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In this paper, we analyze the role of engineering and research in the environmental licensing process in the light of institutional changes made in Chile since 2010: the creation of the Ministry of Environment and the Environmental Assessment Service. To do this, we will show the challenges posed by these new institutions, the opportunities identified and the work undertaken to address those changes. Finally, the results will be presented taking the Punta Alcalde project as a model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the social and organizational context of the conflicts produced by the salmon industry in the Los Lagos region (Chile), this article intends to contribute to implementing a new administrative model for the salmon industry 2.0 from the perspective of environmental governance. Observing the implementation of the so-called industry 2.0, this research proposed an empirical investigation (semi-structured interviews) of the perceptions of key actors in the sector with regard to the central categories of environmental governance: sustainability, public information and citizen participation. The main results of this work indicate that the development and institutionalization of the aforementioned axis are absolutely insufficient. The spirit that moves the new form given to salmon culture would not be making the guidelines of environmental governance its own, so this new model could fail. That is, the principle of sustainability is not perceived in salmon culture 2.0 due to its slow environmental recovery and its current economic and social prioritization. This study proposes the presentation of networks and strategies as a source of articulation for the governance model and the activation of new economic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge we face is to know how to design and implement corporate environmental management systems able to promote and reconcile multiple interests of social and economic actors to avoid environmental conflicts that way. We believe that better articulating the dynamics of resistance, now dispersed and fragmented, offering opportunities to autonomy, which effectively treat the conflict as a function of social arrangements, it could prevent the seams of this precarious institutional tearing further. If the claims in question requires a change in the distribution of benefits and privileges that exist in a community, the institutions put in place mechanisms of power, designed to stifle even before either expressed or, upon agreement, you could try to delete it before it gains access to relevant decision -making arena. The managers' differences and quell social conflicts, are the institutions that they should be installed in an area of more or less large or small meeting, between public and private, always looking for the social satisfaction and approval rating. However, it is clear that today, some institutions are strangled delegitimized or demolished, and there is even consensus to push them to all the authorities, that caste and mediocrity indolent, not having the ability to formulate management solutions and demonstrate their efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Nations conference on environment and development, signed the Convention on Biological Diversity, which obliges the signatory States to combat the extinction of species throughout the world. Its executive secretary said: "the services that nature offers us are free, but the man has a deep unconscious of what he represents their destruction [...] If humanity does not brake to the degradation of biodiversity, the legacy for future generations will be mortgaged [...] must have the courage to look our children in the eye and admit failure [...] admit that we continue losing biodiversity at an unprecedented pace, we are mortgaging their future". Words that initialed by premonitions future about the treatment of the extinction of a large part of the existing biodiversity, that if we do not a treatment, their destruction would speed up and we would be going against the new scheme of sustainable development. In this paper, I analyze and discuss from the perspective of social rights, environmental, and economic, compliance with subparagraphs (c) and (d) of article 10 of the said convention in the native communities of the Peruvian Amazon, an area of permanent armed con ict between the Peruvian State and the native communities. The work consists of six parts. The first explains the legal framework and jurisprudence; the second covers the methodology, and will draw attention to the method and the approach of hypotheses; the third the theoretical framework, the geographical framework and the gathering of information; The fourth on analysis and interpretation; in the fifth set out an analogy with some of the results of the European Union and countries of south America; in the sixth part formulates some conclusions and new perspectives for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]