to detect subjective barriers to the adaptation actions that could hinder the fight against the phenomenon. From a geographical point of view, research is focused in Alt Empordà, a Catalan small region located in the northeast of the well-known Costa Brava tourism brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School climate assessments aim to evaluate the social, emotional, ethical, academic and environmental aspects of school life, such as rules, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, teaching and learning practices and institutional structures. This paper presents the process of cross-cultural adaptation and content validity investigation of the Delaware School Climate Survey Student (DSCS-S) in Brazil. The process consisted in translations and back-translation steps, pilot study, evaluations by an expert committee, rigorous revisions of the instrument and calculation of de Content Validity Coefficient (CVC). The analyses suggest the importance of a thorough method of cross-cultural adaptation to provide evidence of its content validity, and the existence of content validity evidence (CVC > 0.8 for all instrument's scales) of the DSCSS in Brazil. This instrument can support Brazilian schools in the assessment of school climate in order to develop more effective school strategies, programs and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the concept of avoidance coping (particularly the coping strategy of self-distraction), pointing out its adaptative value in coping with critical life-events during old age in women. Scientific literature considers that there is a relationship between coping strategies and adaptation to critical events. Some studies suggest that active coping strategies promote effective adaptation, but avoidant strategies are considered less effective. The coping strategy of self-distraction is a mental and behavioural disengagement which occurs via a wide variety of activities that serve to distract the person from thinking about the goal with which the stressor is interfering. Tactics that reflect disengagement include: using alternative activities to take one's mind off a problem (a tendency opposite to problem-focused coping or active coping), escaping through reading, cooking, visiting friends, studying, going out for a conference, or escape by immersion in television or in new projects. This paper discusses the empirical data obtained from a study on coping with critical life-events in female aging in a group of senior women in the city of Mar del Plata. By means of a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-postest technique and a control group, we evaluated coping strategies through the Brief-Cope Inventory, before and after a social learning program in a sample of 60 senior women who did not have any neurological symptomatology. The sample was divided into two groups: intervention group and control group. The intervention group consisted of 30 individuals, who participated in a social learning program at the Universidad de Adultos Mayores (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), and the control group, consisting of 30 individuals, did not do it. A comparative and quantitative analysis of data was done. Results of the study showed that critical life-events senior women have to cope with were loneliness, illness, widowhood, parental death or oncoming personal death, and social discrimination. There were significant differences in coping styles in both post-test groups. In general, the use of active and adaptative strategies (particularly the behavioural and cognitive coping style or type) increased in the intervention group; but the use of those evasive and emotional strategies decreased. Social learning was correlated positively and significantly with an active and adaptative coping style in the face of crisis in female aging. However, the use of self-distraction as a coping strategy also increased in the post-test intervention group. The data are discussed considering the theoretical framework and current evidence. Results allow for an alternative conceptualization about evasive coping to critical life-events in old age, particularly the self-distraction strategy, which is theoretically described as avoidant and non adaptative. Due to the nature of situations during aging, which have a low potential for control, the use of self-distraction as a strategy may be adaptative coping because it allows senior women to adjust and adapt to life changes, maintaining an active lifestyle and improving their quality of life. We suggest that self-distraction as a coping strategy be considered functional, which promotes an effective adaptation to situations during aging. Technically, there is no specific problem to solve, but rather changes, worries or critical life-events to be accepted by seniors. This study contributes to the cognitive and behavioural avoidance theory form a different angle, taking into account age and the nature of stressful events in the effectiveness and adjustment in coping. Finally, this paper suggests possible classification of critical life-events during aging that seniors face using coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to show the adaptation and validation process of the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk, 2001) in a sample selection of 544 Chilean teachers. This was done using the back translation procedure. For construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis statistic method was applied, which resulted in one additional factor to the three, which were in the original instrument. Secondly, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The latter corroborated the four-dimension solution with appropriate index adjustments. Finally, the internal consistency was analyzed by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which showed satisfactory rates for each factor and the entire instrument. All these findings support the claim that the adapted version of the questionnaire is valid, reliable and explanatory of the self-efficacy theory for the reality of Chilean teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the adaptation of the Life Satisfaction Scale in Specific Domains to be used in adults from Buenos Aires. In a first stage, work was done in the linguistic and conceptual equivalence. In the second stage, the local version of the scale was applied to a sample by 187 adults (women = 56.10 %) with an average age of 31.20 (SD = 10.70). We studied the ability of discrimination of items, the reliability, construct validity and content. The results showed that the scale has adequate content validity to be applied in adults of our environment, and presents clear evidence of construct validity and adequate precision for almost all the subscales. The results are discussed in view of the importance of generating new conceptual and instrumental developments relating to the concepts of positive psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the level of life experience students showed relating to post-migration aspects: migrating and transmigrating groups, level of contact, perceived social support, contributing to a better sociocultural and psychological adaptation. 214 migrant students of different genders, from Buenos Aires from public and private universities were sampled through an empirical study. The results showed higher levels of identification compared to those originating from to host societies with greater migrating group contact, with a more defined social support, and satisfactory level of adaptation. Differences are registered talking about internal and external imigrant origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses intertextuality and its functions in the film Donkey Xote (2007, José Pozo), an audiovisual adaptation for a double addressee (children/adults) of El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (Cervantes, 1604). Intertextuality can be identified in most text types, and it implies a receiver's active role as some cultural knowledge is required. The study proves that intertextual references contribute to construct the discourse, they also have a didactic aim trying to introduce children playfully to a universal canonical work by placing them in a familiar context (many intertexts are kenotypes, that is, references to modernity within an antique framework). Moreover, the film includes a lot of intertextual elements, most of them with a humorous function, which are complex and are specifically addressed to an adult audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the adaptation of Child-Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Child-PARQ/Control Father/ Mother, Rohner, 2005) short version, as the dimensionality of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of 469 Spanish children and adolescents. The original version of the questionnaire contains four scales: warmth / affection, hostility / aggression, indifference / neglect and nonspecific rejection. The results confirm the goodness of the psychometric properties (internal consistency and criterion validity) and the original four-factor model proposed by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the main more indexed divergent elements among three of the integrated assessment models in the literature about climate change: the RICE (Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy), the FUND (Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation and Distribution) and the PAGE (Policy Analysis of the Greenhouse Effect). The research shows how each one of them approaches core topics of the integrated assessment of the climate change (the adaptation, the impacts, the uncertainty, the extreme events and discontinuities) from different edges and points of view, arriving to a heterogeneity in the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a methodology for the analysis of vulnerability of water supply sources with regional results (Popayan and Cajibío), considering the following points: 1) incorporation of relevant indicators of municipal water supply sources, 2) Local knowledge on perception, and identification of climate related problems, 3) mathematical procedures and adjust the algorithm for calculating the vulnerability and 4) coordination with territorial planning instruments. As a result, the vulnerability in the current scenario of the Rio Las Piedras subbasin (Popayán) is medium low (0.42) product generated by adaptive capacity developed synergistic processes between local actors; in contrast, the basin of the river Michicao (Cajibio) has a high average vulnerability (0.54) due to social dislocation, low institutional presence and zero environmental investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the literary adaptation of the film Elisa, vida mía (1977) that Carlos Saura wrote in 2004 in order to expand its meanings and focus on the exploration of two different arts: cinema and literature. This cinematographic creation is placed in the formal and thematic context of lyrical film. This comparative study analyses if the literary adaptation of the film is, like its cinematographic twin, a lyric novel, focusing on its meta-fictional characteristics, its own style, its construction of meaning and its type of narration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an educational proposal using something rarely to be found in physical education: the via ferrata. The inclusion of an adventure sport in a programme in this subject is justified among other reasons by the interest of students in learning new activities other than the usual traditional ones (football, basketball, athletics, etc.). This adventure sport consists of following a vertical and horizontal route up a rock wall using special equipment. This article puts forward ideas about how to adapt the sport and its technical elements in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents the results of a study which analyze the relation between adaptation, constructive and unconstructive thought in university students. The Questionnaire of Bell's Adaptation and the Questionnaire of Constructive Thought for University Students was applied to 207 students of five multidisciplinary campus of the UNAM, 75 % of the students were shown to possess a constructive thought between suitable and high level; whereas in the unconstructive thought, 28 % of the university students qualified in a high category. In gender, 90 % of women and 75 % of men bring good emotional adaptation. The relationship between constructive thought and adaptation show better adaptation to major constructive thought. It is concluded that the good constructive thinkers have better levels of adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the main findings regarding the climate change perspective in the department of Antioquia. For measuring it, means such as surveys, interviews, and a focus group were used with parties related to academia, the government, and the authorities of Antioquia. The results show that, in Antioquia, there are still gaps to be filled, and few, or little known, commitments for prevention; deficient institutional presence, and little interest from the local government for actions derived from the issue of regulations, and tools for adaptation to climate change to be implemented effectively. Likewise, there is little planning and connection between initiatives and the means for management in the territory. The parties surveyed agree that the most vulnerable sectors in the face of climate change, from an economic viewpoint, are the production units in the livestock, agricultural and energetic fields. From a social point of view, the main problem is what geomorphologic conditions generate, and, from an environmental point of view, the loss of biodiversity. Finally, education is viewed as the main instrument and tool for knowing and approaching the essence of climate change, as well as the implications that it can have for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's organizations, having knowledge is not enough since it is important to make sure this knowledge is the necessary element for carrying out the tasks and it has to be accessible for people who need it and it must be stored, transmitted and used in daily processes. This paper, from a critical review of the literature and as part of a doctoral research of one of the authors, describes the development of the concept of knowledge management, the elements of the process as the most representative models in this matter, and its importance in contemporary organizations role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, one of the main global risks humankind is currently facing, became a relevant issue on the international agenda in the last few decades. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), adopted in 1992, includes both mitigation and adaptation strategies; however, though both are considered equally important, adaptation has been historically relegated to a secondary role within the Convention. The paper first presents an overview of the trajectory of adaptation as a UNFCCC guideline, discusses its institutional evolution and the Convention’s financing mechanisms, and, finally, explores the relations between adaptation and development. The conclusions point to the insufficiency of the Convention with respect to the implementation of measures for adaptation to climate change, but highlight its relevant role as a scenario for debate, as a source of funding, and as a promoter of both national and subnational actions, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of contrasting definitions of vulnerability to climate change poses a crucial challenge for the relationship between science and public policy in the context of adaptation to climate change. After reviewing the mainstream conceptualization of vulnerability to climate change, the article criticizes the use of the risk-hazard approach as a conceptual basis for measuring that vulnerability. Using concrete examples, the article illustrates how the resulting concept of vulnerability varies profoundly with respect to the type of knowledge generated and the epistemological approach depending on whether the concept of inherent vulnerability or that of outcome vulnerability is used. The paper concludes that the use of one or the other leads to public policies that are radically different in scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adapting tests across cultures is a common practice that has increased in all evaluation areas in recent years. We live in an increasingly multicultural and multilingual world in which the tests are used to support decision-making in the educational, clinical, organizational and other areas, so the adaptation of tests becomes a necessity. The main goal of this paper is to present the second edition of the guidelines of the International Test Commission (ITC) for adapting tests across cultures. Method: A task force of six international experts reviewed the original guidelines proposed by the International Test Commission, taking into account the advances and developments of the field. Results: As a result of the revision this new edition consists of twenty guidelines grouped into six sections: Precondition, test development, confirmation, administration, score scales and interpretation, and document. The different sections are reviewed, and the possible sources of error influencing the tests translation and adaptation analyzed. Conclusions: Twenty guidelines are proposed for translating and adapting tests across cultures. Finally we discuss the future perspectives of the guidelines in relation to the new developments in the field of psychological and educational assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the dilemma of whether or not to use adaptations of literary texts as pedagogical resources in EFL teaching at the secondary level. This presentation stems from a theoretical framework, which describes some of the various forms of rewriting and analyzes, from both a social and literary perspective, the most frequently used mechanisms of adaptation; as well as the informative function it plays in the field of education. In particular, this work takes Genette's, Soriano's and Lefevere's contributions. Secondly, it shows the results of a survey to a group of teachers on the place of literature in their classes and the reasons for that place. The results of the survey led to a debate initiated at the forum of the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language on adapting or not literary texts for their use in the EFL class. The conclusion proposes breaking with the elitism based on the supposed quality of readings and comes up with the using of adaptations as the possible starting point of the path towards reading the original text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gathers the cinematographic adaptations of the episode of Orpheus and Eurydice in order to establish the transformations and the different objectives of its inclusion in this type of works. The analysis of the films showed that four raise issues related to the artistic medium (Orphée, Vous n'avez encore rien vu, Parking, Me ton Orfea ton Avgousto) and six deal with social problems (Orfeu Negro, Orfeu, The Fugitive Kind, Orpheus Descending, Evridiki BA 2O37, Shredder Orpheus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) is an instrument comprised of fifteen items used to assess the three burnout dimensions in the sport context. Based on a preliminary version using a sample of football players, the current paper is the final adaptation of the questionnaire to a Spanish sample of 397 athletes (59.8% male) between 13 and 64 years. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed good fit indexes and supported the three dimensional structure (X²/gl=2.186; CFI=.952; NFI=.917; RMSEA=.057). The reliability of the dimensions reported coefficients between .71 and .87. Correlations with other scales confirmed the discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Taking all of the earlier data mentioned into account, the adaptation also has a suitable cross-cultural validity. Finally, standardized test scores are presented for the Spanish population based on age and kind of sport, where adults and team members display the highest levels of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the effects of climate change in agriculture and food in Latin America. In response to Maletta (2009), this essay analyze the real impacts climate change will have in the region. We suggest that global impacts in agriculture and food will be high in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current context of economic and environmental crisis, the question for developing countries, whether it is better to think about adapting or mitigating climate change. Of the more than 24 million metric tons of C02 emitted in the world, Mexico contributes only 1.6%, although this figure is relatively small is important to devise strategies to tackle the problem of climate change, considering participation of key stakeholders such as government, private sector and civil society, through the design of environmental policies and concrete actions from private enterprise. The target of this paper is to explain how from the private sector itself emerging alternatives for adapting to climate change, the trades do also contribute to the mitigation, such as the experience of industrial ecology has been given in Altamira, Tamaulipas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an instrument for assessment of the perception that divorced parents have about the support they receive from their ex partners in the care for their children. The CARE (Cuestionario de Ayuda Recibida de la Ex pareja) is an 8-item questionnaire created in Spanish. Data were collected in four different samples of divorced and separated persons and their children from different autonomous Spanish communities. Participants were 223 parents and 160 children from divorced families. Factorial analysis came up with a single factor accounting for 41.76 percent of the total variance. The CARE has appropriate psychometric properties: high internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha and convergent and discriminant construct validity, supported by its relations with measures of adaptation to divorce (CAD-S) in the case of the parents, and with behavioral problems (CBCL) in the case of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family, as the basic social environment, should attend to the affective and educational needs of the child. The family should be a stable and secure place for people to live together, where the child should receive care, protection, respect and social support. The family provides the environment for the child to develop and for the parents to adjust and readjust their expectations and practices concerning each child and each different circumstance within a continuity and style. The role of the family is not simply to satisfy the basic, fundamental needs, but to facilitate an interaction between the processes of physiological maturing and daily experiences in order to achieve the child's biopsychological plenitude. When the educational style is not the appropriate one, there are likely to be psychological problems in childhood and adolescence. Some experiences the child is exposed to can be the cause of maladjusted reactions. Such maladjusted response may vary according to the intensity of the experience, the meaning it has for the child, the developmental moment in which he/she finds him/herself (the degree of maturity) and the circumstances following the event. The attachment consolidates through the interaction between the child and the people around him/her. When children are exposed to aggression and rejection from their parents or when they are not given the affection and support that they need, they are more likely to develop emotional and behavioural problems. The communicative interaction established between the child and the important adults in his/her environment is essential for language developmental acquisition. Language accompanies us in almost all the activities we participate in. The absence of stimulation in the first years, so frequent in abused children, can result in delays in the acquisition and development of language. A great part of a child's activity in the first years of life is social and communicative. Although the early interaction between parents and children does not generate language understood as syntactical, phonological or semantic rules, it is essential as it provides the child with the necessary instruments to pass on to formal language. In the disorganised form of attachment, the most usual in cases of abuse, that sensitivity towards the child's needs is distorted, so the interaction with the child does not lead to a correct attribution of the intentional and communicative meaning of the child's action. The interaction in the family environment is essential as it reinforces and redirects the spontaneous use the child makes of language, progressively leading her/him to its correct use. The child learns to refer to the same things and in the same way as others do. Yet the use of language implies the consideration of the other as a thinking being, with beliefs and intentions that should be taken into account in order to be able to establish communication and the form it should take. Several papers researching this issue have stressed the effects of child abuse and neglect on language development. This research analyses pragmatic competence and psychosocial adaptation in children in protective care. Most of the studies do not provide data concerning how each individual linguistic component is affected in such children. Important deficiencies in language development are pointed out, but nothing is said in detail about where exactly such difficulties lie. The pragmatic function determines what type of language must be used in a certain context. This underlines the importance of such psycholinguistic skill. The child, beside learning the formal aspects of the language, learns to use them in a social context. The use of language implies something more than the form or the meaning. It also involves our desires, intentions, beliefs, decisions, to plan the action, etc. Our methodological proposal was carried out within the framework of the Child Care Centres in the Region of Extremadura (Spain). The sample is made up of 74 children living in four different Centres. There were 41 boys and 33 girls between the ages of 6 and 18. We feel we should point out, as strength of the research, the fact that the sample analysed represents the total number of children in residential care over the age of 6 at the time of the evaluation. Pragmatics determines what type of language should be used in a particular context. Children, apart from learning the formal aspects of the language, learn to use it in a social context. Thus there is a difference between the literal meaning of a phrase and its intention. It is necessary for the listener to recognise the speaker's intention over and above the literal meaning of what is said. To achieve this, children must be able to adapt the linguistic forms to the communicative act. We must draw attention to such important aspects as intentionality in communication and the context in which the children's language is developed. In a conversation, the children should be able to manage such skills as: taking turns to speak, expressing intention and recognising the intentions of others, attracting the other's attention, offering an appropriate amount of information, replying in an adequate way with relevant information, adopting the speaker's point of view, the capacity to modify their discourse according to the situation, etc. Our research shows that children in protective care have difficulties in knowing how people they are speaking to will react, especially when it comes to adults. They have clear limitations when using language as a resource to adequately demand attention, so that the person whose attention is required actually does so. They are also limited when directly or indirectly demanding action (the adequate formulation of a specific demand or suggestion); when making a request, especially in those situations in which a request has to be made to an important adult or figure of affection, they often have trouble maintaining continuity in discourse, jumping from one subject to another. They also have difficulties when asking for more information or explanations about some particular event; they express dislike or displeasure inadequately; they show a lack of ability in expressing disagreement before an authority figure (parents and teachers); they show limitations when demanding action, whether it be through commands or suggestions and they have problems formulating demands for specific information including the use of interrogative pronouns. They have difficulties answering when the question or affirmation is too long, and they have problems when using the interrogative adverbs of place «where» and of time «when», as well as with the use of «whose», «for whom» and «to whom», «why» and «how». Pragmatics is related to the early development of social interaction. We emphasize the importance of the social and interactive context in infancy. In both the language and the emotional and/or social development, the family can play a positive or negative role. It is in the family where we start to learn how to interact with others and the use of concrete expressions, when to use language, what to communicate, etc. Affective dialogue with figures of affection goes from the expression of satisfaction or dissatisfaction to the function of asking for attention, replying to the speech of others, and the attempt to modify the behaviour of others. The children present personal and social failure to adapt in several of the analyzed factors. The children demonstrate dissociative disruption, negative self-concept and poor self-esteem. As for the school failure to adapt there is demonstrated lack of motivation, laboriousness and interest by the learning, school external failure to adapt, indiscipline and distaste to the teacher and school dissatisfaction. We hope this research will encourage the study of this phenomenon. We must emphasize the intrinsic complexity of this measure of protection, in which multiple factors belonging to different systems (biological family, child, residential care and professionals) play a role, making it extremely difficult to elucidate what factors play a significant role in the explanation of the adjustment and the well-being of the children under care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European System of Credit Transfer (ECTS) expresses a true change in the methodology of the European Higher Education. A more advanced model in which the student changes teaching and learning based in knowledge reception, to a new education, raised on skills development in students. This system demand training teachers to teach to learn and, therefore, it requires a bigger responsibility of the students in their own education, something that does nothing but aggravate the difficulties of disabled students. In public universities, there are 7.408 disabled students, the 0.53% of total students, according to the White Paper on Disability at the University carried out based on data CERMI. As for private universities, and with the available data, the percentage of students with disabilities is 0.24%. The Universities Act requires individual attention to disabled students, but in practice as we can see there are still barriers caused mainly by poor organization and for an almost nonexistent teaching material adapted to the special needs that are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowne and Marlowe (1960) developed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) that is a widely used scale to measure social desirability defined as "the need of subjects to obtain approval by responding in a culturally appropriate and acceptable manner" (p. 353). Several studies from Psychology and Medicine areas have included the MCSDS. The MCSDS is used both to asses and to control for response bias in a socially desirable manner as well as to measure psychological concepts, such as defensiveness or need for approval. Moreover, the MCSDS is the standard measurement to categorize the four coping styles from Weinberger, Schwartz, and Davidson model (1979). Since the MCSDS first appeared, investigators have proposed several changes such as, short forms, computerized administrations, translations and adaptations to diverse cultures. In this study of development of the Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Crowne y Marlowe (EDSCM) is described. The EDSCM Scale is an adaptation to the Argentinian culture of the original MCSDS full scale with a paper-and-pencil administration form. A pilot study with a sample of Psychology student volunteers was conducted to adapt the MCSDS to Argentinian culture. One hundred nineteen Psychology college students (93 women and 26 men (M = 28 years; SD = 9.6) from two universities of the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (Republica Argentina) volunteered to participate in reliability and validity studies of the EDSCM Scale. The student sample participants completed the EDSCM, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDIII), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). For this student sample, the EDSCM scores ranged from 0 to 27, with a mean of 14.13 (SD = 4.99). EDSCM scores were normally distributed with no outlier values. The internal scale reliability of the EDS CM measured with Cronbach's alpha was .76. No statistically significant mean difference between sexes was found for the EDSCM Scale. A statistically significant association between the L Scale of EPQ and the EDSCM, with a large correlation effect size, provided convergent validity evidence for the EDSCM Scale. With regard to the divergent validity of the EDSCM Scale, a small to medium correlation effect size between the BDI-II and the EDSCM provided evidence that the EDSCM is a social desirability scale independent from Psychopathology. A sub-sample of students (n = 52) who previously completed the EDSCM Scale, completed the EDSCM again with instructions to imagine being in a hiring process. Comparing the normal (M = 15.94; SD = 4.81) and the differential instruction condition (M = 28.67; SD = 4.67) a statistically significant increase in the EDSCM scores was detected. To provide known-groups validity, the EDSCM scores derived from an adult sample were compared with the EDSCM scores derived from an applicant sample. The adult sample included 120 participants (73 women and 47 men; M = 35.6 years; SD = 15.9) and the applicant sample included 134 people (61 women and 73 men; M = 28.9 years, SD = 3.4). Both for the adult sample and the applicant sample, there was not statistically significant sex difference for the EDSCM Scale. The applicant condition (M = 23.66; SD = 5.37; α = .75) showed statistically significant higher EDSCM scores than the normal condition (M = 16.09; SD = 5.18; α = .84). In this article, the validity and reliability of the EDSCM Scale have been analyzed, as indicated by the study of convergent and divergent validities, differential instructions technique, and known-groups technique, as well as internal consistency analyses. All considered, the findings presented appropriate psychometric properties of the Argentinian culture adaptation of the MCSDS. The use of EDSCM Scale is suggested for researches related to Psychology and Medicine areas in Argentinian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the aims of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) is to identify the best diagnosis for patients. In order to achieve this goal, the MCMI-II suggests cutoff points in terms of base rate (BR) scores that are supported by satisfactory results in a diagnostic validity study. The three editions of the Spanish adaptation of the MCMI-II show a number of inconsistencies concerning norms to translate raw scores into BR --misprints, high discrepancies with American norms, change of norms among editions. There is also a suggestion for diagnostic BR cutoff points which validity is not supported by any empirical research. This paper analyzes problems and implications stemming from this situation. Some suggestions and recommendations are also made to overcome those problems --the most important of which is not to use the Spanish adaptation of the MCMI-II for diagnostic purposes until data to support diagnostic validity have been gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate variability (CV) and climate change (CC) have been associated to global changes or to changes in the climate regime and have shown remarkable effects on the hydrological cycle. Water shortage, changes in precipitation intensity, and variability of extreme events are gaining more importance. Because of the increase in air temperature and the changes in precipitation, CC is increasing the competition for fresh water and is impacting hydrological processes and regimes, causing in some cases a larger flow of pollutants and sediments in lakes and rivers, water quality degradation, alteration of the rate of bio-geochemical processes, and reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration. The need for adapting to CC is urgent when large economic and social changes are occurring that affect usage of water resources (WR). CC is increasing the vulnerability of badly-managed water systems, creating an urgent need to build a new framework for the management of WR. In this paper, an integrated water resource management concept (IWRM) is presented, which is gaining acceptance as a CC adaptation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to the different ways in which a narrative material can be reused in the cultural industries through the case study of the United States. Starting from the present situation of the investigations on literary adaptation and film remake, we will offer our own model to study these practices as a whole using the works of the french narratologist Gerard Genette. Finally we will vindicated that this area of study has a great interest for the scholars in the field of popular culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]