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This article reflects on the perspectives of exchange and rational choice theories in sociology as intellectual explanations. The essay is divided in three parts: one historical, one theoretical, and one epistemological. The first establishes some prominent features of the situation surrounding the emergence of these approaches, which helps us understand their historical and ideological matrix. The second examines their conceptual and methodological elements and their core theoretical positions, identifying some of their inconsistencies and virtues. In the third, the author identifies some of their underlying epistemological premises and the place they occupy in the history of enduring ideas, with the goal of better understanding their limitations and reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Raising a research problem requires clarifying the difference between real problem, problem, problematization and research problem. At the same time, it requires thinking of the researcher as the source of the problem and of reasoning, considering the three types of reasoning: deductive, inductive and abductive. It proposes four criteria to build a research problem: 1. Description of the phenomenon 2. Description of the imbalance 3. Description of the time space 4. Description of the research subjects. Finally, the difference between the paradigms in the construction of research problems is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work was proposed as the first objective to demonstrate that a consistency index proposed in 2015 as part of an attribute weighting model is not objective enough. The second objective is the proposal of a new optimization model to weight attributes that is based on an idea similar to that of the analyzed model where the limitations detected in it are not evident. To achieve the above, the significance and scope of the consistency and inconsistency indices proposed in the previous work from where the limitation was induced in the first one is corroborated with the analysis of a case study. The new model is based on extended fuzzy logic techniques and on new concepts introduced by the authors such as the weighted generalized inconsistency index of order q and the internal and external confidence coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article of reflection is based on the analysis of the postulates of bodybuilding post truth through the use of the tools of logic, which allow to warn that the postulates fall into problems of conceptualization or problems of contradiction. Given that bodybuilding is the belief that some cultures are superior to others, this essay proposes the idea that bodybuilding of the post truth is the belief that all cultures should be revered. Three arguments are analyzed: first, all cultures must be equally revered; second, western logic is different from ancestral logic; Third, all ancestral cultures have wisdom. The article will show the inconsistencies of the postulates, as well as their conceptual problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main thesis defended by Michael Tooley in his article The Nature of Laws says that relations between universals are the authentic truth-makers of nomological statements and laws. This thesis may not be attractive to a lot of philosophers, since it implies a strong realism about universals. We in turn think that some inconsistencies into which the author falls when holding his position or when he tries to show the supposed attractiveness of his view with respect to that of his opponents are more serious. This paper aims to identify such inconsistencies and demonstrate that his view of nomological statements involves a strong commitment to Platonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Discusiones Filosóficas is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, the author criticizes some aspects of Popper's philosophy, including his emphasis on the necessity of committing errors, his assertion that we don't learn by repetition or routine, his criticism of inductivism, the parallels between his scientific philosophy and his political philosophy, his excessive emphasis on the role of criticism, Popperian Darwinism, the contradiction between his "situational logic" and his "methodical individualism," and his false affirmations about war. The author also points out some of the inconsistencies of the Austrian philosopher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trayectorias is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the aims of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) is to identify the best diagnosis for patients. In order to achieve this goal, the MCMI-II suggests cutoff points in terms of base rate (BR) scores that are supported by satisfactory results in a diagnostic validity study. The three editions of the Spanish adaptation of the MCMI-II show a number of inconsistencies concerning norms to translate raw scores into BR --misprints, high discrepancies with American norms, change of norms among editions. There is also a suggestion for diagnostic BR cutoff points which validity is not supported by any empirical research. This paper analyzes problems and implications stemming from this situation. Some suggestions and recommendations are also made to overcome those problems --the most important of which is not to use the Spanish adaptation of the MCMI-II for diagnostic purposes until data to support diagnostic validity have been gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]