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Introduction: based on the report of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern; COVID-19 became a pandemic. The process of collecting the sample in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 represents one of the initial and highly relevant stages for carrying out an efficient and robust diagnosis. Objective: to characterize aspects related to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and the taking of samples in the Province of Villa Clara. Methods: a descriptive, observational, retrospective investigation was carried out with the objective of characterizing aspects related to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and the taking of samples in the Province of Villa Clara from the 157 confirmed cases with the disease in the period of study. Results: more than half of the cases were taken for bilateral nasal exudate, with a mean threshold cycle of 27.9, with a standard deviation of 7.1. 53.3% of the means of transport corresponded to the Sensure Biotech brand; this type of transport medium was the one with the most samples, with a threshold cycle below 20. Conclusions: the sample with the highest positivity was the bilateral nasal exudate, which coincides with international authors. Of the means of transport evaluated, Sensure Biotech was the one that offered the best results. In the case of asymptomatic patients, the sample that presented the best results was bilateral nasal exudate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]