Search

During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the Digital Creative City project in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The text focuses on the political context in which various actors and institutions have intervened in the crystallization of this urban project. The case is significant in sofa as you see a complex interaction of actors and institutions in the implementation of a city project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeter-minacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of political neighborhood brokers in the execution of public policies in slums. It studies their relationships to the State as well as their capabilities to boost or hinder the implementation of public policies. In particular, the paper focuses on the processes of redevelopment at two slums in the City of Buenos Aires: Rodrigo Bueno and Playón de Chacarita. The evidence gathered shows that if the State and the brokers establish relationships of cooperation the process of redevelopment smoothly moves forward. On the contrary, if they come into conflict the entire process is put at risk. Furthermore, the absence of brokers compels the State to lead the redevelopment without links to the neighborhood which obstructs the development of the project. The same situation occurs if brokers lose their legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombian industrial sector is widely recognized as a good example of a diversified economy. At present, Colombian government is seeking to deepen this outstanding feature by favouring activities in new sectors intensive in knowledge and capital. Biotechnology offers an opportunity to integrate its great biological diversity into research and development (R&D) activities. A public policy paper published last year depicts a set of activities considered essential to achieve the consolidation of biotechnological sector in Colombia. On the other hand, past and current activities deployed in the context of so called Bio Trade initiatives have demonstrated to offer little space to R&D activities by public sector research institutions. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of up-stream research undertaken by public sector research institutions as well as the relevance of Intellectual property management as enabling tools for the consolidation of biotechnological sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire is one of the most frequent destructive events across the world and the main cause of alterations in the functioning of ecosystems, shifting the patterns of matter and energy exchange with the atmosphere. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to identify the area affected by fires in the province of Cordoba, Argentina, between August and September 2020, 2) to analyze the impacts through four ecosystem variables: the aerial net primary productivity (ANPP), evapotranspiration (ET), albedo, and land surface temperature (LST), and 3) to identify priority areas for restoration through multicriteria analysis. We have used Sentinel-2 images and MODIS products through the Google Earth Engine platform. Fires affected 109,307 hectares, of which 40% exhibited a moderate to high severity. ET was the most affected variable, decreasing by up to 24.8% compared to the pre-fire average situation. The impact on LST and PPNA was found to be moderate, with extreme changes of 10.2% and 10.6%, respectively. We have identified four priority areas for restoration. The low priority areas represent 50% of the total burned area, while high priority areas represent just 7%. This paper provides highly useful information for implementing public policies aimed at guaranteeing the sustainability of these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing success of gamification in higher education, it is surprising there are still no studies focusing on its implementation in the field of public policy. This paper aims to fill this gap. This article reviews the origins, benefits, and limits of gamification. It also introduces a series of activities implemented previously: the use of Lego bricks, a Kahoot contest, a urban rally, a surviving game among urban gardens, an escape game, a SimCity competition, and a simulation based on Diplomacy. This paper must be considered as roadmap that should be adapted by teachers to their own context. We advocate for a moderate and reasonable use of gamification. This trend must be considered as a simple tool to facilitate learning, and not as an end in itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moratoriums constitute strategies and instruments used by public policies to establish limitations of the growth in the tourist accommodation. They are usually justified by the need to correct market failures and incorporate rationality criteria in the territorial development of tourism from approaches linked to sustainability. Thus, they contemplate some measures aimed at establishing quantitative, qualitative and temporal limits and rhythms of tourist containment, which, in some cases, are aimed at regrowh, postgrowth or degrowth. However, sometimes these measures result from regulatory capture processes. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the measures to contain and limit the growth of the tourist accommodation supply of the tourist moratoriums. The intention is to determine if some of them approached the tourism post-growth paradigm, as well as detect some non-existent effects. desired. We base ourselves on the paradigmatic evidence of the moratorium on tourist accommodation implemented in the Canary Islands (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education of the future, relevant and internationalized, as a public good and universal right, the support of public policies and the commitment to equity and quality for the benefit of society and the Sustainable Development Goals is a very topical topic. The concepts, principles, roadmaps, vision, and thematic axes that are defined in the World Conferences on Higher Education, the Regional Conferences that precede it, demand contextualization to each region, country, territory, and institution. The objective of this paper is to reflect on the background and future impact of higher education, internationalization from the regional perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean, and the necessary integration of higher education systems to face the poor positioning of most universities and its impact on the levels of development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an analysis and reflection of the results of the project "State Capacities for a Post Pandemic Municipal Agenda", from the call Pisac Covid 19. Argentine Society in the Post Pandemic; promoted by the National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development, and Innovation (Agencia I+D+i) of the Argentine Republic. The article is based on the advances and developments made by the research teams of the project and the progress made in some lines of work for the design of national public policies for LGs. This paper first presents the hypotheses and methodology of the research project. It then outlines the characteristics of the current situation of cities, their challenges, and capacities in a global context of accelerated and deepened transformations due to the pandemic and, in the following section, the main characteristics of local governments in Argentina. Subsequently, the results of the study are presented in relation to the different dimensions of the local governments studied and the profiles identified. Finally, models of local governments are proposed, resulting from the analysis and combination of the profiles previously identified, for the design of strategies to strengthen these capacities in the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the importance of the social processes -inherent to the drive to modernise the state undertaken under the first government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo- that surrounded the gestation of works of institutional architecture as an expression of political aestheticisation. Primary and secondary sources were used to uncover a series of works of institutional architecture that laid the foundations for the modernisation and standardisation of school buildings in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results revealed the significant role played by The Foundation Company, the American company responsible for the Standard Schools, which were expressions of political aestheticisation that set the guidelines for educational architecture in Chile for the following five decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes from a regional scale the value chain that structures the Argentine space sector and the articulation between private companies and public innovation and development centers and laboratories during post-convertibility (2003-2021). The territorial cut is focused on the region of La Plata and nearby towns. Likewise, the idea of complex goods is worked on in this article, this notion refers to "project-based" products, with a high unit cost and "made to measure". hese goods are characterized by containing capital goods in their parts, thus motorizing the network of high value-added industries. In the region studied, the Faculty of Engineering of the UNLP and other research centers (UNLP-CONICET-CIC) have developed activities of fundamental importance for the Argentine space program, joining the nearby town of Pipinas, the Punta Indio Space Center (VENG-CONAE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies to promote the social economy (Morandeira, 2013) have been progressively reformulated in the Basque Country over the last five years, moving from a centralized model based on direct economic aid to one that seeks to incorporate a more holistic, ecosystemic and local approach. In the path of the main studies that collect these regulatory changes at the state level (Chaves, 2019; Fajardo, 2019; Chaves et al., 2020), in this paper address the main changes detected in the implementation of public action in the Basque Country. In this new, more territorialized and ecosystemic scheme, to the implementation of all public policy tools, both soft and hard (Chaves, 2009), organizational elements are added that tend towards models based on the co-construction of public policies (Vaillancourt, 2008). A proposal for public intervention is presented in which a model is defined with measures in collaboration with social economy entities to TRANSFORM the local development framework, the so-called "transformative public intervention". Finally, based on this third intervention model proposal, "Hernani Burujabe" is presented as a pioneering experience in the Basque Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the forms that organizational hybridity assumes in subnational state-owned enterprises in Argentina --specifically, in those at the provincial level--; as well as the characteristics of the relations with the owner state and the national state, as a basis for the study of their interjurisdictional governance. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of four cases of provincial state-owned enterprise, using primary and secondary sources. Among other aspects, it is highlighted that the orientation of the companies analyzed includes a relevant presence of their public mission, although coexisting with varying degrees of commercial objectives. Likewise, the link with the owner state is mostly hierarchical, without ignoring different levels of managerial autonomy. Finally, the predominant relations with the national state are generally characterized by cooperation, usually in terms of the implementation of public policies, which reinforces the centrality of the companies' public mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we try to analyze some recent and ongoing changes that are taking place in the Uruguayan higher education system. Based on a system historically conditioned by the presence of a single public university, we try to briefly review the changes at this educational level in recent years, hand in hand with different national governments. In a regional scenario of increasing privatization from which Uruguay was apparently on the sidelines at times, we examine the characteristics of some changes that are taking place now and may constitute advances in a certain wave of privatization. We use contributions from the educational field, higher education and public policies and we conclude the text problematizing how novel these changes are and their possible impact given certain national characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the liberalization processes and the expansion of the financial sector have changed profoundly the economic, social, and political life of the world economy. New phenomena have arisen, such as the supremacy of the monetary authorities over the fiscal ones and the transformation of national governments into creditors of the central banks. These changes have generated negative consequences, like financial instability, an increase in the number of crises, low growth, and distributive inequality. The article clarifies the need to modify relevant aspects of economic policy. It argues that attributing the role of leaders to the monetary authorities in the coordination of economic policies harms growth and distributive equity. The work claims that discretion should be returned to fiscal policy and that public intervention should guide the evolution of the productive structure. To restore discretion to fiscal policy, the quality of public policies and the levels of trust between the different institutions of national economic policy and between financial market operators and government authorities must be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the context of the enactment of Law nr. 1014 of 2006 and the implementation of the Chair of Entrepreneurship in 19 Secondary and Middle School Educational Institutions (respectively equivalents to USA Middle and High Schools) in Popayán (Cauca, Colombia). As a main methodological instrument, we used an open-ended questionnaire to obtain information from the teaching staff responsible for the Chair. The discussion of the empirical data used a mixed approach. The first phase supported the quantitative analysis to estimate the answers obtained. A second moment emphasized the qualitative approach, seeking dialogue between empirical data, reference literature, and documentary sources. The results highlight the prioritization of the entrepreneurial (instrumental and economic) conception of entrepreneurship and, to a lesser extent, differentiated curricular practices from that hegemonic vision. We concluded that the perspective of the Chair of Entrepreneurship, imposed by Law, influenced the pedagogicalconceptual improvisation derived from the municipal marginalization of political decision-making at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new technologies in higher education is now a basic instrumental skill for students. However, there are few available sources to help university professors to choose the right applications for their classes. This pedagogical proposal is based on a selection of applications of interest for teachers and students in policy analysis which aims to maintain the balance between pedagogy and technology. These applications are designed to develop skills related with the public policy cycle, along with transversal issues like policy actors, institutions, ideas and territoriality. Each application is evaluated according to three variables: it must be free-of-charge, accessible and stable. The paper also includes some comments about their graphic interface and operability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the Programa de Crédito Argentino del Bicentenario para la Vivienda Única Familiar (pro.cre.ar) on implementation processes, created in 2012 by the National Government. pro.crear programm generated expectations among citizens and different economic sectors. However, it got around several obstacles in its implementation and some of its lines were more effective than others. This paper offers a "bottom-up" view that recovers experiences and residential trayectories of Program beneficiaries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with beneficiaries and successful bidders (who could effectively access and use the credit) of pro.cre.ar (2012-2015) in the Municipality of La Matanza, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous groups have been historically, economically, socially and educationally marginalized; a phenomenon whose reperfusions still echo in present times. The efforts that have been undertaken in different areas through public policies and educational reforms have not reached the necessary scope, showing an unavoidable need to generate a real and permanent change. In this respect, first person testimonies of those involved to achieve a favorable evolution in this regard. This study uses the phenomenological method to analyze the academic experiences of 36 indigenous students of elementary, highschool or university level, of regular schools as well as indigenous ones, who live in the states of Durango and Chihuahua. It also examines their sense of identity related to their customs and traditions. The inclusion criteria that was considered for the participants was that they had to belong to an indigenous group. This research positions itself in the interpretative framework and qualitative approach, using the in depth interview and questionnaire as techniques. The obtained information was analyzed and classified in the following categories, according to the purpose of the research: customs and traditions, sense of belonging, classroom experiences and relationship with non-indigenous classmates. The results of this paper show the strong sense of belonging of the students toward their communities of origin, |but they admit that the migration to the city and discriminatory experiences have led them to stop using their native language and traditional attires. In regards to the academic aspect, they share positive experiences related to the coexistence with their classmates and their professors' teaching approach, nevertheless, they express a sense of deficiency towards their Spanish use, and even to have endured marginalization in team work because of it. The paper concludes on the importance of guaranteeing the right to use and preserve the native language and particular cultural manifestations, as well as providing a truly intercultural educational model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial planning is a public policy that aims to improve the quality of life of citizens through the development of a territorial model in the geographical space to act. Four decades after the approval of the first Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community, it is possible to carry out a critical analysis of the public policies in spatial planning developed in this period. In these decades, regulations, guiding principles, procedures and work methods in spatial planning have changed, with a definitive commitment to sustainability since the beginning of this century. All this in relation to the proposals of the European Spatial Planning Strategy and the European Landscape Convention, as basic documents of territorial planning in this geographical space. The balance of spatial planning in the C. Valenciana offers lights and shadows that must be taken as lessons for the future practice of territorial planning. The geographical discipline has played an important role in the process of implementing territorial policies in the Valencian region, participating in the elaboration of plans on a regional or subregional scale, incorporating tools, working methods and proposals in the search for a territorial balance, difficult to achieve in an area with little culture of the territory. Finally, the paper presents a series of proposals for future spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary expectations of construction of tourist accommodation at the end of the nineties in the destination of the Canary Islands (Spain) determined the convenience of intervening from the state. The purpose was to limit its unsustainable growth. The problem resulted in the way to address it, when different alternatives emerged from two groups of politicians and technicians. The main objective of this paper is to describe their behavior. This has allowed us to identify the public actors who were involved and led this pre-operational process, to discover their behavior patterns and leadership capacity, as well as the reactions of some to certain proposals and actions of others, especially when there were conflicts and divergences when multiple interests and technical and political points of view converged. For this, the content analysis approach or correlate of the moment has been chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities requires individualized support processes, especially in the transition from school to employment. Public/private collaboration initiatives are emerging as successful strategies. This paper analyzes the implementation of the Individualized Itineraries Project in Castilla y León, analyzing its impact on the professional career of people with intellectual disabilities and its incursion into public policies. From the analysis we can conclude that these programs promote the employability of the group, under a comprehensive model of intervention that transcends the intermediation, covering planned actions from training for employment to access to housing. It is also observed its consolidation within the strategy of attention to disability in this territory and its orientation towards the achievement of a new model of day centers, oriented to the professional training of people with intellectual disabilities, with the aim of achieving a new social role that contributes to their life project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an analytical model to understand, analyze and compare the state migration policies in the presence of persistent and increasingly migratory flows nowadays. Thus, migration policies are analyzed from the most critical concepts and with the historical reconstruction of the origin and development of migratory instruments and regulations. Finally, it proposes a model for analyzing the State's Governmental Logic with the help of Neo-institutionalist perspective and the Public Policies Approach; the Foucaultian-inspired debate on "technologies of power" for population control, and sociological developments on individuals' migration practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public issues regarding water are defined based on aspects of ownership and institutional responsibility, which has repercussions on their ability to implement effective actions for water resource management. The objective of this paper is to analyze government actions regarding urban water management and explain how they influence its institutional capacity. The methodology employed involved the use of institutional ethnography, which revealed the interactions between water resource management agencies and the priority action plans of governments. The findings recognize that the lack of institutional capacity is influenced by the particular interests of decision-makers who limit the political continuity of previous administrations. It is concluded that each administration addresses public issues according to their own interests, which may not always align with the needs and priorities of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the interrelation between nocturnity, youths, and systemic violence. Based on the theory of conceived and inhabited space, ethnographic work, and on-site exploration, a reconstruction of urban imaginaries "of the border" and "of the night" is presented, as well as the narratives generated by Tijuana's young residents. Thus, a distinction between the night (noctis) and nocturnity (noctem) is exposed, along with some key elements that make up the accessibility, experience, and participation of young people in Tijuana nights' nocturnity in recreational, inequality, transgression, and violence contexts. The results allow us to perceive nocturnity as a socially constructed space, complex and dynamic, with diffuse and rigid borders, that needs a comprehensive public policy that seeks the inclusion of the youth and the progressive decrease of the inequalities that affect them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes as its object of study the production of Spanish feature films by Netflix. The main objectives are the analysis of Netflix's film production and marketing strategies in the Spanish market and the identification of the platform's relationships with Spanish production companies and television in the production or co-production of original content. The results highlight the integration of Netflix in the systematized dynamics of production and commercial exploitation of successful Spanish cinema. Netflix respects its legal obligations, but also takes advantage of a protectionist system for European culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Commission considers a priority endowing citizens the necessary information and knowledge to guarantee the success of the digital transition towards DTT in the member states. From this point, this article examines European and Spanish policies of transition and follows the citizen's behaviour towards DTT. In the last part of this work, an empirical research has been developed measuring DTT citizen's knowledge and perception from 2006 to 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Objectives Methodology The development of processes framed within the so-called Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) has attracted considerable academic and political interest in Latin America, particularly in Argentina. Originating in the final years of the last century in a context of social and economic crisis, this phenomenon can be understood in empirical terms as a set of heterogeneous socio-economic experiences that have performed differently from the typical capitalist enterprise and with relative autonomy from state institutions as productive units that include associative, self-managed and democratic elements, as well as binds based on solidarity to other organisations in the field and their community in general (Pastore, 2010). The general objective of this paper is to describe the development of the SSE in the Province of Mendoza (Argentina) over the last two decades, seeking to detect the existence (or not) of a "configuration of social relations" (De la Garza Toledo, 2011) linked to this field. It is assumed that the development of a conglomerate of SSE organizations in a specific spatio-temporal context depends on the different subjects involved in it, which are connected to each other through a set of disputes and agreements, giving unity and identity to this socio-economic group. The analytical challenge of this work lies in recognising the accumulation of diverse experiences related to the SSE in Mendoza and identifying spaces of coordination between them that give them a certain unity as a whole. In other words, the aim is to transcend microscopic analyses that focus exclusively on the internal modes of work of a particular cooperative (Chaves, 1999) in order to concentrate on the processes and subjects of the SSE which, in a specific geographical environment, have made possible the emergence and constitution of new social subjects, different from those formed by capital (Rincón Gamba, 2011). This research is part of a line of work that focuses its attention on broad and heterogeneous empirical trajectories, most of which exceed the established institutional framework. The reason for this position lies in the empirical condition of the sector in Argentina and, particularly, in Mendoza; formal registers in this geographical space present, in many cases, outdated data and are not sufficient to capture informal cooperative practices, which have emerged and gained relevance over the past two decades (Gudiño, 2015; Roitman, 2011). Methodology The research approach is qualitative because its interest is directed at the ways in which the social world -the SSE in Mendoza-is interpreted, understood, experienced and produced (Vasilachis, 2006). Therefore, the data obtained through an inductive approach have been sensitive to the social context in which they have been produced. In specific terms, the research work consisted, in the first place, of compiling and reading information from secondary sources: academic articles, journalistic writings, institutional diagnoses and legal norms. In addition, there was another invaluable secondary source of information: a set of emails from the organisations that make up this network, which contained minutes of meetings and newsletters from these organisations. This was complemented with anthropological work materialised through a prolonged presence at various events associated with the subject in Mendoza between 2010 and 2015, in order to carry out adequate direct observation, not only to bring into play the ability to "see", but also to "interact" with the "other" (Ameigeiras, 2006:113), all of which took the form of ethnographic work condensed into field notes. With this material, over the course of 2015, four in-depth interviews were carried out, defined by means of purposeful sampling (Quinn Paton, 2002), given that people were selected from whom relevant and valuable information was expected to be obtained (Stake, 1998) due to their trajectory linked to the SSE. Most of these tasks and the access to detailed information on the actions carried out in the framework of the SSE were achieved thanks to the immersion and participation of the researcher in the very processes that were analysed. It was an interactive work between the one who writes and the subjects, descriptive and analytical. Finally, the systematisation of all the material obtained was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Results After the analysis of the entire SSE trajectory in the Province of Mendoza from its origins in the late 1990s until 2015, the work has found a line of historical and political continuity with roots in the unemployed movements and barter networks on the one hand, and the Mesa de Economía Social Mendoza (MESM, Round Table of Social Economy) and the Foro de Economía Social Mendoza (FESM, Forum of Social Economy), on the other. In other words, the main result of this research is the identification and description of a "configuration of the SSE" in Mendoza. This configuration began to take form from an initial stage of resistance and demands towards the state in a context of social emergency that encouraged many individuals to choose economic alternatives outside the catalogue of possibilities that were being considered at the time. For their part, both the MESM and the FESM were the political spaces that were specifically defined as instigators and promoters of the configuration of the SSE in Mendoza. In both cases, they were multi-sectoral networks. Another central aspect, as a basic unifying factor for this configuration, was the realization, in 2012, of the 5th Regional Forum on Social Economy, which ocurred together with the 2nd National Forum "Towards Another Economy". These events changed the form of work consid erably between the cooperatives, with the presence of various academics recognised in the field, as well as officials from the National Ministry of Social Development and other national and provincial agencies. A legal action was also carried out in the provincial legislature with the aim of the promotion of the sector. This meeting condensed the qualities of a revulsive "event" (Santos, 1996; Silveira, 2013) given that it transformed the fabric of the SSE, giving a certain unity and identity to the configuration of this political space. Finally, the configuration of the SSE took shape with the approval of Law N° 8.435, which condensed many of the concerns, needs and objectives that have been present in the FESM and MESM. Conclusions The SSE in Mendoza, as a configuration, presents porous limits. This is probably due, among other things, to the absence of major definitions of its work and its economic project, which stems from the high degree of social, political and economic heterogeneity and diversity that characterise the configuration. If this diversity gives it a plurality of voices, it also feeds organisational fragmentation. In other words, the intersectoriality and flexibility of this field, which have been highlighted by the subjects themselves as instigating qualities of organisation, have, over time, become obstacles that prevent some progress for the SSE in the province, as in the case of the effective implementation of Law No. 8.435, a difficulty that cooperativism has also encountered elsewhere in Latin America (Da Ros, 2007). Original Value and Limitations The plurality of the configuration of SSE in Mendoza makes it possible to consider a large number of informal experiences that are part of it, which, among other things, is expressed in the limitation that takes the form in a high degree of instability of the whole process. For this reason, the objective of understanding a process such as this requires an in-depth approach to "what really exists" (Mora and Hinkelammert, 2005), an issue resolved by means of an interpretative analysis using a qualitative methodology. However, it is necessary to dimension the size of the SSE configuration in Mendoza, which will allow us to better understand the impact of its activity (Carrasco and Buendía-Martínez, 2013) and, from there, to dynamise decision-making of the configuration in general, as well as the adjustment of public policies for the sector, among other ways. This paper constitutes a starting point in this pending task, while at the same time providing some analytical tools for research in other geographical spaces with similar characteristics, the main contribution of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community Education Centers, a CETP's (Council of Technical Professional Education) public program, are implemented in places of a socioeconomic context corresponding to the first and second income quintile. CECs were designed for young people who, after finishing primary school, were not able to access secondary education, to bring them closer to the traditional education system. This paper analyses how this public policy builds youth and understands young people, in dialogue with the conceptualizations of sport as a social and cultural phenomenon, making it possible to discuss the view of this public policy and to what extent it collaborates with or feeds back into the representations and meanings given to sport in the CECs. Youth is understood as a social construction from which, in this case, public policies and their implementation are conceived. This paper focusses on the importance of establishing the view on young people both from the perspective of official documents as well as from the CECs actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostensibly, Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential elections should have placed United States international policy back on a familiar path. However, despite the prevalence of a highly traditional vision of US foreign policy, the Biden administration has maintained significant continuities with the previous administration, as reflected in the policy towards China and the withdrawal from Afghanistan. In part, this is due to the constraints produced by the deep divisions that exist at domestic level. This paper aims to unravel the fundamental elements of Biden's foreign policy, focusing on possible ideological and doctrinal elements, strategic priorities, and any continuities and changes relative to his predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically studies the impact of government quality on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in a sample of 46 economies in the 1996-2018 period. In particular, we comparatively examine to what extent quality of government influences FDI inflows in two groups of countries that show relevant differences in their levels of government quality: 33 OECD countries and 13 Latin American countries. Applying panel data methods, we found that institutional quality positively affects FDI in both groups of countries, and the impact is stronger in OECD countries than it is in Latin American countries. This study reveals that the design of public policies that strengthen institutional quality is essential, particularly in Latin American countries with weaker institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze, from an inclusive epidemiological approach, the problem of current violence in our country and in Morelos, as a relational and multi-causal phenomenon that results in damage and death that are avoidable, processes that configure spaces of pain and suffering. From the analysis of two life narratives, official statistical data, journalistic notes and academic articles, some causes and effects associated with violence are identified, which have been made invisible and unattended by the authorities, evidencing the absence of effective public policies for solving this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, the treatment of vulnerabilities in the population takes on a new tone in the current conditions. To address this social phenomenon, it is necessary to implement a methodological tool of proven effectiveness worldwide, such as the multidimensional measurement of poverty. This paper aims to explain the characteristics of multidimensional poverty measurement as a tool for improving government attention to vulnerabilities from public policies. The proposal of an Observatory as a way to achieve this task. Among the results of the work are: the elaboration of an instrument for the registration of socioeconomic information in the homes of the municipality, the formation of capacities in institutions and the municipal government, the development of a mobile application and a computer software for capturing, transmission, processing and dissemination of data collected at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the efforts to combat gender-based violence in Spain since the passing of Law 1/2004. This is the applicable legal framework in the fight against gender-based violence (GBV). Based on the official data on the complaints and on the victims of genderbased violence, an empirical analysis was carried out to assess whether the public policies implemented by the Spanish government in the fight against gender-based violence have been effective. The results indicate that, even though Spain is one of the most advanced countries in this area, 15 years after Law 1/2004 was passed, the legal actions contained in it are still insufficient for the eradication of genderbased and domestic violence. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations to broaden the debate on the fight against genderbased violence in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of EU cohesion policy, as it happens more generally with the public policies that are made at the EU level, is dependent on the administrative capacity of the public organizations with implementing powers within each Member State, including the regional and local tiers. The necessity to develop these skills in different territories and sectors, to guarantee the execution of the investments assigned, has required the European Commission, in cooperation with the OECD in some initiatives, to provide diverse tools for national Administrations to help them to strengthen these skills. This contribution reviews the conceptual literature on policy capacity, and it clarifies the definition of administrative capacity. Furthermore, it examines various empirical papers that deal with the link between administrative capacity and the absorption of EU funds, along with the main projects for administrative capacity development that have been conducted by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an ethnographic approach, including various techniques such as bibliographic analysis, analysis of documents and archives and longterm field work in Pilagá communities, this article analyzes --various transformations of Pilagá basketry between 1978 and 2014. Our research highlights the creation of an indigenous craft and its simultaneous attachment to the Pilagá identity as authentic. In addition, the paper examines and identifies the various transformations and their dialogue with market trends and public cultural policies --both in presence and absence--, in relation to artisanry in the province of Formosa, within a field that includes multiple actors holding unequal power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community-based modality is consolidating as a way of organizing tourism in rural areas, although its conceptualization and implementation is diverse. The State has a relevant role in the promotion, planning and extension of tour-ism in a territory. For this reason, we are interested in analyzing how the notions of community tourism are constructed -and regulated- from public policies based on regulatory frameworks. Thus, this paper analyzes the course of the institutionalization of community tourism in Argentina based on its existing national and provincial legislation. As a result, we observe a diversity of ways to define rural tourism and the participation of communities based on what is meant by rural tourism and which sectors of the communities are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of scientific and technological developments in the well-being of current societies is fundamental at a political, economic and social level (Albornoz, 2012). However, not all governments perceive science and technology policies as a priority. Indeed, many neoliberal governments, mainly in developing Latin American countries, tend not to recognize this role, developing public policies that undermine the desirable development of scientific and technological research and its application. Such is the case of government management for the 2015-2019 period, which, as will be seen in the next few pages, defunded and dismantled the National Science and Technology System (Filmus, 2019). This paper will reflect on the public policies of said management regarding satellite technological development, in contrast to the policies promoted by the previous government. In the first place, the social value of scientific and technological development and public science and technology policies will be made explicit. Then, an overview will be given of the way in which these policies have been developed in the period 2003-2019. Finally, the ARSAT case will be analyzed and contextualized in said panorama, by virtue of accounting for the importance of the implementation of state public policies linked to technological development, in this particular case to the construction of geostationary satellites for telecommunications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the scientific literature on return migration in Colombia that assesses and sheds light on the importance of this phenomenon in terms of its empirical contributions, in the first two decades of the present century. To do so, four dimensions of analysis are used as a starting point: what and who are the returnees; where they return to —the territorial scale of return from an ontological viewpoint, specifically, the territorial dimension—; the reasons for return; and the public policies of return. The bibliographic review and selection strategy was undertaken in four phases: 1) bibliographic search in indexing and abstracting systems (SIR): ALAP-OIM, DOAJ, Redalyc, Scopus, Seriunam, Clacso, Clase, LatAM-Estudios, Redib, SciELO Colombia, Biblat, Publindex-Colombia, Cepal and Web of Science; 2) purging of duplicate studies; 3) eligibility; and 4) specific selection. The total number of papers located was 424. Of these, a total of 127 were selected according to the inclusion-exclusion and methodological evaluation criteria. Despite the progress made, we concluded that there is a lack of studies on return migration in areas such as family, multidimensional reintegration, transnationalism, and political participation. There are also few studies that address current return from Venezuela, making it difficult to design policies to manage the phenomenon. Finally, the originality of this article consists in the dimensions of the analysis of return and its temporality. This in the light of a methodological procedure using grounded theory, in which each scientific text constituted a heuristic and hermeneutic unit of comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at identifying good practices in different systems of Vocational Education and Training (VET) around the world and in some regions of Mexico, with the purpose of designing a new vocational model for the state of Guanajuato, integrating the educational and employability dimensions, and considering the new trends in vocational systems, that have evolved from an exclusive action of educational centers, towards a new conception that integrates strategic actions carried out collaboratively by educational, governmental, social and economic actors in the region. This is a research project where a documentary analysis methodology is applied, exploring different sources and references of vocation systems that have been implemented by different countries and in other states of the Mexican Republic, to make the proposal of a new vocation model, which is the theoretical-practical reference to coordinate the actions of different actors in the region, which facilitates adequate decision-making by Guanajuato students about the continuation of their educational preparation at the high school and college levels, in addition to the best option for employment. The resulting model integrates two major conceptual axes and four subcategories in each axis, so that it is the initial input for the design of state public policies, as well as the formation of strategies in the educational, social and economic sectors of the state of Guanajuato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the design of public policies has gathered diverse disciplines to propose new ways to build knowledge destined to heed society's needs and opportunities. In Latin America, the multicultural and pluriethnic character of the societies has supposed special interest to their design. The case studies allow to locate experiences and to build comparisons and detailed and complex readings of the phenomena present within the territories. Through the compared analysis of four experiences led by the National University of Colombia, with a social innovation approach, this paper describes the contrasts and nuances found in the interaction of local ecosystems of collaboration. Morin's complex thinking, and the social innovation approach are proposed to analyze the contributions of the academy in the scenario of peacebuilding, through the role of mediation in the interaction of local knowledge. This is fundamental for the consolidation of territorial communal processes, and to establishing potential recommendations for the multi-stakeholder design of public policies in the pos-accords scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is framed within the Project Reinventions of schooling in public schools. Institutions, subjects and experiences in times of demands for equality and aims at the institutionalization of obligatory secondary school in socially complex contexts. The time that has elapsed, the complex sequence of programs and projects and the daily work of teachers, allow for a broad panorama of questions to be reviewed. Among these issues, in this paper we address the ways in which adults position themselves vis-à-vis young people in a school located in a neighborhood crossed by strong tensions and growing inequalities. We recovered the categories elaborated in the framework of the research to focus on views and practices in which young people are considered in their context and inscribed in the terrain of a possible inclusion. The aim is to problematize the way in which adults deal with different situations and link them to the recognition of adolescent otherness within the framework of the processes of institutionalization of extended compulsory education. In this sense, and from the analyzed accounts, we propose - from the institutional perspective - to think of the democratization of the school as a work of pluralization of symbolic places and subjective anchors, facing the obstacles arising from the erasure of the subject in the neoliberal public and educational policies since 2015 and the social conflict unleashed as a result of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance and its role in local public management is a recurring theme in contemporary specialized literature due to its contribution to the collective construction capacity of a territorial project; however, the study carried out in the last decades shows diverse conceptions and methodologic al proposals about it. The objective of this paper is to design a methodology with a governance approach for the municipal management of the housing deficit in the municipality of Palma Soriano, which allows the formulation of public policies and the elaboration of actions for their implementation. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, including dialectical-materialist, historical-logical and systemic-structural methods, accompanied by the techniques of social network analysis and prospective scenarios. The expert method and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Decision, Micmac, Multipol, Smic-Prob-Expert, UciNet software were used. The effectiveness of the proposal was validated using the Iadov method. Among the results achieved are the public policies regarding the housing deficit for Palma Soriano and the strategic actions necessary for their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the construction of the theoretical and thematic background of the research project entitled "Disability in Urban Public Space. Public Policy, Materiality, and Inclusion in Bogotá D.C." and seeks to identify the trends and main currents related to the production of public space and its impact on social inclusion or exclusion, especially of people with disabilities. The issue is addressed by contemporary debates raised by different authors about the construction and social production of space and their influence on the physical-spatial reality of cities. The studies and theorizations of these authors are critically approached in order to build a reflection about the right to the city, the spatial inclusion/exclusion, and disability in public space. For this purpose, a systematized literature review was carried out based on the SALSA methodology (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, and Analysis). As a result of this review, it became evident that there is a systematic separation between the production of physical space and social space derived from the acts of dominant power mediated by expert technocrats who conceive, project, and materialize physical space and its difference from the practices, perceptions, and experiences of those who use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of research of the current economic security in the northern region of Russia. The paper covers the influence of the National Technological Initiative system of Russia on economic security in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The main aim of the study is to explore the issues and prospects for ensuring economic security in the northern oil-and-gas producing regions of Russia as a course of priority of the policy of the government in the northern region. The authors conducted a system analysis and assessed the scientific and technical, technological, and innovative objectives of the regional economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The live streaming platforms of large operators such as Netflix have become established amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. This scenario gives rise to unequal and inequitable processes in audiovisual production, distribution, and consumption. This paper intends to vindicate, recover, and encourage the discussion on audiovisual policy-making based on cultural diversity precepts to protect Latin American cinematographies and regulate the corporate, economic, and commercial power conditions of those companies that dominate the markets worldwide. The analysis strategy was based on a documentary and statistical review that describes how Latin American cinema shows a series of asymmetries, which remain in the analog stage and increase in a digital context. The lines of work proposed from this analysis are based on ten pivotal points to establish public policies for cultural diversity in the Latin American audiovisual sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deepest impacts of extractivism are its spillover effects - the transformations it provokes in public policies (environmental, social and economic) and in terms of key concepts like development, politics, justice, democracy and nature. Based on a description of the cases of Tariquía National Flora and Fauna Reserve, Carrasco National Park and the Apolobamba National Natural Area of Integrated Management, this paper analyses the sequence of extractivism-related spillover effects on public policies, regulations and the operation of all Bolivia's protected areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the consequences for human rights and rights of nature, which are recognised in Bolivian law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread perception of corruption and the correlative disaffection of citizens towards politics and institutions have generated the implementation of public policies aimed at tackling and preventing these inappropriate practices. The Administration of Castilla y León is no exception in this panorama, and in the absence of observatories or opinion studies that evaluate its situation, it is acuratte to carry out an analysis of the institutional integrity policy developed by the Junta de Castilla y León. This paper tries to answer the following question: do the instruments of democratic regeneration that the Administration of Castilla y León has adopted between 2007 and 2021 make up a true «system of institutional integrity»? As a main result of this research, it is concluded that in Castilla y León numerous measures of democratic regeneration have been implemented that can form a system of institutional integrity, but they are still in the process of formation and development, and there is a lack of a continuous evaluation system that provides the denomination of «integral». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]