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Copyright of Técnica Industrial: Revista Cuatrimestral de Ingeniería, Industria e Innovación is the property of Fundacion Tecnica Industrial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista EIA is the property of Escuela de Ingenieria de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Perspectivas de Politicas Publicas is the property of Universidad Nacional de Lanus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigium IRE: Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Editorial Institucion Universitaria Centros de Estudios Superiores Maria Goretti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Científica is the property of Revista Cientifica, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Producción Más Limpia is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental is the property of CIEMAT, through its Centro Internacional de Estudios de Derecho Ambiental (CIEDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we built an input-output environmental model for the Mexican economy to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by this economy to the year 2030 and to explore the possibilities for their reduction. The model shows how innovative technologies applied in selected subsectors of the economy might reduce total emissions, through their direct and indirect effects on other sectors. We used the model to calculate two trajectories: one called "business as usual" and another that results from simulating a technological change in selected sectors. We conclude from the results that technological change, even limited to a few sectors, tends to produce important beneficial effects in terms of GHG reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos Geograficos is the property of Cuadernos Geograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental is the property of CIEMAT, through its Centro Internacional de Estudios de Derecho Ambiental (CIEDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ingeniería Industrial is the property of Departamento de Ingenieria Industrial, Universidad del Bio-Bio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the results of the performance diagnosis of a 6-cylinder engine-generator set, originally designed to run on diesel fuel or natural gas, operating in spark ignition mode and fueled with high butane content liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In order to assess the steady-state and transient operation of the engine-generator, an original protocol for testing and recording of operating variables was designed, based on a stepped sequence of loads, comprising cold start, idling, operation at some mean load points and at a limited full load. During the tests, the variation of crankshaft rotational speed, warm-up time, engine temperatures, block vibrations, active/reactive power and engine-generator frequency, as well as exhaust emissions were continuously logged. The results show that, during the cold starting process, the engine is slow to reach nominal rated speed, its warm-up time is lengthy and its speed response during load transients is also sluggish, the latter being reflected in the voltage and frequency deviations of the output power; also, during transients, vibration levels are intensified, though the values are within the acceptable ranges according to the regulations. The torque performance of the engine-generator set is good when operating with LPG, satisfying the requirements for class G2 engine-generator units, but during transient processes it does not meet the specifications required for class G1, in terms of frequency and voltage deviations. In light of the emission limits suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for stationary units, it can be concluded that, without appropriate adjustments and regulations particular to LPG, the engine-generator set does not meet the carbon monoxide emission limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Entornos is the property of Editorial Universidad Surcolombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mutis is the property of Revista Mutis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa is the property of Revista de Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increase in temperature in the last 50 years has had serious effects in the economy, so it is necessary to take mitigation policies to reduce its effects. In this paper, an estimation of the emission multipliers is carried out through the input-output technique, which serves as another instrument for the evaluation and analysis of the different mitigation policy alternatives. The estimated multipliers allow us to observe which sectors have the greatest impact on greenhouse gases emissions, in order to carry out a characterization of the most efficient policies in each sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions derived from human activities are considered the main cause of current climate change and the livestock sector is responsible for 18 % of the GHG emissions in CO2 equivalent. Kikuyu grass can optimize both carbon capture and carbon fixation. The aim of this paper was to identify carbon stocks in the kikuyu grass in its different compartments, above-ground biomass (AB) and below-ground biomass (BB) at 20 and 40 cm soil depth, under the traditional and silvopastoral systems in different reliefs. Six successive samplings (M) were taken according to the grazing system (traditional and silvopastoral system), and the geoform of the terrain (concave flank (CCF), convex flank (CXF), rectilinear flank (RF) and flat relief (FR)). The above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass were sampled. The statistical method used was a design in incomplete randomized blocks, two treatments were evaluated (T) (T1: traditional system and T2: silvopastoral system) with four blocks (B) in each one (B1: CCF, B2: CXF, B3: RF, B4: FR). This experiment was done from June 2016 to June 2017 in San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia, Colombia. The results allowed to determine that the roots at 20 cm depth, the dead creeping stems, and the leaves were the compartments with the highest carbon stocks (4.52, 3.58 and 1.9 ton of C ha-1, respectively). Differences were found (P < 0.05) between flat and rectilinear reliefs for the biomass of leaves, and between the flat relief with the other reliefs evaluated for the variable thick roots at 20 cm depth. The biomass produced by the plant is directly proportional to the incorporated carbon. The root biomass, both fine and thick roots, contributes to capture on average 2 820 kg and 655 kg of carbon per hectare at of 20 and 40 cm depth respectively. Kikuyu grass contributes to keep carbon reserves in the grasslands. Due to the high production of below-ground biomass and creeping stems, and its high capacity of regrowth under adverse conditions, this grass plays an important role in the reduction of GHG and the conservation of high tropical soils under specialized dairy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trayectorias is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon footprint allows quantifying the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent that are released to the atmosphere as a result of the development of any activity. In this paper, the carbon footprint in sugar production is estimated, and the sugar mill "Argeo Martínez", located in the province of Guantanamo, is selected as the object of study. The methodology established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was based on the use of emission factors published by different sources for the inventory of the emissions corresponding to the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 harvests. As a result, the estimated greenhouse gas totals were obtained for the analyzed periods of 8 126, 09 tCO2eq and 5 099, 76 tCO2eq. Carbon footprint was determined at 0,27kgCO2/kg sugar and 0,26kgCO2/kg sugar respectively. These values can be compared with other plants in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the used methodology to calculate the present and future potentials of total biomass wastes, from the economic, social, environmental and technological point of view in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. From the values of sugarcane, coffee, rice, and sawmill wastes, through information provided by the main producing companies in Cienfuegos province, it was possible to determine the total energy delivered, as well as the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. In the case of the bagasse, the total energy was 4.409E+08 MJ, leaving 137 652.9 t CO2 to emit in the atmosphere. For the filter cake it was 7.093E+08 MJ and 221 423.9 tCO2. In the case of coffee and rice residues these values were 4.808E+05 MJ with 184 tCO2 for coffee and 6.34E+07MJ with 19 868.87 tCO2 for rice, respectively. Finally, the total energy for sawmill waste was 4.108E+07 MJ and 2 346.72 tCO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable food production will be an essential activity in a future scenario of growing population and resource scarcity. The food production sector involves biological, chemical and physical processes that impact the environment in different ways: by energy demand, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, eutrophication, use of pesticides and pharmaceuticals, deforestation, and desertification, among others. Thus, the environmental impacts and sustainability of food production and consumption are of challenging complexity. For this paper, we studied energy usage and GHG emission in the production of maize, wheat and soybeans by current conventional methods that include the use of agrochemicals in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Detailed data on agricultural inputs and machinery were obtained, and life cycle inventories performed. The results show that fertilizers contribute with the highest GHG emissions and energy impacts in maize and wheat production, while herbicides contribute the most in the soybean production. Fuel is third in importance regarding energy and GHG impact. Labor was found to cause a negligible impact on such productions. Impacts on farm gate value per kilogram are similar to those in the USA and Europe. We conclude that the sustainability of the current food production depends largely on external inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colombia Forestal is the property of Colombia Forestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recursos Rurais is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to show how companies may use the Carbon footprint (CFT) to get a competitive advantage and to highlight that, despite of the crisis, more and more companies are investing in CFT issues. Authors deal with CFT from a strictly managerial point of view, like a management tool focused on improving the company's market position. With this point of view, and by mean of the adequate tools, any type of organization may decide how to position itself in a world that is increasingly concerned about environmental business and in which many public and private initiatives make more relevant the CFT management. Through benchmarking and CFT integration in the integrated management system on the companies, they can manage the CFT issues in the best way and also get the whole staff involved. Some companies, according to the information collected by the authors, have their own point of view regarding CTF, a little discussion about it may be found, as well. Let's discuss, also, about bad practices as greenwashing and commercial barriers as restrictions to free trade, as told in ISO14067. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid is the property of Anuario de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, information of the hydrogen production and environmental assessment, i.e. Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) were analyzed. Production methods can divide by either raw material (fossil fuel, water or biomass) or synthesis way (chemical or biochemical route). While chemical routes require largest energy amounts, biochemical routes have not been completely studied, in addition to technical challenges to solve. GHG from production process depends of the considerations included in these studies. GHG calculations were carried out taking dark fermentation as technology studied. The reviewed information and GHG calculations allowed to conclude about the better possibilities which let consider hydrogen as the future fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the rapid increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases derived from a growing social metabolism (use of energy and materials), the implementation of diverse technologies, including those designed to manipulate and control the weather, has been proposed as a potential solution. This paper reviews the prevailing social metabolism and its projections for the coming decades. Subsequently, the problems and challenges of climate change, its implications and the technological solutions based on weather manipulation proposed from a political discourse that advocates for a "green economy" are discussed. By describing the geoengineering proposals, their complexity, feasibility, uncertainties and potential implications are then critically reviewed. Recognizing that the use of geoengineering is more an issue of economics and politics than a technical matter, it is concluded with an appeal to open the debate on different implications and desirability of the diverse geoengineering options, starting from the premise that the main measure towards climate change is the effective reduction of social metabolism and, therefore, of emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Carbon Footprint, its origin, its relation with greenhouse gases and the methods to quantify it are presented and analyzed. The so-called greenhouse effect causes that the energy that reaches the earth at a certain rate is returned to a slower rate, increasing the temperature of the earth surface. Additionally, it is nowadays accepted that this effect is produced by some gases that are naturally emitted or produced by human actions. The Carbon Footprint is considered to be one of the most important tools for quantifying greenhouse emissions and in a general form it represents the quantity of gases emitted to the atmosphere and that is produced by human activities, and by goods and service consumption. Since there is no consensus about the definition of Carbon Footprint or the forms of quantifying it, this first part of the paper series analyzes the main concept and the main present views on the Carbon Footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of La Granja, de Ciencias de la Vida is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education & Law Review / Revista de Educación y Derecho is the property of Revista de Educacion y Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Idéias is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)