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The research analyzes the Twitter network made up of users and their interactions during the Conference of the Parties (COP) COP15 held in Montreal from December 7 to 19, 2022. The main objective is to measure the characteristics of the network and identify the key players in the conversation and the main topics addressed. We also sought to recognize if there was any relationship between the format of the messages and the level of engagement. To carry out the analysis, we used a methodology that combined quantitative and qualitative social network analysis techniques. The results suggest that communication through Twitter was a key factor in the successful mobilization of the environmental movement during COP15 and in raising awareness of the need to take concrete actions to address climate change. Likewise, the highest engagement was generated by mostly critical and urgent messages, focused on the need to take concrete action to address the biodiversity and climate change crisis. This reflects a separation between the activism reflected in the network and the scientific and political leadership present at the Summit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the emergence of the first Canarian environmental associations at the end of Franco's regime. Starting with a general description of environmental policies during the dictatorship, the article then hones in on the role of the sociable, scientifico-naturalist experiences afforded by mountaineering groups, which in turn gave rise to a certain kind of environmental association in the Canary Islands. Furthermore, the article describes the organizational forms, the themes, the repertoires of action and the main environmental conflicts in which such groups participated, assessing their role as precursors of the new environmental movement that emerged during the transition to democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on experiences of participation by civil society actors, we propose to develop a diagnosis of the relationship between society and the State in policies of adaptation to climate change in Acapulco, Guerrero. The information was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The information was coded and categorized by identifying one or more text passages with a theme and relating it to a code. We found a fragmentation of agendas and mechanisms for public action by civil actors in a political environment characterized by a sub-national authoritarianism that prevents the construction of dissident political agendas, and a lack of specialized knowledge about the problem of climate change by local activists. For climate science information to be assimilated, it must actively communicate in the appropriate language, seeking participatory mechanisms that generate reliable and transparent data production, and that strengthen the emergence of a common environmentalist agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article explains how the Sierra de La Macarena Biological Reserve, which marked the beginning of the new state responsibility of caring for nature in Colombia, was conceived and then created by law in 1948. Additionally, this paper reconstructs the first decade of its existence. Methodology: This research is based on archival documents, historic publications and secondary sources, which allow us to understand the ideas about nature that guided such history and the concrete processes that characterized it. Originality: This article studies the process of State formation from a territorial and environmental perspective, bringing together political and environmental history, and pointing at new avenues of inquiry in both fields. Conclusions: The beginnings of a new state responsibility of caring for nature depended on previous developments of the state itself, particularly on the efforts to deal with tropical diseases. Therefore, an area of state activity devoted to insure the well-being of the population served as the basis for the inceptive development of another. This issue was, however, not entirely national. Global scientific networks, including medical doctors, entomologists and geologists, together with an innovative technology, aviation, also played a crucial role. The research station that was conceived along with the reserve to support long-term research was partly impaired by La Violencia of the 1950s. Instead, scientists carried out several expeditions that contributed to turn La Macarena into national patrimony, at least in the minds of some Colombians. Given that aspirations well exceeded the achievements, the definitive emergence of this area of state performance had to wait a few years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies formulated to confront the ecological and social equity crises of development have had little impact. Recently, several disciplines have converged on the socioecosystem (ses) concept as an ideal theoretical framework for managing integrated social and natural systems for their sustainable development, and its rapid incorporation into environmental public policy is sought. A consultation was undertaken to gauge the expert opinion of Mexico's federal environment sector officials with regard to the ses approach and its potential as a new basis for public policy. The results demonstrate that although the experts are unfamiliar with the ses approach, they value the policy attributes which characterize it, indicating that if these were fully incorporated into current policies, they could help correct their deficiencies. A majority of experts consider the more integral ses approach offers advantages, and it is concluded that these key actors are receptive to the approach and its possible adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work analyzes the operation rules of eight environmental public policy programs applied in the conservation land of Mexico City in order to demonstrate the contradictions that they present, and thus to verify that there is institutional dysfunctionality, which can lead to potential environmental impact. The analytical framework is institutional analysis and development, and methodologically, it uses three stages: a) revision of the operation rules, b) the presentation of analysis criteria with assigned ranges, and c) the construction of multidimensional graphs; showing the index of institutional dysfunctionality in a horizontal and vertical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuba has been hit since three years ago by a severe drought that has affected most of the country's municipalities. Response strategies should implement information and communication processes that favor efficiency, articulation, knowledge management and citizen participation. In an approach to community strategies to overcome this situation, the communication and information practices that underlie drought management in selected localities are described. The study was conducted from an interdisciplinary approach between the information and communication sciences. Among the findings, there are strong differences between the infocommunicational activity of community self-organization and the activities of water management actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to elaborate a strategy of prevention-mitigation-preparation in the floods caused by the overflow of the River Buey due to the occurrence of intensive rains in the municipality Yara (Granma province). The methodologies used were based on the historical-trend analysis of the main elements of the study area, systematic and participatory scientific observation, statistical analysis, and the evaluation of risk, vulnerability and hazard studies. These elements served as a basis for designing a strategy based on forestry, land use and environmental education guidelines, mainly aimed at the conservation of non-structural means affected by floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the agenda of some national governments, emphasis has been placed on the importance of combating climate change and protecting natural resources, which is why they have developed state policies that allow greater control over these resources and ensure their preservation and watch out. These policies have considered it viable that such protection can be encouraged through the economic investment of private actors (banks, NGO, environmental entities, among others). However, by inserting the conservation of natural resources in cost-benefit logic, it generates that dynamics of hoarding are developed where the people with greater purchasing power decide how and in what form these resources are used. By thinking of the local population as a predator that only draws resources from its surroundings, the historical relationship of this with nature, where sensory and material ele-ments have been created and strengthened, is unknown. The municipality of Guasca is not alien to these policies of environmental conservation and although they may be designed to protect nature, tend to ignore the people who for many years have lived with this (peasants and local people). It is also contradictory that those who develop these policies often pretend to give simultaneous uses to nature so they are opposed. In this way we can observe places in Guasca that are projected (by territorial entities, environmental corporations and private entities) for the conservation of water sources, fauna and flora simultaneously with mining- energy extractive projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization of environmental management implies the transfer of power and responsibilities at the local level. Although there are bibliographic reviews dealing with decentralization and the environment, there is a gap in the specific case of Latin America. Through the Systematic Quantitative Literature Review technique, we observed that the literature patterns reveal territorial and thematic imbalances in the analysis. Said results correspond to a majority of studies that have focused on Bolivia and Brazil. These approaches, their focus on decentralization of forest management and their dissimilar result-which are within the domain of Anglo-Saxon academics-depended, in turn, on the country being reviewed and the disciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze how despite the economic and political structural differences of the Latin American countries, the common denominator of these economies is its dependence with the global economy as producers of primary goods. This exploitation of raw materials, called neoextractivista model, carries from its own origin hoarding of land, deportation or displacement of rural communities, establishing then, for natural consequences, a spiral of criminalization and repression of resistance by territorial disputes and divergent values around them, in a context of great power asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of the organizational processes and institutions was analyzed in a context of the bird watching tourism (American Flamingo -Phoenicopterus ruber) and the establishment of the Biosphere Reserve Ria Lagartos (RBRL). A perspective of collective action was used, and quantitative and qualitative approach to analyze the effects that tourism generates in communities living within protected areas. The results reveal a weakening of local organizations to give priority to the institutionalization imposed by external actors has caused new problems with negative consequences for conservation. In Rio Lagartos there is a social base that can enable collaboration among social actors, but it requires collective action mechanisms that improve social organization and local institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following work seeks to review some of the criteria for interpretation of the Environmental Enforcement Tribunal of the OEFA- Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental, with respect to environmental responsibility, environmental damage, testing and others aspects that holders of mining titles face in the sanctioning administrative procedures for which this authority is responsible. The paper also considers that these criteria are not confined to the administrative authority, but are reviewed by the judicial system, and are used to determine legal actions and specialized hearings concerning environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern society has been saturated by countless environmental conflicts that cause a flagrant violation of human rights. This article focuses on Interinstitutional Environmental Agendas as an appropriate instrument for the resolution of such conflicts through the construction of agreements between the stakeholders involved. Based on theoretical considerations and analysis of the implementation of an interinstitutional environmental agenda in an area of paramo located in the township of Soacha (Cundinamarca), the purpose is to provide methodological and conceptual elements and propose steps that should be considered for the implementation and execution of this instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The settlement of Puerto de Boniato, in the region of Santiago de Cuba, presents a scenic site. Yet, in recent years the area's environmental qualities have deteriorated, especially those of its natural landscape, something which has affected the quality of life of the inhabitants as well as the influx of tourists to the existing recreation center. This study is based on a diagnosis and evaluation ofthe area's environmental qualities and the potential of its rural landscape for tourism, with a view to proposing a strategy for sustainable environmental management. It draws up a preliminary proposal for the environmental management of the settlement concerned and its surroundings. The preliminary design scheme proposed here has been based on a consideration of the concepts of environment, sustainability and environmental quality, with the aim of improving the quality of life of the settlement's rural inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon the 1972 Stockholm Conference, the first Argentine environmental agency was early created with the return to democracy in 1973. Nevertheless, the creation of state environmental institutions was not incremental and only gained strength in the 1990s. Simultaneously, social environmental organizations have arisen in successive waves from the mid-60s through today. This article traces back the emergence of environmental institutions and the way in which state and social actors have interacted along the process. We argue that social environmentalism and the creation of state environmental institutions moved through separate roads and had no major contact until the beginning of the new millennium, when a new kind of social environmentalism managed to impact the government agenda due to a number of environmental conflicts. We also argue that the journey of social and state environmentalism in Argentina must be understood in the light of international influence (both ideological-normative and financial) and of the dynamics of the political regime. Regarding the latter, we show that both regime change and institutional changes within the regime have favored the development of a public environmental agenda and its connection with the government agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment is a complex space where multiple interests converge, so the traditional government has been insufficient to respond to the new demands of the environmental management. In this sense, the theory governance suggests a bigger role for social actors in decision-making for a more effective resolution of environmental problems. This article focuses on the Civil Society Organizations (cso's) of Ensenada, due to its relevance in the public sphere and the ecological value of the area. Twenty two esos, its participants and the network of actors were characterized through a survey. It was found that three types of esos are focusing on the conservation agenda and urban sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge we face is to know how to design and implement corporate environmental management systems able to promote and reconcile multiple interests of social and economic actors to avoid environmental conflicts that way. We believe that better articulating the dynamics of resistance, now dispersed and fragmented, offering opportunities to autonomy, which effectively treat the conflict as a function of social arrangements, it could prevent the seams of this precarious institutional tearing further. If the claims in question requires a change in the distribution of benefits and privileges that exist in a community, the institutions put in place mechanisms of power, designed to stifle even before either expressed or, upon agreement, you could try to delete it before it gains access to relevant decision -making arena. The managers' differences and quell social conflicts, are the institutions that they should be installed in an area of more or less large or small meeting, between public and private, always looking for the social satisfaction and approval rating. However, it is clear that today, some institutions are strangled delegitimized or demolished, and there is even consensus to push them to all the authorities, that caste and mediocrity indolent, not having the ability to formulate management solutions and demonstrate their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explains the complex relationship between deliberative democracy and environmental governance, developing a "state-of-the-art" understanding of contemporary discussions in the field and emphasizing the normative aspect of the relationship. Environment effectiveness and political legitimacy are key axes permeating the theoretical discussion. She presents her critiques of the model and recovers the possibility of their being put into practice as a new instrument to deal with the multiplicity of spatial-environmental conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Nations conference on environment and development, signed the Convention on Biological Diversity, which obliges the signatory States to combat the extinction of species throughout the world. Its executive secretary said: "the services that nature offers us are free, but the man has a deep unconscious of what he represents their destruction [...] If humanity does not brake to the degradation of biodiversity, the legacy for future generations will be mortgaged [...] must have the courage to look our children in the eye and admit failure [...] admit that we continue losing biodiversity at an unprecedented pace, we are mortgaging their future". Words that initialed by premonitions future about the treatment of the extinction of a large part of the existing biodiversity, that if we do not a treatment, their destruction would speed up and we would be going against the new scheme of sustainable development. In this paper, I analyze and discuss from the perspective of social rights, environmental, and economic, compliance with subparagraphs (c) and (d) of article 10 of the said convention in the native communities of the Peruvian Amazon, an area of permanent armed con ict between the Peruvian State and the native communities. The work consists of six parts. The first explains the legal framework and jurisprudence; the second covers the methodology, and will draw attention to the method and the approach of hypotheses; the third the theoretical framework, the geographical framework and the gathering of information; The fourth on analysis and interpretation; in the fifth set out an analogy with some of the results of the European Union and countries of south America; in the sixth part formulates some conclusions and new perspectives for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical identification of research approaches and academic formation with a political ecology perspective is becoming more frequent every time in Mexico. This upsurge of political ecology, as a discipline and theoretical framework, is quite encouraging for those who analyze environmental change from a social and political perspective. Notwithstanding, we consider that a thorough review of this discipline's development in Mexico is necessary in order to delimit its field of inquiry and to avoid its generalization and simplification. In this study we offer a synthetic account of the origin and evolution of political ecology and its main theoretical approaches. We also present a general historical review of research efforts devoted to analyze environmental change from a social perspective in Mexico; lastly, we discuss the traits that characterize Mexican political ecology, its main lines of research, and their relevance in Mexico's environmental scenario. Given the high diversity and quantity of Mexico's socio-environmental studies, this work should be considered a preliminary characterization and history of political ecology in Mexico that may be useful as a basis for a further and more complete analysis about this discipline development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper starts with a brief analysis of the environmental contamination in the country and its impact over land waters. The National Program Against Contamination for the period 2009-2015 is presented as an answer to the problem identified in the National Environmental Strategy 2007-2010 (EAN) and the working platform in which all national efforts are integrated in the struggle against this threat. Program objectives and targets are described as well as intended actions. It is concluded that the program is a strategic tool which, by considering conditions, needs and priorities of the country, is capable of successfully confronting the contamination problem of land waters and the other environmental components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was the application of the spatial planning and sustainable management of resources under the perspective of the city-region model. Spatial planning allows to balance the interests of the different sectors of the economy and in conjunction with sustainable development allow guarantying an equitable development between the diverse activities that support the regional economy and the required environmental protection. Application of spatial planning and geography information systems allowed defining the territorial characteristics, identifying potentialities for the better use and preservation of the resources in the urban-regional space. The main conclusions of the study are related to the limitations and opportunities that this model faces in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the sustainable development represents a great advance in the scene that was marking an incisive dichotomy between conservation and use of the natural resources. Though even the real possibility of concretion is criticized in many situations, the fact is that the model of economicist development has now a , interés about the preservation of the nature. It allows today to put in the agendas of government the environmental topic as an aspect interdependent and correlated with the public economic, social policies and even of national safety, whwn the focus is the improvement of the quality of life of the communities. But it is not easy to harmonize interests that have been in opposite sides therefore time, more even if the contradictions and normative emptinesses derive from the same juridical frame that tries to regulate adequately this relation. For whom must make fulfill the law the doubt arises when the legal frame generates unjust situations that turn into ethical conflicts , even generate violation of fundamental rights of the communities seated in the protected areas or in its zone of influence; the present articule describe an example of this situation, working on the supposition that to identify the failings and contradictions constituted in the first step to find solutions valid and effective that allow to support the fragile balance between the conservation and the utilization of the environmental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the speeches and public policies enunciated between 1900 and 1973 to foment the protection of the native forests and to develop the forest sector. The idea of the exceptional forest wealth of the country and the opportunities to foment a lumber industry is emphasized by the government, and it simultaneously showed alarm and concern for the conservation of these forests. None of these two positions resulted in a systematic and effective policy. The native forests were not subject to a program that promoted and ordered their exploitation, and the protection measures were scarce and late. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta un editorial en el que el autor comenta sobre la causa de la sostenibilidad ambiental. Discurre sobre la relación entre el medio ambiente y los seres humanos y describe la implementación de políticas asociadas con la protección del ambiente. También se considera el desarrollo sustentable, la educación y el conocimiento técnico.