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Copyright of Casos & Revisiones de Salud is the property of Victor Manuel Mendoza Nunez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Injuries to the common fibular nerve and/or its derived branches result in total or partial loss of the ability to dorsiflex the ankle-foot complex. A viable option to treat this pathology is nerve transfer, which consists of using a donor nerve to restore function to a damaged nerve. The use of the nerve for the soleus muscle (SN) is frequent as a donor to restore the function of the common or deep fibular nerve, for which it is essential to know in detail the anatomy of this nerve. Twenty-two lower limbs belonging to the anatomy units of the Universities of Chile and Santiago were used. Dissection was performed until the SN was reached, the number of main and secondary branches (SB) was observed, as well as their origin and length, and the leg was divided into quadrants to determine the location of the motor points. The SN in most cases (95.4 %) is unique and originates from the tibial nerve or from the common trunk with another muscular branch. The average distance between the origin of the NS and the biepicondylar line was 28.77 mm; the average length of NS until its division into SB or direct penetration was 52 mm. The NS was divided into SB, observing that in 12 cases it was in 2 branches, in 3 cases in 3 branches and in 7 cases there were no SB. The motor points were located in the proximal fifth of the leg, 23 cases in the first lateral quadrant and 4 cases in the first medial quadrant; in the proximal quarter of the leg, 7 cases in the second lateral quadrant and 4 cases in the second medial quadrant. The data obtained will be a contribution to anatomical knowledge and reconstructive surgery of the nerves of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compilation of existing information on the musculoskeletal anatomy of the lower limb in the pedaling technique was carried out. It emphasized the importance of the muscles of the lower limb and the enormous functional relation in the sport of cycling. The importance in the development and study by the health professionals and physical trainers in order to improve performance in this exercise. However, it is important to highlight that cycling is a sport practiced by children and adults that involves the function of the musculoskeletal system for the coordination and stabilization of the body on the bicycle. It also includes an explanation of the muscles involved in the four pedaling phases used in the movement of the cranks in a circular way on its axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great proportion of the population does not exhibit an ideal posture leading to suffer skeletal muscle disorders that can be exacerbated by conditions at work. Objective: To determine the frequency of postural abnormalities among workers of a mother-child clinic in Lima. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during periodic medical evaluations of the center. Body segments were evaluated using postural evaluations and Adam´s test, while range of movement was evaluated with the goniometer. The visual analog pain scale was used to measure intensity of pain. Results: In the static evaluation, the most common disorder was elevation of shoulders in 90.4%, followed by inclination of the head in 85,1%, alterations in the lumbar spine in 58%, head rotation in 49.5%, and foot alterations in 41%. The health workers referred pain at the dynamic evaluation of the spine in 64%, of the extremities in 30% and in both areas in 6%. Conclusions: A high prevalence of postural abnormalities was found in this study with a predominance of both symptomatic and asymptomatic disorders of the spine. The inclusion of postural evaluation in routine occupational examination allowed to detect that 39% of those evaluated had postural defects requiring preventive action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the extensive upper limb neurological examination of individual muscle function, sensation in homonymous innervated territories, and nerve trunk allodynia. It mentions that two examiners blinded to symptom status performed manual muscle testing of six muscles in 82 upper limbs with or without pain, weakness, and/or numbness/tingling. It also mentions that there was good correlation between findings and symptoms for one examiner.

Objective: To describe the distribution, mechanisms, treatment and clinical evolution of patients with peripheral vascular trauma attended at a general hospital. Methods: Retrospective study among patients admitted to HNCH between 2010 and 2012.The information was gathered from clinical charts. Results: A total of 46 patients were included; 55 vascular lesions were observed, of which 43 involved arteries and 12 involved veins. The most frequent mechanism of injury was gunshot (43.5%), the most frequent reason was aggression (57%). Of all arterial lesions, 27 were on upper limbs and 16 in the lower limbs. The most frequent type of lesion was complete section (61%), and the most frequent treatment was saphenous vein graft in the sectioned arteries in 40%. A total of 12 vein lesions were observed, half of them in each upper and lower limbs; complete section was the most common lesion (59%), and ligation was the repair method more used. Out of 30 patients who suffered arterial lesions and were treated promptly, 14 had no functional limitation, 13 had some degree of limitation and 3 were amputated. Conclusions: Peripheral vascular trauma is a frequent condition, its causes and type of lesions are similar as described in the literature. Prompt initiation of treatment reduces the degree of functional limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Propeller flaps are local pedicle flaps, based on a perforator vessel, which acts as the pivot point for the skin island that can be rotated up to 180°. These flaps can be performed wherever a perforator vessel of adequate size is encountered, expanding the reconstructive options for lower limb defects. Clinical case: We present a case of reconstruction of soft-tissue defect of the leg using a peroneal artery propeller perforator flap. A review of the main advantages of this technique for reconstruction of lower limb defects is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma in extermities is an event that occurs daily in the ED. Most of the time the imaging diagnosis in simple using conventional radiology. In some in stances, persistent musculoskeletal pain that did not improve with medical management is the situation that leads back to the patient consult to explore the cause and conventional radiography shows no bone lesion pathology thus becomes a diagnostic challenge for medical personnel that delayed diagnosis and leads to complications. Given these conditions, it is important to know from the clinical pathophysiology and different types of imaging diagnostic aids that allow time to diagnose occult fractures. Our goal is to assess the use fullness of different diagnostic imaging techniques in the study of hidden fractures performing a systematic search in the literature of its pathophysiology, characteristics, interpretation, rational and appropriate use of diagnostic imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Médica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Patient of 26 years of age, with antecedent of a healthy son, taken care of in the consultation of prenatal control without previous complications, with result of structural ultrasound to week 21 of gestation, with absence of bony structures at level sacrum and lumbar column, with alteration in the position of both extremities interiors and alteration in angle of the feet. Integra the diagnosis of syndrome of caudal regression, and previous informed consent by virtue of prognostic fetal, is decided the interruption of the pregnancy by vaginal route, obtaining fetus with the alterations mentioned in ultrasound, which verify clinic radiologically. The syndrome of regression of great volume is an alteration that characterizes by absence of the sacrum and a variable portion of the lumbar column; the incidence is little frequent and its etiology well is not defined, nevertheless association with diabetes exist and in recent experimental studies it has been related to alteration of gene HLXB9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative study in the bone regeneration of the natural (HAN) and syntetic hidroxyapatite (HAS) bone defects on a animal models. The biological acceptation was analize and its intervention in boneregeneration, radiographic, macroscopic and histologically was ewvaluated. The New Zealand rabbits were manipulated quirurgically, a bone defect was created on posteriorextremities, in the right ectremity HAN and HAS in the left extremity. After 3, 6, and 9 weeks radipgraphic controls were made then the rabbits were sacrified and dissected to process them by macroscopic observation and histological process. HAN group presented reabsortion and osteoblasic cellular activity increasing the bone neoformation with the osteocyte formation. The HAS syntetic seems like a inert material is incapsulated with a fibroblastic activity obturating the bone defect. We conclude that HAN is an osteoconductor that accelerated bone process regeneration like an union to the neoformation bone cells, HAS seems like a inert material is incapsulated with a fibroblastic activity obturating the bone defect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the anatomy, clinical classification and compare the effectiveness of the Valsalva maneuver vs. decompression maneuver to demonstrate reflux in the saphenofemoral junction (SFU) in patients with pelvic limb venous insufficiency (PsLsVI). Methods: A prospective study of 96 limbs in 49 patients with IVMsPs sent by the Service of Angiology in June 2008 to June 2009. The cutoff time to consider positive reflux was 2 seconds and Valsalva maneuver with 0.5 seconds decompression. Results: Of the patients studied by CEAP classification, class 3 (34.69%) was the most prevalent, class 2 (32.65%) was the second and showed that 23.7% of patients leaving negative reflux USF after the preterminal valve with Valsalva maneuver, were positive for reflux with decompression maneuver. Also according to the CEAP classification 1, 2, 3, decompression maneuver was more sensitive to demonstrate reflux. Conclusion: By doing exploration in patients with CEAP PsLsVI in class 1, 2 and 3, it should give priority to perform the maneuver of decompression, it is more sensitive in detecting reflux at the saphenofemoral junction in this patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the anatomy, clinical classification and compare the effectiveness of the Valsalva maneuver vs. decompression maneuvers to demonstrate reflux in the SFJ (USF) in patients with venous insufficiency of lower limbs (IVMsPs). Material and methods: Prospective study of 96 limbs in 49 patients with IVMsPs sent by the Angiology Service of June 2008 to June 2009. Cutting time to consider positive reflux was 2 seconds Valsalva maneuver and 0.5 seconds with decompression maneuver. Results: Of the patients studied by CEAP classification, Class 3 (34.69%) was the most prevalent, Class 2 (32.65%) was the second and showed that 23.7% of patients leaving negative reflux USF preterminal valve after the Valsalva maneuver, were positive for reflux relief maneuver. Also according to the CEAP classification 1, 2, 3, decompression maneuver was more sensitive to demonstrate reflux. Conclusion: When scanning in patients with IVMsPs in CEAP class 1, 2 and 3, should give priority to perform the maneuver of decompression, which is more sensitive in detecting reflux in the SFJ in this group of patients. SFJ (USF), APEC, pelvic venous insufficiency (IVMsPs), renal venous (IV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The french physician Morel-Lavallée described in 1853 the formation of pseudocysts after tangential traumas with separation of the subcutaneous and fascial layers in the lower limbs. Abdominoplasty has evolved as a very effective and satisfactory procedure, specially when combined with local liposuction. This technique can produce fat necrosis, seroma and Morell-Lavallée extravasations. Although not very common, this phenomenon can occur following an abdominoplasty even without liposuction. In this report we present a 67 year old woman who developed a pseudocyst of 570 gr, 2 years after an abdominoplasty without liposuction. We review the diagnostic procedures and the treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the cervical lordosis in standing posture in healthy volunteers from the Navy Medical Center, by means of measurement of the angle of Cobb. Material and methods: The present is a descriptive, cross-sectional, with descriptive statistic and stratified sampling trial. The lateral radiographs of 81 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The technique used was obtained with the patients in standing posture, with eyes opened and to assume a comfortable neutral resting position, with 1 kg. in each upper extremity. Results: 56 volunteers with medical activities, 90% displayed lost of lordosis. (Min 36º, Max 76º mean 54º). Twenty five volunteers with office activities, 60% displayed lost of lordosis (Min 22º, Max. 66º, Mean 47º). The ranks of interval for medical activities 50 to 65 º and for activities of office of 35 to 50 º (IC 95%). Conclusions: Medical and office activities are associated with asymptomatic loss of cervical lordosis, with greater association of medical activities. Lateral radiographs in standing posture, allow suitable evaluation of the cervical spine without modifying its alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, described in 1938, is an infrequent form of arthrogryposis. Material and methods: We reviewed the files of the patients with the diagnosis of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome from 1990 to 2003, and carried out an evaluation of the clinical data, family history and malformations of extremities. Results: 5 patients were included, 4 male and 1 female. Upper extremities: All patients presented adducted thumbs, 3 patients were treated with a first web release and dorsal graft with improvement of grip on larger objects. Feet: Four patients had severe bilateral rigid clubfeet, they were operated on with a posteromedial release and bilateral talectomy, satisfactory results were obtained in 4 of 6 feet according to Niki criteria. Other non orthopedic anomalies: In three patients unilateral right undescended testis; 1 right inguinal hernia. Conclusions: The patients have as common factor the whistler appearance, accompanied with mill crosses hand deformity, adducted thumbs, accompanied or not with inferior extremities deformities, intellectual capacity was normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellar dislocation may have a traumatic origin or be secondary to knee joint alterations, with predisposing factors that may occur in the lower limb, such as: abnormal knee alignment, congenital relaxation of the supporting soft tissues or muscle imbalance. Relapsing patellar dislocation is usually corrected through extensive surgical approaches to the knee aimed at centering the patella. The complications related with open techniques are restricted motion, pain or relapse of dislocation. Twelve patients with a diagnosis of relapsing patellar dislocation were seen at the South-Central Petróleos Mexicanos Hospital, and they were assessed using the Insall functional scale. The short-term results of the arthroscopically-assisted patellar centering technique were analyzed and their patellar instability-related chondral lesions were described. The results of the arthroscopically-assisted recentering procedure reported the correction of patellar instability, and a lower complication rate when compared with extensive approaches, which resulted in a quicker recovery and greater patient satisfaction. Only two cases required reoperation due to pain associated with the chondral lesions described as part of the patellar instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo explora la historia del método de Ilizarov con respecto al alargamiento de extremidades y la reconstrucción de defectos en los huesos. Este método fue introducido durante los primeros años de la década de 1980 y es caracterizada por la respuesta biológica de la osteogénesis. El artículo discute la técnica quirúrgica del fijador tanto como los posibles complicaciones.

Injuries of the distal third of the leg with deep tissue involvement are a frequent problem in reconstructive surgery. Objective: To assess the treatment of injuries of the distal third of the leg with reverse-flow fasciocutaneous flaps. Material and methods: Four cases from the University Hospital at Monterrey, which were managed with reverse-flow fasciocutaneous flaps are presented. A rich vascular plexus is provided by the septocutaneous perforators from the posterior tibial, anterior tibial and peroneal vessels. Results: We observed a good tissue cover from both functional and aesthetic point of view. The mean inhospital stay after the operation was 27 days. Time to allow full weight bearing and walking averaged 12 weeks. There were some minor complications. Conclusions: It is possible to consider the use of distally-based fasciocutaneous flaps in the lower limb as a low cost reliable surgical alternative in hospitals with certain resource limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors inform the case of horse wich showed a four-month-old of connection/attachment in the proximal median sesamoid bone of the right front/anterior limb. Taking in account de the time that had passed, the scarse limited osteogenic, ability of connective tissue surrounding the sesamoid bone, and the failure of the operation, the implant was removed and the treatment was decided with a combination of sodium oleato, mesenchimatous tissue and ficocoiloides monodental, in situ over the interruption. This formula was applied every 72 hs during 3 weeks and then once a week during 6 weeks. At the sometimes a bone regenerative was administrated orally. When the applications were finished, the horse was kept at rest for 5 months. After that period, the correction of the defect was verifiedusin X rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectrodactyly, also known as syndrome Karsch-Neugebauer, consists of a congenital deformity autosomal dominant pattern in one or more extremities, is characterized by the absence of fingers that bind especially in feet and deform in syndactyly shaped clamp. Although it is a rare condition, in some African populations is most often found as a tribal hereditary characteristic. This paper reports the case of a farmer originary from the hot zone of Guerrero in who three of the extremities are affected by this rare congenital malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sporotrichosis is one infection mycosis subcutaneous caused by the a dimorphic fungi Sporothrix schenckii, which lives as in ground, vegetables material organic and inoculate through cutaneous trauma, topographically face and extremities are common sites of affection, the presentation in abdominal area is unusual. We present the case of female patient of 37 years of age appears that initially presented and abscess of periumbilical abdominal wall, same that was drained by Service of Surgery, 3 weeks later in surgical scar presents 1 rubber and 2 nodules lymphocutaneous distribution, with the clinical findings combined the accomplishment of the culture diagnose sporotrichosis abdominal lymphocutaneous with excellent oral answer to itraconazol by 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Phlegmasia cerulean dolens is a variant ofdeep vein thrombosis.The clinical presentation includesedema, pain and cyanosisof the memberinvolved. There are many triggering factors which includes oral contraceptive use and malignancy, among others. Severe obstruction of theiliofemoral system leads to an increase ofpressureof the limb's compartmentsthat ultimatelycompromises thearterial circulation. Severity lies in the possibilityoflimb lossand evendeath. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 29 years old. Patient asks in emergency room of Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo because of limb's pain, swelling and purplish coloration, with 30 minutes of evolution. At the ingress it is found functional impotence, diminished distal pulses and saturation of 70% on the limb. Intravenous anticoagulation is initiated and Doppler ultrasonography is performed, showing suggestive signs of venous thrombosis. Emergency surgery is done, evolving with a decrease of symptoms. The patient was discharged in good conditions with oral anticoagulation therapy. DISCUSSION: When phlegmasia cerulean dolens is suspected, it is essential an early diagnosis and treatment, in order to save patient's limb and life. We must emphasize the importance of complementary tests such as ultrasound. Treatment must be aggressive, although the therapy of choice is controversial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)