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Introduction: Pig farming on the Colombian Atlantic coast is characterized by backyard productions without technification and with both poor food and health management. Aims: To determine the presence of Salmonellaspp. in weaned piglets from backyard farms in the city of Valledupar (Colombia). Methods: Samples were taken in 90 piglets with apparent clinical symptoms of salmonellosis from nine backyard farms. The samples were processed by theSalmonella isolation and identification protocol of the International Organization for Animal Health. Confirmation of the species was carried out using the MicroScan Walkaway 96 automated equipment. Results: Salmonella spp. was detected in 3.3% of the analyzed samples, in three of the nine farms sampled. In addition, two positive samples were detected to Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the risk of dissemination of bacterial pathogens that not only affect animal health, due to economic losses due to deaths of piglets due to diarrhea, but also to the zoonotic potential of these microorganisms, which cause digestive and urinary problems in consumers of pork from this type of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Bacterial infections are very common in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, especially in decompensated stages; prevalence of bacterial infections in cirrhosis ranges from 32 to 44%. The most common sites of infection are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (25-31%), urinary tract infections (20-25%), pneumonia (15-21%), bacteremia (12%) and wounds (11%). Almost 75% of bacterial infections are caused by Gram negative bacteria like E. coli, Klebsiella spp, and Enterobacer spp. In recent studies, infections caused by Gram positive bacteria have increased due to the use of antibiotics and realization of invasive procedures. Our objective was to describe the clinical, biochemical and microbiologic characteristics of hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis in a third level hospital in Mexico. Material and Methods. We recollected data and performed cultures on 194 patients previously diagnosed with cirrhosis at Hospital Civil “Fray Antonio Alcalde” from June 2016 to July 2017; we analyzed the cultures made upon the entry. Results. The most frequent site of bacterial isolation was in the urine with 39 positive cultures, the most frequent pathogen isolated was E. coli extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producer in 14 cultures. The second most common site of microbiological isolation were bloodcultures with 23 cultures. Cultures of ascites fluid were the third most common with 16 positive cultures, in 9 E. coli was isolated and 5 of them with ESBL spectrum. Discussion. The findings of this study are consistent with previous studies, in which microbiological isolates in the urinary tract and in ascitic fluid are the most frequent sites of infection in patients with decompensated CH, with the bacilli G- being the most frequent microbial agents. isolated No association was established between the infection and the clinical results of the patient since the main objective was only to describe the etiology of the infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this work was to identify the proteins involved in solubilization of inorganic phosphates (Pi) of Klebsiella aerogenes and to evaluate the solubilization capacity of Pi under the influence of different carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources of bacteria isolated from La Comarca Lagunera. Method: Eihgt strains, isolated from La Comarca Lagunera forage crops and conserved in glycerol at -20° C, were used. The Solubilization Index (SI) was determined in solid medium PVK and the solubilization of Pi was quantified in liquid medium with different C, N and Phosphorus (P) sources. Bacteria with highest capacity to solubilize phosphate was identified by molecular methods. For protein expression studies, bacterial cultures were done by duplicate in two Pi sources {(calcium phosphate (CP) and aluminum phosphate (AP)} using PVK liquid medium. Proteins were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), quantified with BCATM Protein assay kit and run on 12 % polyacrylamide gel. A tryptic digestion was done and the peptides obtained were analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Proteins and their function were identified with bioinformatic tools. Results: K. aerogenes showed the greatest capacity to solubilize CP (2.31 y 2.59) in solid medium PVK with Glucose (G)-Urea (U), G-Ammonium Nitrate (AN) respectively, CP (1.97 ppm) and AP (1.36 ppm) in PVK liquid medium with G-U. Two hundred sixteen proteins were identified in both bacterial cultures, among which were found ABC transporter, Pho kinase histidine and Phosphatespecific transport system accessory protein Pho U, involved with the use of P. Discussion or Conclusion: The sources of C y N influence the solubilization capacity of Pi in native bacteria from La Comarca Lagunera. The best solubilization results were found when G and U were in the medium as source of C and N respectively. Under the conditions in this study, K. aerogenes did not express unique proteins to solubilize FC and FA. The expression levels of some proteins were different in some identified proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of micro-organisms and their susceptibility pattern among endotracheal isolates in an intensive care unit in national hospital in Lima. Methods: An observational, descriptive study was carried-out from January to December 2016, 195 positive isolates from endotracheal aspirates of patients under mechanical ventilation were analyzed. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most common bacteria isolates (28%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%). Acinetobacter spp. was highly resistant to carbapenems (90% to meropenem and 88% to imipenem). Conclusions: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen isolated in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify sensitivity profiles of the main anti-microbial agents used in the management of community-acquired urinary tract infection in pregnant women, and to make the molecular characterisation in order to confirm the existence of bacterial resistance in this population group. Materials and methods: Descriptive crosssectional study that included pregnant women with community-acquired urinary tract infection requiring admission to hospital. They were part of a study conducted in the general population. The microbiological results of the urine cultures were analysed. Isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus mirabilis were identified over a period of 12 months in 9 Colombian hospitals, and their sensitivity profiles were determined using microdilution broth and gradient diffusion tests, and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases was characterised using microbiological and molecular methods. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of these patients are presented. Results: Overall, 74 isolates were collected (64 E. coli, 7 Klebsiella spp. and 3 P. mirabilis isolates) in 73 patients. Prior use of antibiotics was documented in 58% of the patients. Resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin and ceftriaxone was 15.6%, 17.2% and 4.7%, respectively. There was extended spectrum beta-lactamase expression in three of the isolates, 2 of E. coli and 1 of Klebsiella spp. (3.1% E. coli and 14.3% Klebsiella spp.) One E. coli isolate expressed enzymes of the AmpC type. Conclusion: The presence of resistant strains to antibiotics used as first-line empirical treatment and to third-generation cephalosporins was confirmed in enterobacteria responsible for communityacquired urinary tract infection in pregnant women, produced by type CTX M-15 and AmpC extended spectrum betalactamase enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the inhibiting effect of Cranberry juice (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on microorganisms found in saliva samples of children. Methods. 80 saliva samples of children between 6 and 9 yo, both sex, of an urban primary school in Tlaxcala, were cultivated in specific media (37° C for 24 hr) isolated and identified by species and gender. 5mm holes with Cranberry juice were set into the cultures to observe the inhibiting halo effect. Resistant stubs were identified by Gram dye. Results. A total of 80 samples were obtained, 77 samples (96.25%) showed sensibility to Cranberry juice and 3 samples (3.75%) showed resistance. The inhibition halo has a ratio of 19.27 mm(sd = 6.08). Predominant microorganisms were Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus fecalis and Streptococcus salivarius. From 168 isolated microorganisms, 97% (N = 163) showed high sensibility and 2% (N=5) were resistant, vg. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Conclusions. American Cranberry juice (Vaccinium macrocarpon) showed high sensibility on saliva microorganisms found in children. Resistance of isolated microorganisms was very low. Because of its properties Cranberry juice is a promise anti-caries agent, safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the factors associated to mortality caused by bacteremia due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study, including 85 patients older than 16 and diagnosed with bacteremia by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp., hospitalized between 2006 and 2008 in Cayetano Heredia National Hospital. Cohorts were classified according to the ESBL production following blood culture results. Factors associated to gross and attributable mortality were evaluated using the Poisson regression in a multivariate model, through which adjusted relative risks (ARRs) were obtained. Mortality curves were also built. Results. 35.3% of bacteremia cases were caused by ESBL-producing strains. The analysis of gross mortality showed a higher mortality rate in the group with ESBL producing strains (63.3%), ARR being 1.5 (CI 95%: 1.02-2.3). In the case of the attributable mortality, the proportion was also higher (63.3%), ARR being 1.9 (CI 95%: 1.2-2.9). The use of a central venous catheter was another factor associated to both gross mortality (ARR= 2.4; CI 95%: 1.2-4.8) and attributable mortality (ARR= 3.8; CI 95%: 1.6-8.8). Conclusions. The production of ESBL is an independent risk factor for bacteremia mortality caused by E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Its presence should be evaluated following diagnosis consideration and initial therapy elaboration, which could in turn decrease the mortality by this cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance of microorganisms to commercial drugs and plaguicides tend to increase; thus, the search for new antimicrobial agents of natural sources including essential oils, is very important. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum basilicum var. genovese L. as candidates for the development of new antibacterials. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger team. Their chemical composition was determined by GC / MS, and the biological evaluation against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al, Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson, Streptococcus suis (Elliot,) Kilpper-Bälz & Schleifer and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter) Trevisan was carried out by agar diffusion method. The chemical compositions of both oils have similarities; they are characterized by the prevalence of oxygenated monoterpenoid compounds, being the main constituents linalool, eugenol and eucalyptol. White basil and genovese oils showed a strong antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested. Phytopathogenic bacteria were more susceptible to the action of both oils than the pathogenic bacteria of animals. The results obtained indicate these oils as active ingredients for developing promising new products for the control and treatment of diseases in the fields of plant and animal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of isolation of Candida in cultures of Vascular Catheters in a high complexity hospital between 2008 and 2009 and describe the clinical characteristics of patients. Material and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study. We reviewed 783 records of intravascular catheter cultures (IVC) at Microbiology Section, Central Laboratory of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, from January 2008 to December 2009, and medical history of patients with positive culture to Candida sp. We used descriptive statistic and spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info statistical software version 3.4.3. Results: There were 467 (59.6%) positive cultures, 425 (91%) were bacteria. S. epidermidis was isolated in 215/467 (46%), being predominant in the Intensive Care Unit Newborn (ICU-RN). Candida was isolated in 42 (9%), Candida sp 43.8%, 25% C. albicans and 31.3% C. krusei. Conclusions: The frequency of isolation of Candida in VIC cultures was 9%, being the most common species C. krusei. 18.7% of patients with positive culture died. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity of positive urine cultures performed in general hospital. Material and methods: Descriptive and retrospective case series was performed at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. We revised the urine positive cultures from January until June, 2008. Results: From a total of 1249 positive urine cultures taken from non-hospitalized patients (1049 cases) the following was isolated: Escherichia coli 76% followed by Klebsiella spp. 5% and Citrobacter sp. 3%. Escherichia coli were found sensitive to amikacina, nitrofurantoína, ceftriaxona and ciprofloxacin in 93.5%, 88%, 78% and 44.59% respectively. In hospitalized patients (204 cases), the frequency was 49.01% for Escherichia coli followed by 11.39% for Enterococcus spp. and 8.42%. for Klebsiella spp. Escherichia coli was found sensitive to amikacina (88.89%), nitrofurantoína (75.26%), ceftriaxona (42.88%) and ciprofloxacin (26.04%). Nitrofurantoin showed low resistance in hospitalized patients (16.49%), as in for nonhospitalized patients (6.48%) Escherichia coli. Conclusions: Amikacin is a good option for empiric treatment. We also found a high resistance percentage in strains isolated with the most common used antibiotics. Nevertheless, less used antibiotics as Nitrofurantoin have a higher sensitivity percentage against Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the frequency of presentation and causes in frequency-dysuria syndrome in female children, in the same way a descriptive analysis of laboratory and image studies. Material and Methods: A prospective study was made based in an algoritm designed an two approach protocols that were applied in an out patient consultation, not considering the age of the patient with symptoms of dysuria and frequency. Microbiology, urine and vaginal cultures, stool samples, urinary calcium/creatinion relation, miccional cystouretrogram and renal ultrasound test were indicated. Results: The prevalence was of two cases in every 1000 female children in wich the ages were between one and fifteen years old. Age group most affected was of preschool in 50% and schoolchildren in 28%. Most frequent etiology was vulvoganinitis in 56%. Urinary infection in 41%, followed by hipercalciuria in 3%. Urine cultures isolated E. coli and klebsiella sp. with high counts and low colony formation units, being this of the most importance. Vaginal cultures reported bacterial growth for klebsiella sp., E. coli, non hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus albus. Image studies conformid two cases of cystitis and one case of vesicoureteral reflux. Recurrent disease most frequent was intestinal giardiasis. Conclusions: Frequency-dysuria syndrome in female children is relatively common and affects primarily preschool and schoolchildren. Vulvovaginitis and urinary infections where the most common causes. Urinary cultures gram-negative bacteria where isolated with high counts and low colonies. In vaginal cultures where positive for gram-positive, gramnegative, parasites and fungus. Radiology studies proved the evidence of cystitis and urethral reflux. Recurrent disease was intestinal giardiasis. Finally we emphasize the usefulness of this syndrome as a clinical diagnosis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common renal disease in childhood. To find the etiologic microorganism and an early adequate antibiotic therapy are essential to avoid permanent kidney injuries. Objectives: To know the etiologic bacteria and their antibiotic sensibility in urine cultures of children with UTI consulting University Hospital and Club Noel Hospital in Cali, Colombia. Methodology: A total of 123 children under 14 years of age that came into Emergency Service or outpatient clinics at University Hospital or Club Noel Hospital with clinical suspicion of UTI from August 2004 to February 2005 were included in a descriptive transversal study. Urine cultures were taken by supra-pubic aspiration, urine catheterization or mid strain urine. UTI definition was based on colony counts according to recollection method. Positive urine cultures, type of bacteria and antibiotic sensibility were considered for the analysis. Children having either urine cultures with colony counts inferior to recollection method, asymptomatic bacteriuria, occasional catheterization, immunosuppression, vesicostomy or previous admission to intensive care unit, were excluded. Results: Among 123 children entering to the study, 31 were eliminated for colony counts inferior to the recollection method. A total of 123 urine cultures were left for the analysis: 50% of urine cultures were obtained by catheterization, 33% via mid void stream and 17% by supra-pubic aspiration; 58% of patients were females. Escherichia coli was cultured in 72% of the cases, Klebsiella in 16.4%, Proteus 2.5% and other type of bacteria account for 9%. Antibiotics and antibacterials with sensibility over 80% were: cefixime, norfloxocin, cefuroxime, cefprozil, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, amikacin, and gentamicin. Intermediate sensibility from 61 to 70%: amoxicillin-clavulinic, cefaclor, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Sensibility under 60% was found for amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephradine, trimethoprim-sulfa, ampicillin-sulbactam, cephalothin and cefazolin. Conclusions: E. coli is the main cause of UTI in the pediatric population of Cali. Usual recommended antibiotic and antibacterial for UTI empiric therapy are cephalexin, trimethoprimsulfa, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. In accordance with the results in the present study resistance of bacteria to these medicaments was high. Antibiotics and antibacterials with better sensitivity were: cefuroxime, cefproxil, cefixime and nalidixic acid which the authors recommend for empiric oral therapy while the urine culture is in process and final results arrive. In spite of norfloxocin good sensitivity, its use should be reserved for especial cases where resistance to other antibiotics is found. If there is an indication for intravenous treatment, ceftriaxone or amikacin are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vegetal species on great scale appears as an alternative for the essential fatty acid production in human nutrition, for that reason the fatty acid composition receives special importance. Salicornia bigelovii is an halophyte that developed in arid and coastal zones like Sonora state and the peninsula of South Baja California, Mexico. It could be an alternative species in the eatable oil production. The similar fixation of N2 by bacteria associated with roots of Salicornia bigelovii and halophyte are an important nitrogen source available in coastal ecosystems. The inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azospirillum halopraeferens was evaluated during the vegetative development of Salicornia bigelovii under field conditions in two genotypes (wild genotype and cultivar SOS-10), having affected positively variable as weight, length of plants, yields of production and biochemical characteristics and contained total of ashes, protein and total lipids in seed produced. Our results suggest that both genotypes of S. bigelovii, under the conditions field used, can be improved with the application of K. pneumoniae and A. halopraeferens, showing a potential utility for agricultural producers of coastal semi-arid zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical model allow to predict the microorganisms' growing speed according to environmental such a temperature and pH. The models con be classified in three levels: 1 (Gompertz' model), 2 (Arrrrhenius equation) and 3 (expert computer systems). Food duration and safety as well microbial stability coming from new foodstuffs can we predicted and determined respectively. These equations also help to evaluate possible health risks. Ways of applying these models to Klebsiella sp. (in a model system in meat product) are shown in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of klebsiella rhinoscleromatis infection, which cause rhinosleroma and affects other parts of the respiratory tract.