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This paper presents a first description of 18th century Eastern Bolivian lexicon, based on Seoane de los Santos' Práctico Diario. It is possible to obtain some relevant conclusions from this study, such as the use of some bolivianisms already in this moment, the abundance of Portuguese words, or the lexical coincidence of this region with the Platense area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the colonial and capitalist construction of hegemony in nation-states, emphasizing their development in Latin America and strict co-dependence between economy and politics in government structures. This situation generates a transnational reproduction of hegemony that impedes the development of more local or national emancipation processes in states of the Andean region. A possible alternative is represented by social movements in Bolivia, that, in their intent to create a counter- hegemonic horizon, attempt a unification of indigenous peoples and an ideal of the plurinational state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Analisis Politico is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The same historical documentation that provides evidence for the reasons why the Puquina language disappeared, also provides linguistic information which, in combination with archaeological studies, allows us to interpret its history in the period prior to the Inca conquest of Collasuyu, as well as during the time under Incas domination. Using the method of regressive history, and making use of various disciplines (history, archaeology, linguistics), this paper proposes an interpretation of the history of the last Puquina-speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a critical review of a major historical source on the indigenous languages spoken by the year 1600 in the former Bishopric of Charcas, the so-called 'Copia de los curatos', which, together with mapping of the information that this text provides, allows a more accurate and precise reconstruction of the territorial extension of the Puquina language during the early Colonial epoch. To be used as sources for the study of Andean historical linguistics, the published documents used for this analysis and reconstruction must be understood in their administrative context of the church and Colonial state. Knowledge of the jurisdictional changes in the Southern Andes during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and their juxtaposition on top of pre-Hispanic indigenous jurisdictions, are crucial to understanding the scope and limitations of this valuable document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper both ethnobotanical and ethnoarchaeological approaches were used to evaluate whether it is possible to identify ancient quinoa production by means of phytolith analysis of cultivation fields. Ethnobotanically, we worked with the community of Villa Candelaria town (Potosí, Bolivia), and ethnoarchaeologically with sediments from different areas of activity within the plot. The results of the analysis determined that quinoa silica phytoliths are not present at the microscopic level. Given this fact, we propose two hypotheses to explain this lack: a) quinoa phytoliths can be fragile and therefore do not survive in the sediment, and b) this possible weakness could be due to low levels of silica in the sediment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bolivia is regarded as the probable place of origin of the domesticated peanut, and an important world center of unique peanut diversity. As the first published study of its kind on peanut, this paper documents the infraspecific diversity of the crop in its country of origin and center of diverstity. 62 distinct landraces of Bolivian peanut were identified and systematically described. 42 landraces belong to Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea; 17 to A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata var. fastigiata; one to A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris; and two to A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata var. peruviana. With very few exceptions, the landraces encountered in Bolivia are almost entirely endemic to that country. The most typical peanuts from Bolivia pertain to the landraces "Crema", "Colorado San Simón", "Bayo americano", "Overo", and "Overo carenado", which are widely cultivated throughout the country. A few regions of unusually high peanut diversity can be identified. In the Yungas region of La Paz, 11 landraces were collected, of which three are endemic. In the mountainous regions of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba, 18 landraces were collected, of which six are endemic. The Department of Tarija yielded 14 landraces, of which two are endemic. All of the aforementioned landraces pertain to the botanical variety hypogaea. In contrast, the subspecies fastigiata has a remarkable center or diversity in the watershed of the Rio Beni, where 10 landraces were collected in a fairly small area, nine of which are endemic to that region. This monograph is intended to enhance the knowledge and appreciation of peanut diversity, and facilitate the conservation and use of peanut landraces by scientistis, plant breeders, and farmers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents an analysis of the political violence brought about by abuse of power and military revolutions in La Paz, Bolivia during the mid-19th century. It focuses on the Loreto Massacre in which approximately 55 political prisoners and followers of ex presidents Manuel Isidoro Belzu and Jorge Córdova were assassinated. The aim of the paper is to investigate the processes of legitimization and de-legitimization as carried out through violence by politicians against the general public. The article concludes with a discussion on state institutionalization as it was influenced by civic and political violence.

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific findings show that an adequate and positive development of social skills during childhood is an important base of social, occupational and personal adjustment through life-span. On the other hand, it has been stablished that unfit social skills development during childhood is associated with negative effects like aggressive and antisocial behaviors, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder as well as internalizing problems like depression, social withdrawal and anxiousness. For these reasons, the development of social skills as earlier as possible is crucial. In this paper we try to assess the effects of a program focused on social skills for boys and girls from the first, second and third years of Primary Education from Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia). The results show significant improvement of social competence and socialization among the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bolivia during 2007, conflicts emerged in response to the Constituent Assembly, the autonomies, and the allocation of the State's resources. The alignment of political actors in response to these issues defined the division between allies of the government and the opposition. In addition to describing these facts, this paper also analyzes the tensions among the executive, legislative and judiciary powers and the economic performance and foreign relations established by the government of President Evo Morales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the province of Jujuy, located on the northern border of Argentina and Bolivia, the widespread image of the "Bolivian pregnant woman who crosses the border to give birth on the Argentine side" orders a great deal of the perceptions, views and ideals of many Argentineans. Themes relating to material resources, to rights of citizenship and to meanings and feelings of belonging appear in stories and statements that reject and condemn these women. How are we to interpret the reactions that these women's actions provoke? What fears and anxieties are provoked by such border crossing? This paper shows that Bolivian women who cross the border are seen as a societal disturbance, and embody a double threat to "integrity": to social integrity, understood as a system of regulated inequality, and to national/racial integrity, understood as a holistic ethnic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with social and economic conditions which made possible the emergence of new social movements in Bolivia under the leadership of indigenous peoples and coca farmers. These social movements supported the president Evo Morales in December 2005 elections. It also describes hindrances and contradictions faced by this new government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding due to rainstorms over watersheds are considered as natural events causing disturbances, risks and damages to many activities, properties and even to human existence. Problems associated to this extreme event are in reality extremely complex because its occurrence is affected by many factors like physiographic, hydrografy and climatology of the basin. Characteristics and use of the soils, vegetation, size and location of populations, works and men activities also influence on the studied areas. A general methodology to deal with flooding and two case studies solved by using different professional software in Tarija City, Bolivia and from Jaruco dam until the confluence with rivers Blanco and San Miguel along Jaruco river in Havana province are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role that regulated Micro Finance Organizations (MFO) have played in the Bolivian financial sector development. Using occasional references, the paper also acknowledges the contribution of non-regulated MFO in improving welfare of poor population sectors. Among policy lessons, the results suggest that microfinance is important in developing financial deepening in similar countries, such as those in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the effect of political violence on the production of coca in the Central Andes? Does U.S. military aid reduce the amount of drugs that originate from this region? What other factors help explain the production of coca? Are the effects of U.S. military aid the same across the Andean nations? This paper tests the effects of political violence and U.S. military aid in the drug producing nations of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. Our results are consistent with existing literature that emphasizes the obstacles that governments face as they attempt to suppress markets for prohibited goods. Our comparative analysis sheds new light on the limitations of the current U.S. policy, particularly in Colombia, where political violence has strengthened the global drug trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The referendum of July 2004 in Bolivia over hydrocarbon policies in Bolivia disclosed many of the national problems that threatened social peace. This paper analyses the attitudes of different labor unions, political parties, and civic communities within the context of the referendum and how the stances of political and social actors in the referendum produced internal divisions. It also examines how these groups' different points of view on President Mesa's hydrocarbon policy contributed to the call for a referendum. The work demonstrates that for a short period of time the referendum served to legitimize Carlos Mesa's presidency but in a long run defeated of it own presidency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the magnitude and variation of ethnic discrimination accross different schooling and geographical niches of the Bolivian labor market. We find that ethnic wage differentials in the Altiplano region are associated with productivity differentials between the indigenous and non-indigenous population, and not with labor market discrimination. However, ethnic discrimination is significant -and in fact more important- than productivity differentials in the Llanos and Valle regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Digitaria is represented in Bolivia by 27 taxa: 22 species and 5 varieties. Digitaria argillacea var. nulliseta A. S. Vega & Rúgolo var. nov. is described and illustrated. Digitaria catamarcensis, D. ternata, D. setigera and D. aequiglumis var. laetevirens are reported for the first time for the country and D. laxa constitutes a dubious report for Bolivia. Digitaria gerdesii var. boliviensis and D. similis are recognized and confirmed for Bolivia and the following species are excluded: Digitaria neesiana, D. sanguinalis, D. violascens and D. corynotricha. Digitaria lanuginosa and D. setigera are illustrated with details and Digitaria fragilis is illustrated for the first time. This paper includes synonymy, iconography, geographical distribution and ecology, uses, vernacular names, specimens examined, a key for the identification of taxa is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Senecio is one of the richest genera of Angiosperms in the world, specially in the mountainous regions. In this work 114 species are reported for Bolivia, this number may probably increase as the botanical exploration of its territory improves. As in previous papers by the author the genus has been treated following a conservative concept. Three sections are accepted for Bolivia; Aetheolaena (Cass.) Hoffm., Streptothamni Greenm. and Senecio, the last one containing ten Series (treated in previous works as Sections). The Sect. Aetheolaena is represented by three species and Sect Streptothamni by 18. The series included in the Sect. Senecio have the following numbers of species: Senecio (1); Wernerioides Cabr. (1), Hualtatini DC. (2), Culcitium (H.B K.) Cuatr. (6), Crassicephali Cabr. (6); Myriocephali (Cabr.) Cabr. (18), Otopteri Cabr. (7); Corymbosi Cabr. (29), Graveolentes Cabr. (2); and Suffruticosi Cabr. (21). The following are new taxa or new combinations Senecio comosus var. culcitioides (Sch Bip) nov. stat., S. zongoensis nov sp, S pampeanus f. serratus nov. form.; S. alniphilus nov. sp. and S clivicolus var pampae (Lingelsh.) nov. stat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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