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The high presence of macropores in the soil causes the development of preferential flows significantly altering the hydraulic conditions in the medium. The detailed study of water flow for these conditions is discussed in the theory of dual conductivity, which represents the soil through two interconnected pore systems of contrasting hydraulic properties, one representing soil macropores and the other its porous matrix. However, this approach does not consider the laws by Laplace and Poiseuille to adequately represent the influence of the pore size of each medium in the water retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity. This study presents a one-dimensional numerical model to simulate water flow through soils with a strong presence of macropores, which describes the transfer processes developed in both media with two coupled Richards equations.The model incorporates analytical representations for the soil-hydrodynamic characteristics that consider the effect of the characteristic pore size of each medium on the resistance to flow water and water retention capacity. The spatial discretization of differential equations was performed using the Galerkin finite element method and time integration with a finite difference method. The nonlinearity of the systems resulting from the discretizations is treated with an iterative method of successive approaches. The model is applied to the simulation of infiltration scenarios with typical conditions of sprinkler and surface irrigation to show its power of description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present the results of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) application as computational fluid dynamics solvers. After of short review of the basic theory and using the two-dimensional model with 9 velocities (D2Q9), the Poiseuille flow is modelled and validated the results with the analytical solutions. Also, the Lid-driven cavity is modelled and validated the results with existing data (Guía et al.). The boundary condition for static wall and moving wall are revised on the first and second model respectively. The results indicate the efficiency of LBM to simulate incompressible and laminar fluid flow. Also, that the effects of increment in the number of the lattice points, improve the computational convergence and reduce spatial oscillations of solution near geometrically singular points in the flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]