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Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a change in international politics since the 2008 financial crisis, thanks to a greater spread of economic resources and military capabilities. For many, it is a radical transformation that could spell the end of US hegemony in Latin America. This paper examines the proposition, beginning with a review of the concept of hegemony, which rather than being viewed as a structural characteristic is conceived of here as a "nuanced hegemony", in other words a network of asymmetric and hierarchical relations. We can observe not just one transformation then, but the emergence of a hemispheric context that could be described as "differentiated hegemony". The United States still occupies a central position, but its foreign policy is marked by subregional fragmentation and the externalisation of electoral priorities. The paper explores the effects at subregional level, focusing on the opportunities and challenges it presents to Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the recurrent victims of violence are indigenous women of Latin American. The films The milk of sorrow (Peru, 2009) and Ixcanul: Volcano (Guatemala, 2015) explore social representations of violence against indigenous women. Using the content analysis method, the expressions of violence in the films are revealed. These women are subject to a triple condition of asymmetry: their gender condition, the racialisation of indigenous peoples and the precariousness and social exclusion of their locations, mediated by patriarchal and colonial relations of domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various analyses have studied the hypothesis of the change in mortality rates, finding, in some cases, a decrease, which has been associated to different factors, including economic growth. This study applies a cross-quantilogram to study the relationship between GDP per capita and the mortality rate for both men and women, taking the United Kingdom as a case study. The objective is to show that there are associations between different quantiles of the variables studied. It is found that there are asymmetric associations, the results show that there is a greater impact of GDP (Gross domestic product) per capita on the mortality rate, compared to the opposite relationship. In the case of women and men, high quantiles of economic growth have a greater impact on reducing mortality rates compared to low quantiles of economic growth, this may be a factor that can be attributed to the highly loaded labor force for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to explain why there is more violence against migrants and transporters in some regions than in others. We compare the criminal ecosystem (number and type of criminal actors in a territory) and state resilience (a state's capacity to take measures to combat organized crime) in the Gulf of Urabá (Colombia) and Agadez (Niger), and provide evidence from five other subregions between 2015 and 2022 using data from the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime's organized crime index. We found that violence is a resource that hierarchically organized groups have more incentive to use against migrants and transporters than smaller or poorly organized criminal groups. The hypothesis targets only violence against migrants and transporters. More work needs to be done to address other forms of organized criminal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Casos & Revisiones de Salud is the property of Victor Manuel Mendoza Nunez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unrestricted war, defined as a war that exceeds limits, has been well-studied since its conceptual origin in 1999. However, in the West, it has been used mainly to analyze the balance of power strategies, ignoring its potential to study intra-state conflicts. This article analyzes how the organized armed group National Liberation Army (ELN) employs unrestricted warfare in Colombia. First, the concept of unrestricted warfare is developed. Then, the ELN is analyzed from its identity, ideology, and interaction with the setting. Finally, eight variables of unrestricted warfare are addressed, evaluating whether the ELN applies them. It is concluded that this group has changed its strategy towards omnidirectionality, and recommendations are made for the Colombian State in its fight against this threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brewing industry in Mexico is a key sector in the national economy. This is demonstrated by its economic performance: it generates 2.5 million direct and indirect jobs, produces a turnover of 6 billion dollars and incorporates 100 000 national farmers into its supply chain. The objective of this research was to analyze the factors that determine the competitiveness of the barley value chain (VC). Thus, links and strategies that contribute to strengthening competitiveness were characterized. Analytically, we started from Porter's four components that explain the competitive advantages of an economic actor, and the method formulated by ECLAC to identify internal and external variables of the VC, as well as their control or absence. It was found that the VC-cebada is made up of five links and its articulation is the result of the governance exercised by Grupo Modelo-ABInBev and Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma-Heineken México. Four factors explain the chain's competitiveness: level of articulation, innovation, physical infrastructure and organization. The VC is well articulated in the production zone; however, the brewers generate strong links only with large and medium)sized producers and limit the participation of small producers, generating an asymmetrical and exclusively functional vertical VC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odontología Vital is the property of Universidad Latina de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article will address the question of intercultural ethics from the critique of Ricardo Salas Astraín's proposals, in terms of explaining the way in which the question of asymmetry is understood within the intercultural translation process. From this, the need for a decolonial ethics of interculturality will be outlined, with the aim of developing different types of proposals, in terms of deepening these notions within the general framework of ethical intervention in conflictive contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pragmalingüística is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Universidad de Cadiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Latinoamericana de Seguros is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Black-Scholes model is the universal method for valuing financial options. However, this model has several deficiencies that, when contrasting its results with the observed market prices, it is evident the need to adjust the valuation methods with less simplifying assumptions that allow us to include observable aspects in reality that favor the derivation of the model. This model is a standard at the financial level since it is the valuation framework that has been used for several decades. However, in most markets, in general, the probability distribution of the returns of the assets being valued is biases and asymmetry. However, in the classic models given the restrictive and simplifying assumptions, only the first and second order statistical moments (mean and variance) are taken into account. Therefore, if higher order moments are not considered, the estimation of the theoretical value of an option would be incomplete. To this end, a methodology that will allow incorporating higher order statistical moments (asymmetry and kurtosis) to project eventual future scenarios where the stochastic process of the underlying incorporates the present uncertainty, volatility and flexibility will be proposed through a binomial approach. This approximation is known as Edgeworth expansion, from which a probability distribution is obtained that incorporates higher order statistical moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to propose a statistical methodology that allows to model asymmetric data using the Lévy distribution, a simulation study is presented under nine different scenarios to evaluate the estimation of the parameters of the distribution in the two approaches of statistics (Classical and Bayesian). The probability distributions Log-Normal, Lévy and Lévy Standard were considered to model the behavior of two real data sets with positive asymmetry, finding that the Lévy distribution fitted well to the proposed data set, therefore the Lévy distribution can be considered as a candidate to adjust asymmetric data with the presence of extreme values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Globalisation is restructuring the international division of labour. Old borders are undergoing intense changes - their function of isolation is being altered and some are becoming bridges for trade. This process is selective. Flows of labour and goods are tightly controlled, while the movement of capital is favoured. Despite the striking human drama of migration control, the borders of Melilla (Spain) and Nador (Morocco) have created opportunity for transnational capital, precisely because of the socioeconomic imbalance along the border. After analysing density maps, the labour market, and the supply and demand for services, we observed that a cross-border functional region is being formed: its urban form tending towards a conurbation hierarchically organised around Melilla and lacking any planned integration. Such integration plans are common within the European Union in border reconfiguration processes. We conclude that the asymmetrical frontier is driving the economy of a broad cross-border region that is devoid of other resources, and is following a geoeconomic approach that exploits (and maintains) inequality. Furthermore, the urban shape is similar to the model of Latin American crossborder cities. It is essential to acknowledge this reality and develop strategies of supranational cohesion and integration, and implement joint governance plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hypothesis that propose the evolution of lateralization and directional symmetry as f eatures of cooperative social species, can be tested with insects models. The main objective of this study was to verify the existence of population level lateralization in Dysdercus andreae L. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) . This species forms groups of several hundred individuals, indicating some coordination, but it is not strictly a social species. We constructed two behavioral T-mazes to respond to the stated objective, one to evaluate response with neural integration and another to evaluate escape reflex. The results show that there are lateralized population behavior and directional symmetry in Dysdercus andreae. In addition, the escape response and decisions without stress are behaviors that evolve separately in the species; individuals pref er the left to react with neural integration. In the other hand, the insects react to aversive stimuli escaping indistinctly to the right or left. Besides, there is a relationship between the direction of response without stress and the direction of escape. It can be seen, as an indicative that the population level lateralization, developing at the beginning for more complex responses, progressively influences the intuitive escape behavior, leading to the population level lateralization of this behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to study the verbal collaborative interaction in both symmetrical and asymmetrical dyads according to specific individual cognitive competence. The interaction was analyzed in terms of cognitive and non-cognitive aspects. 19 dyads (38 fifth and sixth graders) participated. First, they individually solve a set of logical problems to determine the initial level of competence. According to the outcomes, symmetric (both subjects of low level of competence) and asymmetric (one subject of low level of competence with one subject of high level of competence) dyads were made up. Second, they collaboratively resolved an equivalent set of problems. The collaborative interaction of the dyads was analyzed by a system of categories of three inclusive levels: (1) if messages were cognitive or non-cognitive; (2) it they were also affirmations, questions or answers; (3) if both cognitive affirmations and answers (both cognitive) were argumentative or nonargumentative. General outcomes showed that the asymmetry of epistemic competence was related to disequilibrium in the amount of messages and cognitive affirmations, especially argumentative, (but not in the rest of categories) in favor of the individual of higher level of competence. On other hand, symmetrical dyads showed equitable interactions related to all categories. A complementary analysis which consisted in an identification of more specific case differences related to modalities of interaction showed specific types of dyads within the general tendencies mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TRANS: Revista de Traductología is the property of TRANS: Revista de Traductologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Politico is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper shows the influence of the asymmetry of a population for the selection of sample sizes to ensure compliance of the Central Limit Theorem. A process simulation was performed using the statistical software R 3.1.0 with different types of continuous populations. The goodness of fit tests of normality Shapiro-Wilk, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling normality to evaluate different sampling distributions were used. Finally the sample sizes that guarantee according to the asymmetry of Theorem compliance is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

International Cooperation for Development (CID) despite being considered an important instrument for peaceful coexistence and stability of the international system, has failed to achieve its main objective which is the economic and social development to reduce global poverty. To demonstrate the above, a distinction is made between cooperation and assistance, stating that the first occurs in symmetrical relationships in which the parties involved give and receive, while the second is called to respond to the interests of donors. Next, it examines the conflict between national interest and cooperation, to finally reveal how unproductive has been the CID in solving the problems of underdevelopment, because its actions have been ineffective and inadequate, which can be seen with the humanitarian crisis lived in the planet today, that require an analysis from the social and political sciences standpoint and from the interdisciplinary view that characterizes bioethics as the ethic of the X XI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is geared toward reflection on gaps present in certain elements which define access to water for the poor and the persistence of this inequality in Colombia. The methodology applied favor a theoretical method and statistical approach where the asymmetric analysis of poverty is addressed, the coverage of water supply, access to water and impact born in providing an inadequate water supply service, all viewed in the urban and rural contexts. The results show that the slow development of political will to intervene the problem is also reflected in the slow progress of the variables that eliminate the inequality gap as poverty of 21.8 percentage points (PP), service coverage 47.1 PP and access to water at 44.4 PP. This, somehow, can be understood as a lack of social and environmental ethics from public affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss or conservation of the proper accent while learning or using a foreign language must be the learner's decision. By establishing his horizon of communication, the future speaker adopts a conscious position towards the importance he is willing to concede to the languages he learns and the place that they will have in his formation and professional life. At the same time, the learner considers the degree of "achievement" that he will reach during his learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We jointly parameterized the generalized autoregressive conditional het- eroskedasticity that corresponds to the behavior of the variance of three variables: (a) the core Mexican stock market index (IPC), (b) the Emerging Markets Bond Index for Mexico (EMBI) as country risk pointer and, (c) the Mexican three oil basket exports mix (MEZCLA). The variables are used as trend indicators of stocks, bonds and energetics respectively with the ultimate goal of forming a diversified portfolio including such assets. This paper presents the empirical results of an asymmetric econometric trivariate GARCH model. The model incorporates the covariance between the variables in order to explain their relationship and we considered the shocks generated by positive and negative innovations. The study involves the period 2002- 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by a viral or bacterial infection. It has also been associated with immunizations and surgeries. It is characterized by a rapidly progressive, self-limited symmetrical or asymmetrical muscle weakness. The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical and complementary findings that include albumin-cytological dissociation in CSF and changes on electromyography. Clinical case: A three months old male infant began his current illness 3 weeks after receiving immunization schedule (DPT, HiB, HPV, VPO), with fever of 38.5 ° C, followed by loss of muscle strength in left lower limb. Neurological examination: left leg: muscle strength: 0 / V, patellar reflex: 0/II aquilian reflex: I / II, conserved sensitivity. Diagnosis of post-vaccination GBS was raised, special studies are requested and treatment was begun with immunoglobulin G. In this case, an asymmetric presentation is described. Though less common, other cases have been described with markedly asymmetry which does not exclude the diagnosis. This disease was diagnosed in a three months male infant, and according to the literature, the younger the patient is, the more difficult is the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tendencias: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas is the property of Universidad de Narino, Facultad de Ciencias Economics y Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tendencias: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas is the property of Universidad de Narino, Facultad de Ciencias Economics y Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to identify the existence of bilateral asymmetry between the left and right side of beef carcasses processed at the municipal slaughterhouse of Guadalajara, Jalisco (Mexico). It was done from comparisons of three main cuts, thirty commercial portioned serves and seven anatomic-structural components. The differences were arbitrarily considered either anatomical, physical due to the mechanical process of fabrication, and the possible combination of both factors. Data generated out of 20 carcasses indicated anatomical statistical differences for the kidney, kidney fat and total fat (P<0.0178; P<0.0183; P< 0.0944, respectively) between left and right side. Bilateral asymmetry of mixed origin was statistically different was identified for the flank, chuck and neck (P<0.0005; P<0.0859; P<0.0387, respectively). The front quarter bilateral asymmetry was statistically different (P<0.0001) and considered mechanical in origin. Results support a recommendation for standardizing the observations performed in applying any grading and-or evaluation system on one side of a bovine carcass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to estimate the presence of asymmetries between the left and right carcass halves generated during the commercial slaughtering of a bovine, a condition with potential influence in the application of a further evaluation for yields, twenty three bovine carcasses were processed and split in the Municipal plant of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Each side was further split at the front and rear quarters. Measurements of the weight, internal fat and rib eye area were estimated in both sides and compared by means of a Pearson's correlation. Its degree of deviation from 1 was used as an indicator of asymmetry. Correlation coefficients of 0.9705 and 0.9587 were obtained when comparing the weight between the right and left side from the front and rear quarter, respectively. In comparison, coefficients of 0.7102, 0.7704 and 0.7649 were obtained when kidney fat, pelvic fat and rib eye area, respectively were compared. These results are considered as indicators of a possible existence of asymmetry of anatomical origin that is not influenced by the manual process of splitting the carcasses. Results are discussed in terms of their possible implication in the generation of a mathematical model to predict the cutability of a carcass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedents: The Computed Tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses plays a key role in preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. The asymmetry of the ethmoidal roof may predispose to dangerous consequences as hemorrhage, cerebrospinal fluid leak and intracranial complications. The objective is to determine the incidence and degree of asymmetry in the height and contour of the ethmoid roof. Material and methods: Retrospective, comparative and descriptive study of direct coronal paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scans of patients, whose ages varied from 1-95 years, evaluated for headache, sinus disease, or head trauma. A total of 102 sinus CT scans done at the Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez University Hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico were reviewed. The height of the foveae ethmoidalis were examined for symmetry between the right and left sides. Results: An asymmetry in the height of the fovea ethmoidalis was defined if the difference between the right and left sides was >5%. In 86 scans (84.3%), there was an asymmetry between the height of the foveae ethmoidalis on the right and left sides. Of these 86, 35 (40.6%) were lower on the right side, whereas 51 (59.5%) were lower on the left. The fovea ethmoidalis on the remaining 16 scans (15.7.0%) was symmetric. It is important to mention that the differences are statistically significant in 37.25% of cases. Conclusions: In a patient population with sinus and nasal symptoms, the height of the right and left fovea ethmoidalis was symmetric in less than 20% of individuals with statistically significant differences of >30%. This underscores the importance of careful preoperative and intraoperative review of paranasal sinus CT scans in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]