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Many Latin American universities have innovated their patents and services and generated easy-to-market developments to produce revenue. However, the lack of an adequate system to effectively transfer technology and of a frame of reference that allows universities to propose a suitable sale value for their innovations and patents, prevents them from obtaining economic benefits by distributing their products and services to public and private companies. In this study, a technical method is proposed--in addition to an effective technology transfer system--to quantify the potential that universities have and guarantee that the innovations, services and developments produced by them are marketed effectively. To do this, the potential that the university possesses is quantified and the contributions from the personnel, the research groups, the laboratories, etc. are assessed in order to then weigh the best references and define which ones have the greatest potential to be marketed. Since the objective of public universities is to generate the greatest benefit to society through non-profit products and services, measuring the true impact of these benefits through indices that quantify the social mass they impact is proposed. For this research, the invention patent developed by Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador was analyzed and the sale value and the projection of revenues that the university received were calculated. This case serves as an example for other Latin American universities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The patentometric study is an evaluation method associated with the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of science and technology. Patent analysis as a decision-making strategy through the examination of the records of inventions and innovations related to the diagnosis of heavy vehicles, aimed at avoiding failures or errors in the parts of the equipment and the saving from heavy financial charges. Objective: to determine trends in research and inventions through patents related to the diagnosis of heavy vehicles. Materials and methods: analyticalsynthetic, inductive-deductive and historical-logical methods were used in the search for the information contained in different sources. During the period 2001-2010, the evolution, origin and destination of technology are analyzed; as well as the most outstanding applicants, inventors and areas of invention, using patent databases of the United States Office, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the European Patents Organization. Results: patents were obtained that showed areas of invention that have been protected, preferentially related to the diagnosis of vehicles using digital methods in the most productive areas, the most emerging technologies and the main countries in these matters. Conclusions: the patent analysis reveals the main trends related to the diagnosis of vehicles, in addition to verifying that the existing technology and the experience transferred have led to proactive behavior optimizing business operations and reducing production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In order to detonate the transfer of knowledge, the Mexican government has established the public policy of the creation of Technology Transfer Offices (OTT); however, this policy has proved ineffective due to the inconsistency in the permanence of most Mexican TTOs. Despite this, there are some OTTs that have excelled; such is the case of the OTT of the Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla (OTT-BUAP) that was established in 2011. This office has positioned this university in the first places nationwide in the context of patent generation, reason for that this OTT has been the object of analysis of this study to answer the following question of this research: How has the OTT-BUAP managed to position itself within the best OTT in Mexico, in the field of patent management, during the 2011-2018 period? The general objective of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of the specialist in technology transfer and commercialization that is dedicated to the management of University OTTs. Regarding the review of the literature, it was found that this issue related to the performance of Mexican TTOs in the field of patent management has been poorly studied, which is why this research is justified. Method: This research is considered exploratory, qualitative, descriptive and transversal, which consisted in applying the case study methodology to the OTT-BUAP, based on six propositions made from secondary sources. Results: It was found that of the processes of intellectual property protection, consulting, licensing and the creation of spinoffs, only the process of intellectual property protection is the one that is in the maturation stage in said OTT. It was also found that the OTT-BUAP has an expert team in the drafting of patents, which was hired, specifically, for the creation and promotion of said OTT. Discussion or Conclusion: According to the results found in this investigation, the reason why the OTT-BUAP has positioned itself among the best OTTs in Mexico in the 2011-2018 period, is largely due to the fact that it has an effective patenting process, based on equitable regulations on the distribution of royalties supported by a strategic incentive plan to motivate researchers to protect the results of their research. This process was designed and managed by a researcher from the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, an expert in intellectual property protection, hired by BUAP, specifically, to form a professional teamwork for the drafting of patents and other tasks related to the transfer and commercialization of technology that comes from the BUAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the application of patents (P) in Mexico as a mechanism of technological spill to the host country. Part of a contemporary and theoretical framework that relates both variables and identifies the convenience of multinational companies to manage or safeguard knowledge. Subsequently through the Granger causality, it is shown there is no bidirectional or unidirectional causality in our country between both variab [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents lessons learned in the process of commercialization of a technology called Process for the production of sugar syrup by degradation of starch and lignocellulosic materials developed by National University of Colombia. The lessons are compiled taking into account the participants in the process, the research group, the company and the team in charge of commercialization, and were grouped into three categories: intellectual property strategy, business model structure and commercialization strategy. The results of the case study are intended to serve as a basis for the commercial management of other technologies from technology transfer centers in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the conflicts that arise in the negotiation of intellectual property between the university and the company are analyzed. Creation, technology transfer and exploitation of results: Initially the factors to consider in negotiating intellectual property arising on research projects jointly developed taking into account the stage where such research is discussed. In the second part, the conflicts that arise in negotiating intellectual property are analyzed. The text concludes that although there are two opposing logics between the interests of universities and the interests of the productive sector, collaborative research projects have to be a mechanism for closing the gap between research and the university wants to develop the research requiring the productive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2012 World Health Assembly Global Vaccine Action Plan called for global access to new vaccines within 5 years of licensure. Current approaches have proven insufficient to achieve sustainable vaccine pricing within such a timeline. Paralleling the successful strategy of generic competition to bring down drug prices, a clear consensus is emerging that market entry of multiple suppliers is a critical factor in expeditiously bringing down prices of new vaccines. In this context, key target objectives for improving access to new vaccines include overcoming intellectual property obstacles, streamlining regulatory pathways for biosimilar vaccines, and reducing market entry timelines for developing-country vaccine manufacturers by transfer of technology and know-how. I propose an intellectual property, technology, and know-how bank as a new approach to facilitate widespread access to new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries by efficient transfer of patented vaccine technologies to multiple developing-country vaccine manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems that arise in the international context and the weaknesses in different national institutions around the transfer of technology have identified the lack of methodologies for managing the acquisition of technologies protected by intellectual property. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for managing the acquisition of technologies protected by patent and trade secret. The paper presents the main activity that integrates the methodology, which includes business feasibility, selection of technology protected and bargaining of the fundamental conditions of contracts. Beside, it's shows the results of evaluation of the methodology developed by Delphi method. The main outcomes included the assessment methodology. It is concluded that the methodology is flexible, able to be applied in different technology sectors, learning ability, and contributes to effective negotiation of technology transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]