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This paper is about corporate entrepreneurship as a particular field on entrepreneurship related to established business, an understudied issue in Cuba. Considering the current situation of our state owned enterprises, has a potential for business renewal that should be taken into account. Therefore, theoretical frame, external and internal conditions for corporate entrepreneurship implementation is briefly discussed. An updated assessment of our state owned enterprises is also included and, finally, some ideas about corporate entrepreneurship implementation in our country are outlined, considering a context of profound transformations on this business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provinces of Northwest Argentina have a series of competitive advantages for the development of the cannabis industry: abundant sunshine and low rainfall, agro-industrial production specialization, an associated private sector such as textiles and pharmaceutical laboratories, among others. This paper presents the productive advances and raises a series of management and articulation challenges for the provincial management firm Agrogenética Riojana to lead the emergence of the medical cannabis industry in the NOA. The conceptual approach combines elements from the literature on the entrepreneurial state, resources and capabilities and innovation systems. Through a case study, we contribute to document and discuss the advances and challenges faced by state-owned companies of the subnational level in Argentina, which are still little explored. The experience of La Rioja is relevant in this sense, given that it is currently the most expressive in terms of the number of state-owned companies at the provincial level in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the forms that organizational hybridity assumes in subnational state-owned enterprises in Argentina --specifically, in those at the provincial level--; as well as the characteristics of the relations with the owner state and the national state, as a basis for the study of their interjurisdictional governance. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of four cases of provincial state-owned enterprise, using primary and secondary sources. Among other aspects, it is highlighted that the orientation of the companies analyzed includes a relevant presence of their public mission, although coexisting with varying degrees of commercial objectives. Likewise, the link with the owner state is mostly hierarchical, without ignoring different levels of managerial autonomy. Finally, the predominant relations with the national state are generally characterized by cooperation, usually in terms of the implementation of public policies, which reinforces the centrality of the companies' public mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, at the same time that the problems of women and diversity in relation to entry and permanence in the labor market have gained visibility, gender and diversity issues have occupied a relevant place on the public agenda. In this framework, this work aims to know and analyze the gender and diversity policies implemented in national public companies in Argentina. This is an exploratory and descriptive study where regulations, documents and public information on the development and implementation of policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in national public companies were surveyed. Specifically, this paper presents a systematization of the surveyed actions, their link with current regulations and ministerial authorities, and the presence of heterogeneity of actions carried out in the different companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work reflects on the transformations, continuities, and ruptures that the intervention of the Argentinean State has undergone in infrastructure sectors. The provision and operation of railway, water and sanitation services, and the production of hydrocarbons through state-owned enterprises were justified based on various aspects. These aspects include public health concerns, the need for critical infrastructure construction, and lack of private investment, the necessity to control the production of strategic goods, control of monopolies, income redistribution, and stimulation of industrialization, among others. Building upon this contextualization, the work reflects on a set of contributions made by state-owned enterprises to the economic and social development of the country. This qualitative study systematizes a broad range of documentary sources, including specialized documents from companies and public organizations, regulations, and statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic-financial performance of public enterprises under the Sindicatura General de Empresas Públicas (SIGEP), during the Argentine democratic transition (1983-1989). For this purpose, the performance often state-owned firms is examined in four indicators: sales revenues, prices and tariffs, real fixed investment, and level of internal and external indebtedness. The statistical analysis was carried out with secondary sources, based on the balance sheets and publications of the syndicate. In conclusion, two decouplings are observed in the indicators examined, which significantly eroded the financial capacities of the companies, continuing with the dynamics installed during the last civil-military dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1948, the Chilean commercial aviation sector was reformed. The Civil Aeronautics Board (JAC) was created, and the Línea Aérea Nacional (LAN), which held a monopoly on cabotage rights, permitted the entry of several private carriers into the industry. In 1953 LAN's monopoly was eliminated opening a competition among airlines. Based on archival research at the JAC, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and using congressional and press records, this article analyzes the emergence of private airlines and evaluates how the end of the cabotage monopoly impacted the internal aviation market and modified both LAN and private carriers' strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessary transformation of the socialist state enterprise would provide a solution to the accumulated deformations and the loss of its own essential nature as a creator of wealth. This requires recognizing not only the delimitation of entrepreneurial and state functions, but also governance, entrepreneurial autonomy and the application of bankruptcy processes for the merger, spin-off and liquidation of enterprises. All this, together with other aspects related in this article, must be contained in a socialist state enterprise law. A set of urgent measures is required, together with the impact of the devaluation of the corporate exchange rate, in order to guarantee the necessary premises for an adequate functioning of the Cuban entrepreneurial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In updating the Cuban economic model, the need to advance in the achievement of competitive state-owned companies is raised, due to the phenomenon of globalization and changes in the Cuban economy. The importance of this project lies in the identification of the driving and dependent factors as a way to analyze the competitiveness of the Cuban company. Objective: develop a conception for the evaluation of competitiveness from the identification of motor skills-dependence of the factors that influence its scope and its analysis. Methods: Abstraction, historical-logical, questionnaires: surveys and interviews (to know the opinion of the managers and workers of the company and experts on the subject), documentary review (to verify compliance with the provisions in the governing documents and capture secondary information processed by the company), statistical-mathematical. Results: A conception was developed for the evaluation of competitiveness. Through its application, it was observed that the company under study presents limitations in its competitiveness that affect its productions, such as: the lack of access to external sources of financing and the obsolescence of the technological and automotive park. Conclusions: The conception of the applied analysis demonstrated its methodological value in that it allowed to identify the main problems that influence the competitiveness of the company, the analysis carried out highlights the preponderance of management factors for the achievement of competitiveness in the context of the Cuban company. The degree of competitiveness of EMPLAC is not satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work illustrates the role of populism in defending transgressing state-owned companies, based on the case of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) and its relationship with the Venezuelan state during the self-titled era of '21st-century socialism.' To this end, a descriptive research design and systematization of data was performed on some socio-environmental transgressions by this company between 2010 and 2020. The results point to the continued use of inflammatory rhetoric, represented by anti-elitism, defense of popular sovereignty, and the consideration of homogeneous and virtuous citizenship. These findings suggest that populism can be used as a particular discursive behavior meant to defend the legitimacy of transgressing, subservient-to-power companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article expands the idea that the public management of companies occurs at different levels, integrating a consideration of territorial issues, understood as a "base scale", not always accurately reflected in previous studies on the matter. The paper assumes that the challenge of the public management of companies is to articulate three levels: first, the global, taking into account the questions of international experiences, development models and the question of regional projection and integration; secondly, the territorial, focusing on the link with public and private actors in the specific areas of their activity; and, finally, the organizational, addressing the question of blending between structure and professionalization that might allow sustainable work at the other two levels. The article mainly appeals to secondary sources and discusses from the references provided by the specialized literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces the evolution of the Cuban state-owned enterprise (CEE) from the late 1980s to the present. It analyses the transformations in its management systems, the prevailing relationship between the centralisation and decentralisation of the economy and entrepreneurial autonomy. It also suggests directions for a programme of transformation of the state-owned enterprise, the main economic agent in the Cuban model of economic and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of «updating the Cuban economic and social model» has marked economic, political and social life in recent years. Among its central themes is the updating of the business system, which is the cardinal for economic reorganization. The present work aims to assess the separation of business and state functions in the Cuban context, based on an analysis of its definition, the monitoring of the development of the process and reflections on its current state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internal control is a kind of audit, which contributes to improve enterprise situation on their more fundamental aspects. This paper aims to determine if EPMAPA-T, the municipal public enterprise of potable water and sewer system, in Tulcán, Ecuador, has overcame the deficiencies indicated in an internal control carried out during a previous period. For this end, the so-called Neutrosophic AHP technique was used. This is a variation of the crisp AHP designed by Saaty, so that when the neutrosophic sets are incorporated, then, it is taking into account the uncertainty proper of decision making, as well as the computing with linguistic terms and the inclusion of an indeterminate element. This technique shall be applied to choose between two alternatives, either the enterprise improved its performance or not, specifically in the financial area. This is not a simple task; it needs for a mathematical tool of this kind for the many aspects that must be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory agencies were created in the 90's in the context of public utilities privatization processes, to control the new private operators. In recent years, these agencies were required to control the newly nationalized companies. This is the case of the National Regulatory Transport Commission (CNRT in Spanish), in charge of controlling the performance of new state railway companies. Difficulties arose with this control due to some legal uncertainties and to the companies' reluctance to cooperate. This situation worsens an already disorganized railway sector and negatively affects service quality and safety. A new interorganizational coordination and cooperation arrangement is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management in the closing of the productive chain of the bovine meat constitutes at present an imperative to which efforts must be dedicated, within the cattle sector, because of the challenges imposed by the scenarios of industrialization and marketing at international and national level, together with the current call to improve the Cuban economic and social model. The presence of a procedure that makes such management viable becomes a powerful tool at the disposal of the decision makers involved in this process, especially those who focus on the closure of production chains. The objective of this work is to propose a procedure that, from a systemic vision, responds to the enterprise reality of the state bovine meat sector, in the closing of the productive chain until the final consumer, with added value. From the premises and objectives that make up the proposed procedure, composed of two closely interrelated stages, in which the map of chain closure is articulated, with the diagram of determined processes, it was possible to identify the most relevant actors and processes within each link of the closure of the bovine chain. This interrelation made it possible to have a practical management solution for the closure of production chains within the municipality of Consolación del Sur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the mechanisms by which a number of Argentinian business groups, which by the end of the 1990s were outside the top hundred firms measured by sales, achieved high growth rates since 2003 in a context characterized by the foreignization of many of their bigger peers. Beyond the significant attention these received by the press, especially given the groups’ contacts with national government, no academic articles have explored their growth in a comprehensive way. The objective of this article is to fill that gap by identifying and analyzing the different growth patterns of these new business groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than 10 years of the creation of Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos S.A. (AySA), this article analyzes the re-nationalization of the drinking water and sanitation services of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, based on the study of its performance since 2006. What sort of characteristics did State management adopt? Was the concept of efficiency reconciled with the State duty to guarantee the access to an essential service? The first inquiries seem to show that State management privileged the maintenance and expansion of services over the economic results of the company. Given the change of National Government in December 2015, the continuities and ruptures with the previous period are also addressed. The analysis is based on official documents, legislation and statistics, company balance sheets and reports, newspaper articles and semi-structured interviews. This article provides empirical evidence on how State ownership works in an essential public utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. At present, it is relevant to analyze intangible aspects in the management of human capital, in order to contribute in generating useful knowledge to the decision makers for the design and implementation of policies and practices more effective in personnel management. Objective. To analyze the relationship between the variables of organizational climate and job satisfaction from the perception of employees in public and private organizations. Material and methods. Research with a quantitative, non-experimental, transversal and explanatory approach. Questionnaire was applied to personnel of organizations that agreed to participate. We sampled 133 respondents, applying descriptive statistics for their characterization. The determinants of climate and job satisfaction were identified with exploratory factor analysis and in the assessment of the relationship between both constructs the regression analysis. Results. We identified eight factors that describe the organizational climate and confirm the underlying structure of the Litwin and Stringer model. In the Labor Satisfaction variable, the theoretical proposal of Warr, Cook and Wall is confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire is adequate to obtain value superior to, 70 of the Alpha of Cronbach. Conclusions. Three dimensions of the organizational climate show positive and significant relationships with job satisfaction, providing empirical evidence from other contexts and units of analysis. These findings are relevant for human capital managers, in order to design and implement practices that contribute to improving the work climate due to the positive impacts it contributes to the satisfaction of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to our understanding of the autonomy, control and management of public agencies in Spain, based on managers’ perceptions of their financial and operational capacities as well as their mechanisms of accountability. Its findings derive from the opinions of senior officials of Spanish public agencies, gathered through a survey conducted between July and November 2013. The survey is modeled on an international collaborative project (COBRA) that aims to analyze the processes of agencification among public administrations in different countries. The results of this study suggest that managers of Spanish public agencies enjoy a high level of autonomy. The results additionally show that agencies perceived as more autonomous tend to be more accountable towards their respective parent ministries. The study thus conclude that the implementation of the public agency model has not reduced the level of accountability and transparency of public administration in Spain, but, on the contrary, has contributed to encouraging the emergence of a new public manager profile more concerned about the importance of being accountable for its activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research characterizes the public universities enterprises of Ecuador and it analyzes the results, which are presented in the practice from 2011 to 2013. The experts technical is applied, who expose and qualify the factors of greatest impact on the creation and the management of those enterprises. The Micmac method is used to identify the key factors and the Hierarchical Agglomerative to determine the degree of similarity of the impact of variables. The Dendrogram shows as a result two important clusters. As a result of this analysis deficiencies are revealed in the creation processes and administration of these companies, with unfavorable economic results in their majority, and a scarce contribution in the local development from the economic and social point of view, being constituted this work as tool for investigations guided to solve this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la empresa uruguaya Logibyte, que ofrece soluciones informáticas a empresas estatales. El autor comenta sobre la estructura organizacional de Logibyte y describe el proceso de la toma de decisiones en la compañía. También se considera la expansión de Logibyte por Sudamérica durante principios del siglo 21.

In order to increase innovation, links between R&D actors are needed. Cooperation between inventors is a common link. To study international R&D cooperation, 2082 patents are analyzed. The countries in the sample include Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Peru, Chile and Venezuela. The period of study goes from 1990 to 2006. The source of information is the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO). Results show that for total patents granted by the USPTO during the period of study, 53.94% are co-inventions. This percentage shrinks to 2.20% if one takes into account only the co-inventions with international cooperation. Mexican inventions have the highest number of foreign co-inventors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain is a remarkably complex country, due to the double decentralization. The first one is the decentralization from the central government to the autonomous communities. The second one is due to the division or institutional mitosis, that is, the deployment of numerous special purpose entities, with different functions, large staffing and increasing budgets. In this paper we analyze this latter phenomenon and the implications for public management and ex post auditing. Given its special interest, the paper focuses in the autonomous communities. It discusses the major theoretical and practical justifications and presents a detailed statistical panorama. The figures show a significant growth in instrumental public sector in Spain, as well as debt accumulation outside the scope of consolidation. In light of these results, some challenges to the audit institutions are suggested, with special attention to the monitoring of public debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute las consecuencias sociales de la nacionalización de la minería de cobre en Chile en 1971, con énfasis en la experiencia de participación de los trabajadores en la administración de la Compañía de Cobre Chuquicamata (Cobrechuqui). Algunos temas discutidos incluyen gestión de las empresas nacionalizadas, condiciones de los trabajadores de las minas y papel del sindicato de trabajadores Confederación de Trabajadores del Cobre.

The prevalence of a formal and «anonymous» concept of social propriety, on state chief means of production in socialism, has hindered the fact that the essence of its fulfillment is determined by the actual possibility of having the associate producers effectively perform all functions of social reproduction process, suiting the interests of all society. Such should become real in the entrepreneur system as a basic link of the economic relations system. Nevertheless, in the real world, it has gone from being the basic to being the last, under a centralized administrative management system. Thus, it is necessary to do away with the basically administrative, empiricist, stagnant, rigid and passive feature of traditional management model, in order to create different alternatives and ways of management in which successful national experiences, as well as international advances in this regard, are drawn upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to analyze speeches given by president Maria Estela Martinez de Perón (1974-1976) in order to identify the arguments which legitimized the use of state and parastatal violence as mechanisms to solve the Argentine society's social and political problems. The hypothesis is defended that, during this period, arguments were constructed which sustained state terrorism and legitimized repressive state action in both institutional and legal forms and in its clandestine, illegal and parastatal forms, supported and organized by the state apparatus itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work try to analyse the whole reorganization which is taking place in the main Spanish mediagroups. The abundance of regulation changes, especially during 2009, with the approval of the new Audiovisual Law (by Royal Decree) and the state-owned TV financing model, the introduction of DTT Pay TV (50% of channels per player) has given green light to the first agreements between Tele 5 channel (Mediaset) and Cuatro (Sogecable), and also between Antena 3 y La Sexta; and finally to a new public Spanish TV status, which broadcast without commercials. In this new situation is not only possible mergers and takeovers, but since television is the main asset of the great multimedia groups, there will be a deep transformation of the forces and a clear trend towards bigger oligopoly; vanishing perhaps one of the main characteristics of Spanish multimedia groups ("the mutant oligopoly"), with two o three big groups which control the whole scene (always with the permission of the main telephone companies) and the conversion of the multiple familiar groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el presente trabajo se utiliza como prisma analítico la concepción de Ernesto Guevara de la Serna sobre la construcción socialista para valorar el proceso de perfeccionamiento empresarial en Cuba. Se brindan los fundamentos teóricometodológicos básicos para comprender la interacción factor humano-propiedad- perfeccionamiento empresarial, identifica los obstáculos fundamentales que limitan la realización socioeconómica de los productores-propietarios y sus niveles de desempeño, al tiempo que se exponen las salidas posibles para alcanzar el objetivo estratégico: una empresa estatal socialista, eficiente y competitiva que haga el mayor aporte al desarrollo socioeconómico del país, como garantía de la permanencia y el avance continuo de la Revolución y el Socialismo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta una entrevista con Diego Labat, el economista y el director de la compañía petroleo de Uruguay Ancap. Comenta sobre las características comunes entre un directivo en una empresa privada y en una empresa pública. También describe los esfuerzos implementados para mantener la sostenibilidad financiera en Ancap.

The article presents the author's proposal for strengthening the energy industry in Mexico without privatizing it. The author discusses the funding of Mexican state-run oil company Pemex, argues for Pemex's strategic importance for Mexico's economy and outlines several ways of improving its organization and its research and development initiatives.

An interview with Mexican Macario Schettino is presented. When asked about the 2008 political debate about energy policy reform he comments on the urgency of reforming the petroleum sector in Mexico. Schettino considers the state-run Mexican oil company Pemex, discusses how it should be managed and compares it to other state-run oil firms like Brasil's Petrobras amd Norway's Statoil.

This article analyzes the partial privatization process of two of the most important domiciliary public enterprises in Cartagena and Barranquilla: a) Public Services Enterprise of Cartagena as the base for the "Waters of Cartagena" creation and, b) "Triple A" of Barranquilla that inherited the municipal public services enterprise after its liquidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta un editorial en el que el autor discurre sobre la gestión y el rol del gobierno en una empresa pública.