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This article discusses the legal characteristics associated with gender equality and same-sex marriage according to the Civil Code of Peru. The author comments on the legal status of civil unions, marriage, and sexual orientation in the country and describes the representation of gay people and couples in Peruvian law.

The case Atala Riffo and girls v. State of Chile, is a milestone in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court, so the case has special significance, because there is evidence that in the States of the Americas there is still a high degree of intolerance and discrimination in relation to sexual orientation. In this case, this situation was caused by the Chilean judicial system, making discrimination and arbitrary interference with the privacy of Ms. Atala Riffo for being a lesbian. This reason was the main base of the decision that was resolved to withdraw custody of their daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homonationalism is a conceptual framework that allows to understand how the struggle for LGTB rights is being assimilated by national exceptionalism in order to constitute a geopolitical colonial differentiation. It builds equivalences between homosexual and national subject positions that allows the differentiation of subject positions and populations within the country and between countries, justifying policies based on the differentiation of human rights development. This phenomenon has been applied to the US and its theoretical development is being spreading throughout the world. In light of recent developments both in terms of national identity and LGTB legal rights, Catalonia could be susceptible of an exceptionalism that could lead to homonationalist discourses. This paper explores the homonationalist discourse in Catalonia using narratives from LGTBI activists. Participants identify a homonationalist discourse and recognise the presence of homo-normativity questioned by the activist. Nevertheless, a homonationalist geopolitical hierarchy is not appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El debate sobre el derecho al matrimonio de parejas del mismo sexo ocurre también en el marco de los sistemas internacionales de derechos humanos. Debido a que dentro del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos aún no hay una postura al respecto, este artículo tiene como propósito predecir cuál podría ser la decisión de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos al enfrentarse a la materia. Para ello, se explicarán generalidades relevantes sobre el Sistema Interamericano y algunas técnicas interpretativas que suele usar la Corte Interamericana al fijar el alcance de los derechos convencionales. Además, se hará referencia a un caso en que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos restringió el derecho al matrimonio solo para parejas heterosexuales, para así concluir señalando por qué la Corte Interamericana realizará una interpretación distinta a su homólogo europeo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article makes a legal and a socio-legal approximation to a social item that starts its way to find legitimacy in the Colombian society: homosexualism. The most appropriate legal figure to apply as a guaranty of the homosexual rights is the right for free sexual choice, analyzing the jurisprudence development of the figure and the fight to include some of the rights in the system. Therefore it was necessary to study the obstacles that have been present because of the deep religious and conservative habits in Colombian society, which makes difficult for modern thoughts to enter. The Constitutional Court sentences help to have a better understanding of the subject because they show us that some times the magistrates chose to be a guarantor of the rights to homosexuals as an individual, but when it is about a minority as a social group (homosexuals or same sex couples) the sentences are full of a moral load. We will also try to show society's need to include those who are not in the legal system; this way the application of constitutional principles, above them the welfare state, will be applied as it is established in the Constitution, considering the rights to no discrimination and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the life and work of Puerto Rican actor and entertainer Antonio Pantojas. The actor is a pioneer in the art of transvestism, or, female impersonation, and was a key figure in Puerto Rican gay culture during the 1970s. Pantojas credits his early exposure to transvestism to television actors from the 1950s such as Américo Castellanos, Luis Etchegoyen, and Shorty Castro. The gay culture in Puerto Rico was highly oppressed during the 1950s and 1960s, which eventually led to a gay rights movement during the 1970s.

Se presenta un mapa con información acerca de las leyes sobre la homosexualidad en el mundo.