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The research analyzes the Twitter network made up of users and their interactions during the Conference of the Parties (COP) COP15 held in Montreal from December 7 to 19, 2022. The main objective is to measure the characteristics of the network and identify the key players in the conversation and the main topics addressed. We also sought to recognize if there was any relationship between the format of the messages and the level of engagement. To carry out the analysis, we used a methodology that combined quantitative and qualitative social network analysis techniques. The results suggest that communication through Twitter was a key factor in the successful mobilization of the environmental movement during COP15 and in raising awareness of the need to take concrete actions to address climate change. Likewise, the highest engagement was generated by mostly critical and urgent messages, focused on the need to take concrete action to address the biodiversity and climate change crisis. This reflects a separation between the activism reflected in the network and the scientific and political leadership present at the Summit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the importance of the melting of the Arctic ice for Mexico. The research examines the impacts of this process, the Mexican government’s environmental policies, citizen’s perception and the media’s approach to climate change and the melting of the Arctic ice. To obtain the results, an exploratory analysis was carried out, from which it was concluded that, despite the importance of the Arctic melting in the current climate crisis affecting all countries, and specifically Mexico, within the political agendas of the nation, the citizenry and the mass media, both climate change and the Arctic melting are secondary issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept, and implementation, of coordinated global climate governance at the metropolitan level is one of the biggest challenges in most of the world's cities. Yet--ironically--it is also one of the most overlooked aspects of the international environmental agenda. Specifi- cally, one of the main challenges is to achieve coordination in decision making, as well as in the implementation of actions to homologate the objectives of the different government agendas at all levels, i.e. the constitution of climate and environmental policies not only at the federal level but also at the state and municipal level (in the Mexican case). This article reviews the link achieved between the nine municipal governments that make up the metropolitan area of Guadalajara (AMG) through PACmetro, which promotes coordinated climate governance and addresses the gaps in international mechanisms for climate change policies. The above, generated through the synergies of different agendas, through the Institute for Development Planning and Management (Imeplan). Imeplan has integrated different actors, from different levels, to carry out coordinated actions on urban climate policies in western Mexico that contribute to the construction of a common urban agenda. The conclusion shows the contributions of Latin American local governments to a coordinated climate governance according to local contexts and how the will of cities contributes to the strengthening of the link between global climate governance, the exercise of paradiplomacy between different public, private and hybrid actors towards a common urban agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green New Deal has been defined as "an unprecedented mobilization of resources to achieve 100% renewable energy to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions" (NEF, 2019, p.4). Currently there is consensus about its purpose, however, little has been theorized about its establishment in Colombia. In this sense, our objective is to identify the institutional changes required to establish a Green New Deal in Colombia, using a Delphi methodology, appropriate for interviewing experts. As a result of this research, it was found that, of the twelve useful public policies for their establishment identified in the theoretical framework, seven comply with the guidelines for assessing environmental policy instruments proposed by Labandeira et al. (2007) and therefore are considered necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease linked to environmental deterioration, this article analyzes the Ecuadorian public policies on climate change as a guarantee of the human right to a healthy environment, through documentary research based on the behaviorist theory of public policies. The deductive method and the documentary analysis technique were used. Ecuador has incorporated regulations on the adaptation and mitigation of climate change, and has implemented plans and programs to eliminate greenhouse gases. However, environmental policy requires state attention, generating investment in environmental matters for national financing (public-private). The strategic health sector requires a budget in order to guarantee the right to a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forests provide ecosystem services (ES) that confer comparative advantages to the land market. The aim of research was to value forests that support ES in agricultural systems located in the Colombian Amazon piedmont. The hedonic price method was used to observe the influence of the forest on the price of farms and the contingent valuation method was used to find urban inhabitants' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the conservation of the forests that guarantee these ES. Landowners identified carbon storage as the forest's main ES, but the price of the land did not reflect the economic benefits derived from these: the marginal WTP was - $ 964.4 dollars, a value that represents the opportunity cost of land use. However, the WTP per household was 0.33 dollars per year, a value that shows potential in the implementation of environmental conservation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractive activities constitute an essential strategic sector in the renewable transformation of the new energy model that the European Union is ambitiously promoting through numerous regulatory and strategic instruments in the last five years from the Paris Agreement until the recent approval of the proposed regulatory package "Fit for 55" and the European Climate Law, with the aim of achieving climate neutrality in 2050. To achieve this objective, the so-called critical mineral resources (CRM, critical raw materials) constitute a key element related to climate change and the development of renewable technologies of the new energy model, once again placing these activities at the center of the history of industrial and economic transformations, this time in the 21st century. Despite the impetus and attention from the European Union, through the EU Action Plan on minerals and raw materials essential for the development of strategic sectors and the promotion of their extraction, in Spain we continue in a regime of exceptionality and constitutional abnormality before the still pending Law of Bases of the Mining Regime (art. 149.1.25) that adapts the preconstitutional Law of 1973 to the organization and competences of the Autonomous State, and that dynamizes and promotes a new intelligent and environmentally climatic mining (Smart Mining) both with a current regulation in the granting of permits and concessions, as happens in the legislation of neighboring countries, as well as with the introduction of technologies that facilitate the search for resources with new prospecting methods and the resolution of mineral problems and improvement of the final products. However, maintaining a tradition of the Governments in Spain of the absence of regulatory predetermination and great discretion in their actions and decisions, paradoxically these activities have not received the slightest attention in the three pillars of our Strategic Framework for Energy and Climate, leaving a mere very punctual mention, and also in a prohibitive sense, in the recent Law on Climate Change and Energy Transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on experiences of participation by civil society actors, we propose to develop a diagnosis of the relationship between society and the State in policies of adaptation to climate change in Acapulco, Guerrero. The information was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The information was coded and categorized by identifying one or more text passages with a theme and relating it to a code. We found a fragmentation of agendas and mechanisms for public action by civil actors in a political environment characterized by a sub-national authoritarianism that prevents the construction of dissident political agendas, and a lack of specialized knowledge about the problem of climate change by local activists. For climate science information to be assimilated, it must actively communicate in the appropriate language, seeking participatory mechanisms that generate reliable and transparent data production, and that strengthen the emergence of a common environmentalist agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp forest (aguajales) are considered the main Amazonian tropical peatlands that contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity and the hydrological cycle, in addition to their considerable contribution in carbon sequestration and storage. Through an exhaustive literature review and field observations we identify the importance, threat factors and opportunity for these ecosystems. The peatlands store more than twice as much carbon as all the world’s forests together and form a target group for the study of climate change. Access to non-destructive extraction systems for the harvest of fruits must be articulated with socio-economic development plans. The application of participatory environmental education policies and economic incentives to the communities that protect these valuable territories is a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental policies implemented in zones inhabited by peasants have created tensions in their relation with the State, which far from being resolved, have extended to new territories. Evidence of this is the delimitation of paramos, which involves new areas such as conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. The policy for the delimitation of paramos evinces and, at the same time, fosters interests in high mountain areas. These interests have been acquiring importance on the climate change agenda and, therefore, it is relevant to understand the formulations identified in the narratives of this policy. On the basis of the review of documents supporting the policy and peasant declarations, as well as of the global environmental agenda that frames the policy for the delimitation of paramos, the article identifies some of the practices and narratives that have been adopted and appear as an assemblage that features an unprecedented relation among peasant life, the high mountain areas, and the State. The article concludes that the measure aimed at delimiting paramos employs the same practices used by previous conservationist policies regarding peasant populations: keeping them confined and denying their status as territorial community. These elements disseminate and strengthen the notion that the presence of peasants is incompatible with the conservation of ecosystems, with serious consequences for their being recognized as political subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, la nación con mayor emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, camina rápidamente en dirección a un liderazgo ambiental global. Este artículo busca establecer la situación ambiental del país y algunas de las medidas que pretenden combatir la degradación ambiental y la intensificación del cambio climático. La adopción de políticas nacionales y el cumplimiento de las metas establecidas internamente convierten a China en uno de los principales países efectivamente comprometidos en la lucha a favor del ambiente, aun cuando deba intensificar la implementación de leyes ambientales, modificar su matriz energética y reducir sus emisiones. El ideal de una civilización ecológica y de una sociedad armónica es un elemento capaz de dirigir la toma de decisiones, iluminando el camino a ser recorrido hasta alcanzar el equilibrio entre el hombre y la naturaleza. Rápidamente China se ha posicionado como líder en la esfera internacional, influenciando la dirección de las políticas climáticas, expandiendo su dominio económico y tecnológico, a partir del uso del llamado soft power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main aims of the foundation of the European Communities was to impel the economy after the 2nd World War. For this reason, environmental protection was overlooked. However, once the machinery of development took off the impacts of economic development were evident. Consequently, the European Economic Community (EEC) started to take measure to face them. The EEC adopted environmental action programmes and legislation and introduced the EEC environmental policy through the Single European Act to count with the legal base allowing such actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presentan reseñas de varios artículos acerca del tema del cambio climático, incluyendo “Interfaz ciencia-políticas públicas en Chile: Una mirada a la investigación en cambio climático” de G.R. Borquéz en la “Revista Colombiana de Sociología”; “Colombia y la transición energética” de G. Corredor en “Ciencia Política”; y “Relación entre Democracia, Desarrollo Sustentable y Cambio Climático” de A.J. Gabaldon en “Tekhné.”

The article analyzes the mobilization of Spanish cities in the fight against climate change in the framework of the Covenant of Mayors, launched in 2008 in the European Union. Through the Covenant, cities commit to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as to improve their energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable energies. With more than 7,700 signatories, the Covenant is an interesting example of how cities have a decisive role In the fight against climate change and in improving the sustainability of cities. The article gives an account of concrete initiatives that Spanish cities have proposed to fulfill their commitments, ranging from the replacement of public lighting to the pedestrianisation of urban centers passing through areas the increase of green in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to make a contribution to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey, Cuba. The indicators restrictions, categories, and conflicts of the livestock potential in the region were identified and located on a map. Additionally, the policies, guidelines, regulations and standards for proper environmental management in each livestock area were determined. The study concluded that the potential of livestock activity consists in environmentally recommended use in the main eight of the seventeen secondary environmental areas that make up the region. One of them was considered for secondary use. In terms of categories, the municipality comprises 126.9 km2 with inexistent livestock potential, including several settlements and water reservoirs; 115.7 km2 were identified as poor potential; 316.3 km2 had a mid-potential; and 225.4 km2 was high. The previous contributed to the environmental arrangement of the livestock potential in the municipality of Jimaguayú, Camagüey. Accordingly, the restrictions, indicators, categories, and conflicts observed in the sector were determined, to be used as recommendations for development in the secondary environmental areas with some potential, as well as to set up policies, and general and specific guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is a body created within the United Nations system in charge of the elaboration of reports in support of the different governments on matters related to Climate Change, its impacts and the adaptation and mitigation strategies. The paper analyses the background and reasons that lead to the creation of the IPCC, the main milestones in its lifetime and describes how it works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paris agreement about climate change has meant an important step forward. Building up on these foundations the following years we should move towards a new GHG emission trajectory compatible with the security threshold of 1,5-2°C. The strategic position of the five biggest emitters of the world -China, United States of America, the European Union, India and Russia- it is going to be a decisive factor. The climate policies ant the respective diplomacy of these big players will define the success or failure of the climate challenge. We need to understand and analyse these climate policies in the context of their wider geopolitical frameworks. That is the way to understand the concepts, changes and strategies of these players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the ideological disputes and conflicts taking place around the issue of climate change in international negotiations and politics in general are analyzed. The aim of this article is to frame the ideological clashes in climate change negotiations within the theoretical framework of Intractability. Based on this framework, those points vulnerable of intractable conflict are identified in order to avoid falling into them or to reframe the issue at stake to solve protraction in climate negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si bien el Protocolo de Kyoto proporcionó un marco para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de las naciones industrializadas, las actuales negociaciones sobre cambio climático anticipan futuros compromisos de los principales emisores de carbono entre los países en desarrollo. Se utiliza aquí una versión actualizada del modelo de equilibrio general del Proyecto de Análisis del Comercio Global (gtap-e) para analizar los efectos económicos de la reducción de las emisiones de carbono bajo diferentes hipótesis de comercio de derechos de emisión. La participación de países en desarrollo como China y la India reduciría los costos de ese comercio. Las repercusiones en América Latina varían si se trata de un país exportador o importador de energía y si se reducen o no las emisiones estadounidenses. Los efectos en el bienestar podrían ser negativos según el sistema de comercio de derechos adoptado y los socios comerciales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates how the transition of power underway in the international system has changed international climate negotiations, as well as the way the EU has responded to this process. More specifically, and, in line with the introductory article of this edition, it is argued that, until 2005-2007, negotiations took place within a structure of normative congruence, characterised by climate institutions being set up in spite of the reluctance of a very powerful coalition of states. However, since mid-way through the first decade of the 2000s, the negotiations have entered a phase of institutional lag and the new coalition of key actors (made up of the United States and emerging countries) are imposing a new conceptual approach that has left the old institutions clearly lagging behind. The EU has responded to this change by adjusting its strategies and objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge we face is to know how to design and implement corporate environmental management systems able to promote and reconcile multiple interests of social and economic actors to avoid environmental conflicts that way. We believe that better articulating the dynamics of resistance, now dispersed and fragmented, offering opportunities to autonomy, which effectively treat the conflict as a function of social arrangements, it could prevent the seams of this precarious institutional tearing further. If the claims in question requires a change in the distribution of benefits and privileges that exist in a community, the institutions put in place mechanisms of power, designed to stifle even before either expressed or, upon agreement, you could try to delete it before it gains access to relevant decision -making arena. The managers' differences and quell social conflicts, are the institutions that they should be installed in an area of more or less large or small meeting, between public and private, always looking for the social satisfaction and approval rating. However, it is clear that today, some institutions are strangled delegitimized or demolished, and there is even consensus to push them to all the authorities, that caste and mediocrity indolent, not having the ability to formulate management solutions and demonstrate their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify if there is any effect in the income distribution for the Mexican economy when applying a tax on fossil fuels in order to reduce CO2 emissions. In order to reach this goal a computable general equilibrium model was built following the Shoven and Whalley method. It is observed that the application of a tax achieves a reduction in fossil fuel demand, but it does not have any meaningful consequence on the income redistribution of the society. All the levels of the economy have a loss in welfare as a consequence of the application of this tax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of contrasting definitions of vulnerability to climate change poses a crucial challenge for the relationship between science and public policy in the context of adaptation to climate change. After reviewing the mainstream conceptualization of vulnerability to climate change, the article criticizes the use of the risk-hazard approach as a conceptual basis for measuring that vulnerability. Using concrete examples, the article illustrates how the resulting concept of vulnerability varies profoundly with respect to the type of knowledge generated and the epistemological approach depending on whether the concept of inherent vulnerability or that of outcome vulnerability is used. The paper concludes that the use of one or the other leads to public policies that are radically different in scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo trata asuntos abordados en una reunión de la Organización Mundial del Trabajo (OIT), en que se debatieron los efectos sociolaborales de las políticas para paliar el cambio climático. Uno de los efectos positivos de las políticas a favor del medio ambiente es, según el articulo, el "doble dividendo", o la concepción de que estas políticas pueden crear tanto fuentes alternativas de energía como empresas y empleos nuevos.

The article begins with an examination of the economic instruments that, according to the doctrine, should be part of climate policies, some of which have been created in Chile, such as the green tax and others in the process of being studied, such as the emissions markets. It addresses the legal foundations of these tools in climate contexts and reviews the climate architecture to characterize it briefly based on the main adaptation and mitigation measures that are part of this environment. It examines the most well-known emissions market, the European (European Union Emissions Trading System, EU ETS); to concentrate on this mechanism in order to consider the main challenges that Chile faces in order to implement them and make recommendations on legal regulation of how it should be incorporated into the Chilean reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]