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Orofacial clefts represent a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations affecting different structures of the oral cavity and face. Overall, infants with these disorders have a higher lifetime morbidity and mortality compared to unaffected individuals. Therefore, advances in biomedical research are unavoidable. Thus, the overall objective of this work was to conduct a literature review to narratively analyse the 10 main primary studies on orofacial clefts carried out in Spain, published from 2018 to date. According to this review, at an institutional level, the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) is notable with 4 articles published by the UCM 920202 research group. The Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid also stands out, with three papers related to different aspects of the personality and quality of life of cleft patients, as well as many other cognitive-emotional variables. In relation to the University of Valencia, we found two studies carried out on large samples of cleft patients. Finally, in Barcelona, an observational study on otorhinolaryngological problems in cleft palate patients is noteworthy. In conclusion, although several studies have been published in recent years on different aspects related to clefts, there is still much work to be done. Spain should craniofacial development. Large, multicenter and collaborative studies are needed to delve deeper into the aetiological mechanisms and, ultimately, into the possible tools for their prevention. Similarly, support is needed to better elucidate questions related to treatments in all dimensions of health, preferably randomised controlled clinical trials, which facilitate the transfer of knowledge and its universal accessibility within the Spanish public health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent weeks, there has been controversy surrounding multiple affiliation due to several scandals that have arisen in the Spanish scientific sphere. In Spain, this practice is not regulated and is incompatible with the exclusivity required by public administration for its full-time contracts. This article analyzes the positive and negative aspects that this practice has for the institutions and the academics who apply it. Likewise, a series of recommendations are made on how institutions could generate agreements in which all actors benefit from multiple affiliation while at the same time avoiding fraud. The authors of the paper conclude that this practice, developed in an honest and agreed upon manner with the institutions involved, promotes outstanding advantages. In the Spanish case, it is necessary to regulate these practices in public universities within the framework of individual agreements and conventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses two state aid investigations of the European Commission that involve prominent clubs in the Spanish football, through the exposure of the factual circumstances that caused them and the substantial elements that are needed to solve them. Thus, paper's goal is comparing the theoretical and practical matters about anticompetitive state aid, through the Spanish football case. After the review of them, the document pulls out different conclusions than the European Commision ones on it's resolution about the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doctoral dissertations enable the transfer of research skills and capacities to future generations and the consolidation of lines of research in a given area of knowledge. The field of Library and Information Science in public universities in Spain is characterized by the supervision of doctoral theses by academics in the area. We identified active professors during the 2019-2020 academic year, their date of appointment as civil servants within the public university system, the dissertations that they supervised, and their participation in papers published in scientific journals. The analysis included 644 theses. About a quarter (23%) of university faculty have never supervised a doctoral thesis, and most faculty members and tenured professors (60%) show a lower than average rate of adviserships per year since their academic appointment. There is a high concentration of PhD advisers in just a few institutions and academics (8% of university professors have supervised 42% of the dissertations), with an important gender imbalance: women supervised an average of 1.8 dissertations, compared with 2.6 for men. Information units and services, study metrics and scientific publications, and information sources are the topics of 47% of the dissertations. Many of the professors with 10 or more adviserships (n/N = 12/18) lack a subject area specialization, and their role in PhD supervision was not related to their participation in research activities oriented toward publishing in scientific journals. Our results suggest that considering supervision of doctoral theses as an important academic merit could contribute to a further concentration of power and social capital among a small group of advisers. This phenomenon could reduce the plurality of topics addressed and favor suboptimal adviserships. The imbalances described emerge as another threat, exacerbating the epistemological crisis in the discipline and in the university studies in this area of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associationism, a habitual professional and academic practice in all fields, present in Spain various peculiarities in the case of Public Relations, suffering from a lack of recognition and identification as an independent discipline since its inception. In the professional field, this leads to the appearance of multiple associations that, with different names and many times obviating the words Public Relations, bring together professionals in the sector, but in the field of university research and teaching there is no such associative tradition. In order to fill this gap, AIRP, the Association of Researchers in Public Relations of Spain, was founded in 2004. 16 years after its creation, this article analyzes the meaning and usefulness of said association, both at the beginning and at present, and takes stock of the evolution of Public Relations in Spain throughout this decade and a half, in the professional field and, above all, the academic one. A methodology based on a semi-structured interview with three of the four AIRP founding professors and a content analysis of various documents, such as the census and the entity's web portal, is proposed for this. Among the results obtained, the academic impulse that the networking and associative work of the majority of Spanish researchers in the field has entailed for Public Relations, who before the existence of AIRP worked independently; a boost that translates into greater scientific recognition of the profession and a notable improvement in the indicators of scientific production associated with it, with the consequent greater presence of the discipline in the study plans and the promotion of specialized teachers. Therefore, the importance of associationism is also corroborated in the academic, non-professional sphere, especially in the case of disciplines, such as Public Relations in Spain, which needed an important work of dignity. A process to which the high level of Spanish PR researchers undoubtedly contributes, which has allowed many of them access to full professor and even professorial positions, something unthinkable a few years ago. In relation to the eternal debate on the correct translation into Spanish of the term Public Relations, the researchers are committed to maintaining the name Relaciones Públicas which, although in the professional field is elusive, in the academic field it remains, even in the name of the Degree study. Finally, in relation to the history and evolution of AIRP, the entity has notably increased the number of partners since its foundation, counting on a presence in the majority of universities that offer Advertising and Public Relations studies. This expansion, which will continue to be promoted, must be compatible, however, with its vocation as a specialized entity, absolutely focused on the study of Public Relations. The entity's most immediate challenge is the preparation of the White Paper on the Scope of Public Relations, a guide for the preparation of study plans on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To know the perceived and real difficulties of the company in Spain in relation to the implementation of R+D+i by the Spanish business, we start from the vision that employees have about the ease or difficulty of their companies at the time of doing research and development and therefore, innovation. In this paper we analyze the highlights of the survey prepared under the auspices of the "Scientific Culture Research Project: perception and attitudes towards science and innovation in the Spanish business sector" funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The results obtained advance that education and the promotion of an innovative attitude are the basis for achieving a successful business development since innovation is one of the key pillars of the maintenance and survival of companies today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article intends to continue previous studies on the state of the communication research in Spain. An in-depth study of the Spanish Communication researchers in Scopus international database is developed to monitor their productivity and visibility. Results show a limited presence and a low scientific production. In addition it is fragmented in multiple lines of research, it is little collaborative, more national than international, in Spanish and little visible. There is a polarization between two situations: visible full professors and untenured professors, emerging producers but invisible. Attending to gender differences, male researchers produce more papers and they are more visible than women. The creation of interuniversity networks that improve international publication is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the articles on educational gerontology published in the impact Spanish journals (from JCR) in the field of the education with the aim to provide a diachronic view of scientific productivity of this area between 2000 and 2014 and describe an overview of educational gerontology through quantitative and qualitative analysis of a number of variables. The outcomes reveal that the literature on educational gerontology are not bounded to a specific geographical area, the authors show a remarkable range of interests and there is a slight difference in favor of the articles done by women. Among the weaknesses highlight a production scarce, a low degree of multidisciplinarity in the articles, concerning co-authorship there are hardly any institutional and geographical collaboration and no longitudinal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish research in Documentation (or Library and Information Science, LIS) began to stand out in the 1980s, in parallel with the creation of university studies in Library and Information Science, and it increased its activity significantly until the year 2000. In this period, research in Documentation was oriented to disseminate rather than innovate, and also had a low international impact, shortage of economic and human resources, and poor methodological quality. In the first 20 years of the 21st century, we have witnessed an outstanding growth and diversification of this research activity, which has led to the overcoming of most of the problems mentioned before. The objective of the text is to present a general overview of the development of Documentation research in Spain in the last 20 years based on the analysis of five fundamental aspects: publications (articles and monographs), topics and methodologies, scientific journals, research projects and doctoral theses. General descriptive data from public statistical sources and comments from a bibliographic review are provided for each of them. As a conclusion, a very positive global balance of Spanish research in Documentation in the last 20 years stands out, not only a quantitative increase (in publications, theses, research projects, etc.) but also a qualitative improvement in the use of research methods and techniques, as well as a diversification of the research topics. In any case, internationalization (collaboration with foreign authors) and the presentation of international projects could be improved. Finally, there is a risk in near future related to aging and the absence of generational renewal of the research staff that can will slow down this growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies Spanish articles on 67 covering human resource management topics in order to analyze the evolution of the research in human resource management conducted in Spain between 2001 and 2010. Our results show a strong increase in the number of Spanish articles published in the management area, and in particular in human resource management. This growth is larger than that found for the four larger European countries during the same period. This larger presence of Spanish research in human resource management journals has come together with a slight improvement in the quality of the outlets where articles have seen the light. The paper has also identified other characteristics of the research conducted by human resource management Spanish scholars during this decade, such as the predominance of quantitative analysis and the scant collaboration between researchers from different universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of the Spanish LIS profession and specialities in 2002 is reviewed. Statistical data is provided about both the number and type of Spanish libraries and archives as well as of practising professionals, according to geographic distribution, training and job description. Spanish library and information authorities are identified as well as professional associations and learned societies and conferences held. University education is also examined with descriptions of existing institutions, degree levels and data on student enrolment and teachers. The primary media for professional communication are described, in particular publishers, bulletins, scientific journals and electronic fora. Publishing output is quantified: books, journal articles, and conference papers both at national and international levels. Finally, research in the field is analysed through the total of Ph. D. dissertations presented, research articles published and research projects funded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]