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Until the twentieth century, study about the universe and speculation about the nature of spaceflight were no closely related to the technical developments that led to rocket propulsión. Many biological systems are adversely affected by spaceflight and It has been shown that exposure to microgravity can alter the musculoskeletal, neurosensory, endocrine, renal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems and the risk of injury due to radiation exposure resulting in deconditioning that may compromise astronauts health and performance. Maintainig health and fitness during space missions is critical for preserving performance during misión specific tasks and to optimize terrestrial recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome is a clinical disturbance characterized by the association of cardiovascular and metabolical alterations whose main pathophysiological link is insulin resistance. This syndrome is characterized by arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. In recent years it was demonstrated that adipose tissue cells can secrete several adipocitokines; one of them is adiponectin which is involved in the pathogenics of the metabolic syndrome and in the development of observed cardiovascular alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]