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Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Política & Sociedade: Revista de Sociologia Política is the property of Revista Politica & Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. There is growing scientific agreement that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains. This assertion has cognitive-behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. Drug therapy is traditionally focused in reducing or eliminating the nuclear symptoms of the disorder (inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity) to adaptative levels. Methyphenidate (MTF) and Atomoxetine (ATX) are two of the most popular medications for this population. Both act on the prefrontal cortex and its connections to the basal ganglia, circuits related as well to the anatomical substrate of attention, motor activity and inhibitory control. If we consider that these regions are also involved in complex cognitive processing likewise, we can conclude that, the pharmachological approaches that are effective in improving nuclear symptoms of this disorder, will have a beneficial effect on cognitive performance of these patients, and by extension on academic performance. Objective. This literature review pretend to update existing knowledge on cognitive impact of methylphenidate or atomoxetine administration in people with ADHD. We aim to deepen in the relationship between nuclear symptoms, pathologic substrate and cognitive performance with special reference to executive functions. Methods. We have done an extensive literature review in PubMed, PsycINFO and Medline databases with the keywords: Methylphenidate, atomoxetine, ADHD, Treatment, Neuropsychological assessment and child neuropsychology. Conclusions: methylphenidate has shown superiority to atomoxetine in controlling nuclear symptomatology, however, on cognitive functioning, particularly on working memory, both drugs show comparable beneficial effects in some studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral childhood syndrome and it may continue throughout adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty to maintain attention, hyperactivity and difficulty to control behavior. Its prevalence is 5% in childhood and 2.5% in adulthood. Affected individuals suffer, more than those not affected, from multiple mental problems like deficient academic and occupational performance, substance abuse, legal problems, accidental injuries, poor health choices, precocious paternity, divorce, behavioral problems, anxiety, depression, suicidal conduct, etc. The medical professionals best qualified to diagnose ADHD are psychiatrists and neurologists, especially those specialized in children. The treatment approach that has shown to be more effective in cases of medium to high severity is drug prescription (stimulants or atomoxetine as a first choice), with best results when this is accompanied by psychosocial treatment. Due to its high prevalence and the long-term impact of having this disorder, the identification and treatment of ADHD requires a public health approach. The limited number of mental health professionals and resources in our country makes it of paramount importance that primary care providers improve their ability to asses and treat ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usual story about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as stated now currently in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) and passed on to parents and patients, presents ADHD as a common disorder in childhood and adolescence, with very significant dysfunctional consequences in various areas, and whose main therapeutic approach is based on the use of stimulant drugs considered safe and effective in the long term. These drugs are the same stimulants substances whose harmful consequences are well known in other uses in adults. In this paper we have carried out an exhaustive review of the sources from scientific evidence regarding the short and long term effectiveness of the medication, both over the ADHD nuclear symptoms as functional outcomes and risks arising from potential adverse effects. The result is disappointing and should lead to a modification of the CPGs to the use of drugs as tools of last resort, in a small number of cases and limited and short periods of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Pediátrica Española is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appears to be associated to problems with regulation of cortical dopaminergic/noradrenergic function. The purpose of this work is to present efficacy and safety data from 10-week open label treatment with atomoxetine, a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in a Spanish sample of children and adolescents with ADHD participating in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multinational study on relapse prevention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sub-analysis of data in 36 children and adolescents aged 6 to 15 years, with diagnosis of ADHD (DSM-IV) included in Spain, receiving open-label treatment with atomoxetine for 10 weeks and assessed using ADHD-RS, CGI-ADHD-S, CPRS-R:S, CTRS-R:S y CHQ-PF50. RESULTS: After 10 weeks of treatment with atomoxetine, statistically significant reductions in ADHD-RS, CGI-ADHD-S, CPRS-R:S and CTRS-R:S scores were obtained in both subtypes; 87.5 % of inattentive patients and 82.14 % of patients with combined subtype were responders. No recurrences were observed. No serious adverse event-driven discontinuations occurred, and no statistically significant changes in blood pressure, but a mild increase in heart rate (p < 0.0001) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In general, atomoxetine was well tolerated and effective in the open phase in Spanish patients, both for inattentive and combined subtypes. Atomoxetine appears as a non-stimulant therapeutic alternative for the treatment of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una carta al editor en la cual se discute de un caso de una niña de doce años con el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad, la administración de la droga atomoxetina y las síntomas por consecuencia de la droga que se resolvieron con la droga metilfenildato.