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The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of class formation and workers’ organization in the cities of Rosario and Santa Fe, Argentina, between 1870 and the first decade of the twentieth century. An analytical perspective of local-regional and comparative history was chosen, seeking to observe how these processes operated between both cities beyond the links with the Federal Capital, paying attention to the ideological current that hegemonized the working-class world at that time, anarchism, as well as the workers’ federations. A heuristic analysis and the triangulation of workers’ sources with official documents were carried out and, through the comparative method, an attempt is made to account for the close links and repertoires of collective action shared and used by the workers in their process of union organization, showing the regional organizational capacity beyond the links with Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are a fundamental historical subject of the Galician overseas migrations, being Argentina the most important American destination, where hundreds of thousands lived, worked, and preserved their culture and transmitted it. However, migratory studies have tended to invisibilize their specific dynamics and experiences as they were traditionally seeing either as mere companions of their countrymen or part of a family reunification phenomena. This misrepresentation complicated the understanding of their reality giving rise to stereotypes and to the undervaluation of their role in the migration process. Therefore, it is necessary to advance in the study of their individual as well as collective realities and experiences to make visible the changes in their daily lives, to which emigration could have given rise. This paper explores the potential that a series of sources considered "emigration literature" in the twentieth century have to that end, including biographies, autobiographies and fictional autobiographies, collective books of testimonies, essays, stories based on real experiences, among other sources that fall under what is called "migration literature." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between Maoism and psychiatry in the work of the Argentine psychiatrist Gregorio Bermann (1894-1972). As a result of the cultural diplomacy deployed by the People's Republic of China since 1949 and of specific institutional networks, the author produced knowledge regarding China, its practices and institutions of mental health as an expert-traveler. Those works were a dissemination of the "mass science" promoted by this country, applied to the field of psychiatry, though not without tensions. The relevance that China had for rethinking psychiatric practice in the case studied is evaluated, and it is argued that Gregorio Bermann's interest in largescale psychiatry and the international political commitment that he held were decisive in it. Lastly, this article studies the spaces where those works circulated and shows the variety of existing knowledge regarding China based on the political positions that were held towards it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anclajes, from its beginnings and until today, has fostered the dissemination of articles and book reviews linked to descriptive linguistics, sociolinguistics and the historiography of the languages of Latin America. This paper reviews how the publication has witnessed, during the last twenty-five years, the advances and changes in research on Amerindian languages, cultures and literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, studies on masculinities have become a growing field of scholarship in Argentina. This paper provides a preliminary state of the art and critical account of the latest research on the topic. We emphasize the relation of these studies with others on sexual diversity, identifying important ongoing debates and alerting about vacant areas of inquiry. Focusing on an assessment of both fields' most important contributions, the paper deals with two major sets of disciplines: history, sociology and anthropology on one hand, and literary, cinematographic and cultural studies on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper standardizes Chilean salaries between 1886 and 1928 to a Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) format that allows comparison with salaries in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil during the same period. With this, it is possible to identify the level and trajectory of Chilean salaries vis-à-vis their counterparts in the Southern Cone of Latin America. In addition, it attempts to identify the impact that salary performance could have had on the most identifiable episodes of labor conflict, such as the constitution of Chile as a relatively attractive place for the immigration of European workers. The results show unequivocally that the economic growth of Chile until 1914 was not accompanied by the emergence of a favorable environment for Chilean workers or for the settlement of immigrant workers in relation to Uruguay, Argentina and even Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the significance municipalities reached within the Political Plan of Argentina's last military dictatorship. Through the study of secrete, classified and public documents that were produced by the highest spheres of military power this paper shows that municipalities served as a fundamental link to the regime's Political Plan in different ways: as a political instrument of territorial and social "capillary" control characteristic of the dictatorship; as an authorized space for the participation of a local reaching, apolitical "municipal citizenship;" as a laboratory of political openness and as a sphere which nurtured "natural leadership" in Argentina. Finally, this paper identifies common and differing elements of the municipalization of the Chilean dictatorship with the Argentinean case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concerns which have led to the new wave of studies on populism in Argentina, focusing more on the debate surrounding the establishment of a new institutional framework typical of the 1980s than on the proliferation of 21st-century popular governments in South America. The typical characteristics and problems encountered in these studies are explained, and the defining features of the populist experience in 20th-century Argentina are analyzed by drawing comparisons with other populist processes in the region. Finally, the paper analyzes how certain features persist in the new political order, while others have gone through complete transformations since it was established in 1983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in Argentinean right wing-nationalist political discourse of the sixties can only be explained in relation to the international Cold War-context. Thus, some fundamental concepts of Argentine nationalist political tradition were altered by the ups and downs of the international agenda. Because of this, this paper intends to trace the transformations of the nationalist political program, starting with the discursive mutations of the ideas of "Hispanism" and "Revolution". Hence, this renewed revolutionary program -even when related to inherited ideological elements of previous nationalist generations- was reinterpreted in light of new Cold War-meanings of the concept of Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan José Saer’s literature and essays, as well as most of the criticism about the author, allow for exploration of the idea of “zone” expressed in diverse forms throughout his career. This paper attempts to revisit some of these considerations and address the pictorial aspect of his works. The various avant-garde movements that began to emerge between the late fifties and early sixties helped shape a new image of the Argentine littoral region. Saer, who often met with avant-gardists in the cities of Santa Fe and Rosario, joined in these literary and visual renewal movements and incorporated into his literature forms, materials, and manners of observation that resulted from these various abstract tendencies, mainly abstract expressionism and geometric abstraction. The aim here is to observe how Saer “disrealizes” the traditional landscape based on these figures and thus challenges the hasty relationship that early critics established between his texts and a more or less traditional realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A widely accepted hypothesis among readers and critics states that Oliverio Girondo maintained an avant-garde position throughout his literary career. However, it is possible to read an unsuccessful attempt at avoiding experimentation in his intermediate works, such as Interlunio (1937), Persuasión de los días (1942), and Campo nuestro (1946), written between two different avant-garde periods in Buenos Aires: one in the 1920s, the other in the 1950s. In analyzing these works, this paper shows Girondo’s hesitations about the idea of literary renewal following the 1920s, as well as the influence of nationalist ideals that contrast the internationalism that he had expressed in his preliminary works. It also explains his subsequent radicalization, in the late 50s, stemming from his connection with a group of young poets that sought to reclaim a place for experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the central role played by Argentinian modernista writer Enrique Rodriguez Larreta in the vindication of the Castilian cultural heritage in early 20thcentury Argentina. As part of the wave of hispanophile sentiment produced by the Spanish-American War and the debates on identity linked to the celebration of Argentina's Independence Centenary, Larreta aims to create a new Argentinian identity of Castilian filiation based on the Spanish cultural heritage epitomized by Golden Age. This profoundly conservative aesthetic project finds expression in his successful historic novel La gloria de don Ramiro, conceived as an archaist textual simulacrum that reconstructs the historical reality of Phillip II's reign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the political reform process implemented in1912 in Argentina in order to discuss some general understandings in national historiography about the scope of the reform. The analysis focuses on the province of Corrientes, the only one in which the Radicalism failed o reach power throughout the period. This paper seeks to assess the limits of reformism, strategies and mechanisms implemented by the Conservatism to stay in power despite the national political situation that presented it adverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will analyze the ways in which the corporal discourse became part of the Salesian educational community in what is known as the Military Government of Comodoro Rivadavia, between 1944 and 1955. Starting in the mid-1930s, the Salesian congregation fostered, with the aid of the Administración de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF: Treasury Petroleum Fields), technical education for youngsters that would later become part of the state owned oil company. We will show that, by opening a Technical School in 1937, the Church expected to bring the Christian Doctrine closer to the world of labor, and with this, to a specific form of masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Father Soloeta-Dima wrote his Curso primero del idioma basko en dialecto guipuzkuano (Buenos Aires, 1912) for his Basque language course at Euskal Echea of Llavallol. This paper analyzes the ideas of language in this school grammar, focusing on how they reflect some core concepts of the so-called 'Basque Renaissance': grammar logicism, lexical purism and political nationalism. These three concepts inform the thought of Sabino Arana Goiri, considered as the founding father of Basque nationalism. Arana had a noticeable influence on Soloeta-Dima's grammar, as shown by some of the tenets in its description of the Basque language - absence of prosodic features, result of some vowel clusters, deletion of genitive suffix, extension of synthetic verb forms -, by the radically purist ideas about the lexicon - no loans from Latin or romance languages, abundance of neologisms (most of whose sources have been identified) -, and by the nationalist perspective illustrated by some of the examples in the grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the articles written by Enrique Pichon-Rivière and Ana Pampliega de Quiroga for the magazine Primera Plana, between 1966 and 1967. We have specially focused on the articles that try to situate the subjective effects of socio-economic and cultural modernization of the moment. In this regard, we have been interested in showing that these writings reflect the tension of a time in which the traditional ways of living and thinking coexisted with discourses and practices that questioned them. Furthermore, and considering the political situation of the moment in which these works were published, we went through some articles on this topic. We notice a stand in favour of the validity of the democratic system. This standpoint confronted with the media campaign led by the magazine itself, which sought to create the necessary consensus for the military coup of June 1966. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses popular wisdom and memory transmission regarding State terrorism and forced disappearance, which are circulating among youth living around Hospital Posadas, located in Haedo, a province to Buenos Aires, Argentina. At this hospital, there was, under the military dictatorship (1976-1983), a Clandestine Imprisonment Center, where people were kept prisoner as disappeared. Therefore, at this facility both practices of health restoration and torture and murder perpetration coexisted. Through thirty indepth interviews carried out among neighbor young people, the existence of manifold knowledge fractures and memory transmission about State violence is verified, being a result from the social relations breakthrough that used to articulate the neighborhood and the hospital, and from the material life conditions promoting undifferentiated historical and political time awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]