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This paper aims to establish the problems of the Stoic concept of cognitive representation (καταληπτική φαντασία). So I intend to reconstruct the scholarly debate on this definition. For it, I state the debate around its two most conflictive terms: the participle ὑπάρχον and the preposition ἀπό. By analyzing the Stoic fragments in which these terms appear, I explore both textual and philosophical arguments in order to find the different senses of both. By doing so, my aim is highlighting the limits of those interpretations. My conclusion is proposing certain issues to constitute a research agenda on the Stoic definition of cognitive representation, in order to, to some extent, possible solutions might be discerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the historical and ethnographical referents in the Venezuelan Amazon, the academic spaces are addressed as spheres of the subject/object division and as the discursive substrate of colonial verticality. Furthermore, the connections between colonial discourses and the contemporary knowledge framework are discussed as fields where the hegemonic common sense is structured. This paper concludes that the alternative is in the border knowledge as inter-subjective discourses which have the potential to create multifocal perspectives from the global order's fringes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with ignorance from an epistemological point of view. Firstly, Karl Popper's considerations sheds light on the understanding of ignorance as an active ingredient in the development of knowledge and the progress of science. However, the point of view of Charles Mills and Axel Honneth's theory of recognition, introduce other relevant aspects about ignorance- such as its connection with the exercise of power and social subordination- not sufficiently thematized by Popper. Finally, we will expound on the tensions and concerns that arise from considering these different approaches of ignorance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relation between the singular and the universal in mythical thinking. The initial problem holds that, conventionally, due to its fantastic expressions, mythical thought is non-objective knowledge of the world; however, I will argue the opposite. Based on Cassirer's Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, I will present two results: firstly, an evaluation of how myth relates singular events with universal concepts, which allows the reassessment of myth as a valid epistemological form. Secondly, the main epistemological resource of myth is the idea of mutation, unlike science, which uses concepts to relate the singular with the universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of technologies, the big volume of databases and the need to obtain useful knowledge of them, data mining becomes a strategic tool for companies, which support the decision making. A cuban company, created in 1991, whose name is not mentioned for reasons of confidentiality, which is distinguished as a provider of comprehensive solutions, offers products and engineering services in a wide range of areas with a highly trained staff. It has large volumes of data resulting from the management of each of its organizational units, but no analysis are done to identify hidden patterns and behaviors in data. This paper present a process of Knowledge Discovery in Databases in the aforementioned company as an aid to decision making. In this regard, aspects related to data mining and its application in the environment of economicfinancial indicators and management were detailed, association and clustering models that will support the work of managers at different levels of the organization were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On Philosophy is an exoteric work that is preserved in a fragmentary mode. It is assumed that it had three books. In the first two, Aristotle would have made a compendium of the different conceptions of philosophy and its respective object. In the third book he would have presented his own conceptions on the topics approached in the previous books. The few preserved fragments and the disparity of the sources by which they are transmitted represent a difficulty for establishing which would have been these conceptions. In this sense, in this paper we will try to demonstrate that in On philosophy Aristotle presented many of the theses related to the conception of the first philosophy as the study of the first principles and causes. With this end, we will focus on the analysis of the fragments 8b, 16, 17, 27a y27b. The examination of these fragments in light of the rest of the corpus will allow us to demonstrate that in On philosophy Aristotle have identified wisdom with the knowledge of these principles and causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out the professional knowledge and practice of María, a pre-school teacher with three years of experience in a public school in Catalonia and 13 girls and 11 boys in her care. The data collected enables further understanding of her teaching experiences and the educational process she uses, which contribute to the creation and development of an educational relationship marked by a focus on individual needs and the unique characteristics of each child, and describes the support and care provided throughout classroom experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to determine the relevance of an informational theory of knowledge to address recently discussed epistemic problems. I argue that Dretske’s classical approach is equivalent to the safety condition proposed by Pritchard to avoid epistemic luck. However, I claim that Pritchard’s condition has to be modified to avoid the so-called “generality problem” for reliabilism. I propose an alternative version of the requirement to deal with these problems and provide an equivalent informational condition. I conclude that this informational version is preferable since it reveals conceptual relationships between the constituents of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes that occurred on digitization have produced profound variations in the world of work in general, and academic one in particular. Considering the transformations in terms of production, use and appropriation of knowledge, mainly taking this situation as a kind of social relationship described as "cognitive exploitation of scientific knowledge". From this characterization, I shall discuss in this paper the impact over the work of the social scientist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on epistemological beliefs has become widespread, but in recent years has opened the doors to a debate on how these beliefs should be characterized and assessed. It is within this context that this study seeks to characterize these beliefs as component premises of epistemological perspectives. The study evaluated 55 first-year university students from four academic disciplines by means of the Egyptian pyramid-building dilemma. Two epistemological perspectives were identified. One was empirical and supported by the premise that knowledge is an objective systematization of observations of an unequivocal reality embodied by just one possible explanation, and the other was an individual relativist perspective supported by the premise that knowledge is a subjective systematization of facts that gives rise to multiple but equally valid explanations. The paper discusses the nature of these premises, the utility of a dilemma-based methodology and the implications for educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than half a century, the debate on the Gettier problem is still alive and continues to produce proposals of solution (or dissolution) that, regardless of their success, constitute interesting contributions to epistemology and even to other philosophical areas. As is well known, the Gettier problem is the challenge to provide an analysis of knowledge free of counterexamples. In this paper, first I review and critically examine the main proposals to tackle the problem; then, I draw some conclusions and offer my own suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I defend the epistemological view of testimony according to which the peculiarity of this phenomenon lies in the commitments generated by the interpersonal relationship in which giver and receiver are immersed. More specifically, I aim to bring out the epistemic significance of this relationship in terms of the norm governing the act of telling someone something, in contrast with the norm governing mere assertions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the appearance, in recent decades, of so-called knowledge-based economies, there have been various explanatory proposals or theoretical frameworks for understanding them. In this paper we aim to ponder, within a humanistic outlook, various concepts introduced by thinkers like Dominique Foray, from economic theory, Javier Echeverría, from philosophy of science, Manuel Castells, from sociology, and Edgar Morin, from the perspective of complex thinking. Situating human at the center of the equation, we want to approach the problem of knowledge and their meanings. To that end, this essay begins with a consideration on different conceptions of knowledge and the role that it has taken in the new society, continues with an analysis of the relations between the new economy and the idea of integral human development, and ends by outlining the application of the principles of Morin's complex thought as a proposal to articulate different perspectives on knowledge and the global society to which we belong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the very end of Book II of 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding', Locke finds out «that there is so close a connexion between Ideas and Words [...] that it is impossible to speak clearly and distinctly of our Knowledge, which all consists in Propositions, without considering first the Nature, Use, and Signification of Language». In various and diverse ways Locke defends the thesis that 'Words signify Ideas'. My aim in this paper is first, to sum up Locke's general theory of Language; secondly, to revisit some regular objections concerning this theory, and thirdly, to intend an explanation of what Locke means when he points out that 'Words signify ideas'. In regard to this point, I shall hold up E. J. Ashworth's interpretation to show that Locke semantic thesis involves the use of the verb 'to signify' ('signifying') not in the manner that it is used by contemporary theorists of the twentieth century, but in the sense that some scholastics used the term 'significare'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leibniz declares that the human thought is unavoidably mediated by signs. At the same time, he considers that we only have access to things through ideas and that we have access to ideas only through signs. Consequently we have nothing but signs, some of them true, some false. Distinguishing one among others constitutes the key for achieving knowledge. In this paper I will address to Leibniz's blind knowledge question and I will evaluate the resources to which Leibniz appeal to assure knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide some grounded criteria, based on principles from cognitive science and related theoretical positions, to address the concept of representation from a perspective that allows placing it in the context of knowledge construction processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to expose two possible views about knowledge of essences in Thomas Aquinas. On the one hand there is the critique of knowledge of philosopher Jacques Maritain, who will question that man's access to the essences of things would be as simple as usually occurs. This situation leads us to what we call a gnoseology-cal stance. On the other hand, we try to show that there is probably another horizon of different reading supported by the French philosopher. And this horizon can lead us to understand Aquinas' claims from a viewpoint that we call metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of knowledge as a sustainable competitive advantage and the increasing development of information technology (IT) have led to knowledge management systems (KMS), facilitating and encouraging the processes of generation, codification and transfer of knowledge in organizations. The interest of professionals, academics and researchers has been growing for several years, to the point that it can be stated that knowledge management is a topic on the rise. Nonetheless, if we review their status in organizations, there are great difficulties in their implementation, difficulties that cover various aspects. Through a review of the literature, this paper explores the present gaps in the implementation of KMS. The results reflect the dominance of a reductionist approach in this area, with a focus on IT, revealing the need for a holistic approach, guided by what makes sense in the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss specific aspects of Aristotle's characterization of metaphor. I argue that the metaphor contributes to the understanding and that the way she does that is closely related to the way it is set in the language as expressive use. To meet the intended purpose central subject passages in Aristotle's philosophy are discussed, submitted to valuation and extended reflectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of information and knowledge is booming. Access to and availability of information and knowledge are better than ever before. However, we can observe companies and countries which use existent knowledge more effectively than others. This paper describes the role of information and knowledge in economic theory, discusses the difficulties of transferring knowledge and analyses the fact that in many cases created knowledge does not get introduced to markets. Innovation and entrepreneurship are the missing link that should be strengthened in order to transform knowledge into new products, processes, services, and markets. That is why changes are necessary within companies as well as in the education system in order to apply and commercialize more of the generated knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fulfillment of their professional responsibilities as necessity, prevent to physicians sometimes to reflect upon medical scientific knowledge validity. In this paper some reflections about it are made considering the importance of integral vision of medicine for the physicians. This knowledge result of scientific development and special application methods. The reflection on medical scientific knowledge validity is different from its historical or ethical valuation. The author point out four dimensions strongly connected on such validity: construct which result of theorical and empirical validity, and consensus validity. The four dimensions are modified for diverse factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I make a review of the relation between affections and the apparent in ancient skepticism. I hereby evaluate ethical and epistemological dimensions of this relation, in what concerns the exchange between the inside and the outside of subjectivity. I understand this exchange in terms of the continuum of knowledge. I begin this text with a reading of a passage of Sextus Empiricus' Outlines of Skepticism, proceeding next with an evaluation of skeptical knowledge and affection, in the context of a revision of the main concepts of this philosophical tradition. This will allow us to treat the critical character of its postulates, as well as its actuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is aimed at introducing elements for discussing the consequences derived from a process called 'institutionalization of knowledge.' The matrix presents a number of five theses dealing with the concept of deprivation of knowledge legitimacy of common people exerted by institutionalized intellectuality. Hence, the article makes reference to institutionalization processes of knowledge based on the school and its curriculum, implications of what is called the alliance between the wise intellectual people and knowledge as a means of power, and finally the importance of establishing research competences in teacher training programs for them to understand as well as empower them with the reality they are living, i.e. communities of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In my commentary on Ernesto Sosa's paper, "Los sueños", (i) I sketch a simple argument for skepticism about perceptual knowledge, which turns on the premise —P2— that perceptual beliefs are not safe. Then (ii) I explain how Sosa's unorthodox views about dreaming can be used against those who would defend P2 by invocating the spectre of dreams. After that, (iii) I examine two arguments Sosa directs against the Orthodox Conception: the Argument from Retention and the Argument from Irrationality. Finally, (iv) I ponder Sosa's imagination model of dreaming —what I insolently call the Heretical Conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will try to offer a synthesis between two conflicting epistemological positions on the recent philosophical scene: positivism, whose heritage survives as the belief that science is the most genuine form of knowledge, and the defenders of incommensurability. Overcoming the controversy implies rejecting both the classical conception of knowledge (knowledge as theoria) --which, in fact, both positions presuppose-- and the hierarchical view of knowing in favour of a systemic view permitting epistemological pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]