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Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Journal of Respiratory & Physical Therapy (AJRPT) is the property of Asociacion Civil Cientifica de Difusion y Promocion de la Kinesiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Investiga: Investigaciin, Vinculación, Docencia y Gestiin is the property of Revista Enfermeria Investiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Científica de Enfermería (2071-5080) is the property of Colegio de Enfermeros del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the effects of a brief mindfulness program adapted to the academic context, to acknowledge the influence on the level of mindfulness (MAAS), experiential avoidance (AAQII), anxiety (STAI) and life satisfaction (SWLS). The sample consisted of 115 college students. After participating in the programme, students showed significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and state anxiety and no differences were found in mindfulness, experiential avoidance and trait anxiety. However, the increase in life satisfaction was related to the increased level of mindfulness at the end of the program (which concurred with the beginning of the exams). In conclusion, a brief mindfulness program improved life satisfaction even in a period of high anxiety, such as the exams period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess adult attachment and mentalization of 20 men convicted for violence against their partners compared with 20 men with no history regarding this kind of violence, whose ages ranged from 30 to 50 years old. Both groups were purposively recruited from a public hospital in the Region of Valparaíso, Chile. The Conflict Tactics Scales-2 (CTS-2) by Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, and Sugarman (1996) was used to distinguish levels of violence against partners, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR) by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver (1998) was employed to assess adult attachment, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test by Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, and Plumb (2001) was used to assess mentalization. Χ², Fisher's exact test, and the Mann- Whitney U test were used to analyze the attachment and mentalization variables. Results indicate that men who exert violence display more insecure attachment and greater anxiety regarding their attachment to their partners than those with no history of violence, with similar mentalization levels being observed in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to identify a relationship between experiential avoidance and physical activity level of young college students. A sample of 637 students of both sex were recruited and the assessment of physical activity frequency and level was development against IPAQ and experiential avoidance was measured by AAQ. Results show a dependent relationship between the acceptances of negative experiences and execution of physical activity. These results suggest a high probably of negative emotional experiences acceptance in people who makes intense or moderate physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, studies have been conducted on stress in the general population but not in people with disabilities. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the impact of stress, as well as the coping strategies used by people with intellectual disabilities. 137 potential articles published between 2007 and 2016 were obtained from various databases: EBSCO host, CSIC, PubMed, Psyke, PubPsych, ERIC, Scopus and WOS. Three met the inclusion criteria. The results suggested that people with intellectual disabilities have particular difficulties in dealing with interpersonal relationships, tend to use avoidance coping strategies rather than active coping strategies, and use active strategies that are more focused on the problem than on the emotion, except in very distressing situations, in which case they employ defensive coping strategies. More studies are needed, particularly in our setting, in order to establish solid conclusions regarding the management of stress in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between higher and moderate parental stress scores and derived relations in parents and undergraduate students. A group comparison design with a pretest measure was used in this study. The sample size was divided in three different groups, thirteen parents with high scores on the Parental Stress Index (PSI) were assigned to one group, other thirteen parents with moderate scores on the PSI were assigned to a second group, and thirteen undergraduate students were assigned to a control group. Initially all participants were exposed to a video of a child exhibiting disruptive behaviors. Following this all participants were exposed to a conditional discrimination training A-B and A-C, one stimulus set A corresponded to nonsense figures, a second stimulus set B corresponded to children's disruptive behaviors, and the set C to positive parenting behaviors. Then mixed relations (A-B and AC) were trained followed by transitivity and equivalence tests. The results show that participants with high scores on the PSI exhibited low response accuracy and longer response latencies during derived relations compared to the control group and moderate stress. These results suggest that parents with high PSI scores, have greater difficulty in establishing new relations between stimuli, especially stimuli loaded with emotional value. These findings have implications at clinical level, specifically in relational flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper suggests differentiating the issues of cause and determination when thinking about the subject. The idea is to address a certain concern about the place of the human within the current discourse of science, which seeks to integrate it into the field of natural objects. Before this «biological prejudice», psychoanalysis proposes an innovative conception of causality, according to which the cause stems from the way the subject places itself in front of determinations, avoiding their imperative. Symptom appears as a resource of the subject and a way of understanding such avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying avoidance in psychopathology, three dimensions stand out: cognitive, behavioral and experiential. However, research has been conducted primarily using self-report measures. In this study, an avoidance task was designed that consisted of presenting visual stimuli from the IAPS (International Affective Picture System. Lang, Bradley and Cuthbert, 2005), and studying relationships with the following measures: CBAS, AAQ-II, MAAS, BAI y BDI-II. The study was conducted with a clinical sample of patients with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and borderline personality disorder (N = 100), and a general population sample (N = 100). The results revealed significantly higher avoidance levels in the clinical sample than in the control group when performing the task. In both groups, a correlation was found between avoidance and the symptomatology of anxiety and depression. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations for future investigation are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows a series of psychometric carried out studies to validate the Pain Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) in a sample of 382 students with cephalea in the city of Córdoba (Argentina). The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a bifactorial structure with optimal and acceptable levels of consistency («verbal complaint», α =.85) («non-verbal complaint and Avoidant behaviors», α =. 76). Consideration of validity test criteria revealed that factors «complaint non-verbal and avoidant behaviors» (r=34,p< .01); and «verbal complaint» (r = .22, p < .01) correlated positively and significantly with the intensity of pain. They were statistically significant differences in the use of verbal complaints in women (t = 1.83, gl = 359, p < .01, mean = 4), and the use of non-verbal complaints and Avoidant behaviors in men (t = 2.837, gl = 371, p < .05; mean = 14.27). The results suggest that the PBQ is a valid instrument to evaluate the chosen population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-destructive behavior is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly prevalent among adolescents. The main objective of this study is to establish in Spanish communitarian adolescents the association between self-destructive behavior and coping typologies, detecting higher risk profiles. A previous and additional objective is to determine the presence of self-destructive behavior in a subclinical/clinical range according to gender. From a sample of 1400 high school students between 12 and 16 years the results of this cross-sectional study indicate that 15% of adolescents reports self-destructive behavior in a subclinical or clinical level. No gender differences were observed. The adolescents with higher risk of self-destructive behavior are those belonging to the avoidance typology, characterized by the overuse of avoidance coping responses at the expense of those of approach. Coping typologies are more useful in predicting the risk of self-destructive behavior than the typical approach/avoidance dichotomy. The results of this study may have important implications for the prevention and treatment of self-destructive behaviors in adolescents at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effects of temperament and emotion regulation styles in determining negative emotional states Introduction. The interplay of reactive and regulatory temperamental processes appears to be essential for a better understanding of emotional states and disorders. In this study we explored the prospective relationship between reactive temperament (negative affect), regulatory temperament (effortful control), negative emotion regulation styles (rumination and suppression) and self-recorded anxiety, worry, and avoidance in naturalistic conditions. Method. Thirty-two young adults were first assessed through questionnaires on negative affectivity, effortful control, and two forms of negative emotion regulation (rumination and suppression). After this they recorded anxiety, worry, and avoidance three times a day over 50 consecutive days through an on-line access electronic diary. Results. High levels of negative affect and low levels of effortful control were associated with higher levels of anxiety, worry, and avoidance (p<.01). The prospective association between negative affectivity and avoidance was moderated by effortful control (Total R² =.49). Moreover, the brooding facet of rumination totally mediated the association between negative affect and anxiety with a significant indirect effect (Effect=.30, Boot CI95%=.09 to .69). Conclusions. Avoidance patterns are significantly determined by negative affect -- effortful control interaction and rumination, especially brooding, totally mediates the relationship between negative affect and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes the transfer of the suppression function and its interference effect on a high cognitive demand task. Twelve participants were randomly assigned to the control and experimental conditions. In Phase 1, participants completed the questionnaires AAQ-II (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II) and WBSI (White Bear Suppression Inventory), and were exposed to a working memory task (TM-I) in which an stimulus (B1), irrelevant for the task, appeared in several occasions. In Phase 2, experimental participants were instructed and trained in suppressing the thoughts related to B1. Control participants carried out the same task but without receiving the suppression instruction. Then, all participants were exposed to an aloud verbalization task and to the second memory task (TM-II). In Phase 3, all participants were trained and tested for the formation of two 4-member equivalence classes (Class 1: A1-B1-C1-D1; Class 2: A2-B2-C2-D2). In Phase 4, the test for transfer of functions, a second period of aloud verbalizations and the third memory task (TM-III; C1 stimulus appeared in this case) were carried out. Four of the 7 experimental participants showed the transfer of the suppression function. Unlike control participants, experimental participants did not significantly increase their performance along the three working memory tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As note and prophecy of a coming thought,the opening sign of Emmanuel Lévinas' thought in 1935 consisted in the operation of a truly worldling epojé,which is implicitly decanted out of review of the old notion of evasion. This paper aims to make explicit the notion of wordling epoje,in order to disembowel the possible theoretical issues and directions that this concept may follow,thus establishing a non-worldlind starting point for the work of Lévinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we show a research contrasting the generalized anxiety disorder model proposed by Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur y Freeston (1998), which considers four related processes: the intolerance to uncertainty, the negative orientation towards the problem, the cognitive avoidance and the meta-beliefs. This model is proved in a sample of 281 adults in the general population. Results show that the four processes are highly related to GAD and worry-trait, although with some variations. The common processes between these two constructs are negative orientation towards the problem and worrying as positive perfectionism, however, the uncertainty generating inhibition is GAD's more specific, and uncertainty as confusion and unpredictability is more of the worry-trait, as well as distraction actions and thought suppression. The results are discussed taking into account the differences between worry-trait and GAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Treatment for a 44-year-old man with depressive symtomatology is set out. The intervention proposed was based on the behavioral activation (BA) analysis, that sees some types of depression as elaborated avoidance modalities. Treatment components included recuperation of tasks that had previously been given up, reconsideration of life goals, ending of avoidance behaviors, time scheduling and reengagement with housework, labour duties and social responsibilities. After seven months of treatment remarkable changes appeared in the pre-treatment measures (BDI-II, AAQ, ATQ, EROS, and BADS), as well as in the number and kind of activities carried out. Depression was in full remission and the patient had regained a state of productive work. Follow-up showed that therapeutic benefits persisted for the next five months. In spite of the severity of the set of symptoms, the patient did not want to take antidepressant medication, and so it was never used. The good outcomes obtained in spite of this circumstance and despite the relatively short length of time of intervention strongly support the model proposed by BA for these kinds of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of stress during hospitalization has been mainly focused on acute patients in general hospitals; hardly any attention has been paid to chronic patients staying in socio-sanitary hospitals. Objective: study the presence of stress and coping styles in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in public socio-sanitary hospitals. Method: 51 patients with COPD were assessed at the Joan March Hospital (Balearic Islands) by means of the Hospital Stress Rating Scale, the Dyspnea Scale (MRC) and a coping styles list. Results: patients' stress levels are lower than those of patients staying at general hospitals, independently of COPD severity (p>.05). Patients with mild dyspnea report high levels of stress (p<.05). Avoidant coping strategies are the most prevalent in COPD patients. Conclusions: the iatrogenic potential of hospitalization depends on the type of patient and the institution itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of genetically heterogeneous (outbred) rodents is a unique resource for the identification and fine mapping of genetic loci (QTL) influencing biological and behavioural quantitative phenotypes, allowing the identification of quantitative genes. We present the first study of this kind carried out with genetically heterogeneous rats (N/Nih-HS; derivated from an eight-way cross of inbred strains), whose behaviour is assessed in tests evoking unlearned (Black/white box, Elevated "zero" maze) or learned (context conditioned freezing, two-way active avoidance acquisition in the shuttlebox) anxious/fearful responses. The behavioural profile of N/Nih-HS rats is more similar to that of RLA-I (anxious) rats rather than to RHA-I (low anxious) rats. Significant correlations are found among unconditioned anxiety variables and two-way active avoidance acquisition in the shuttlebox; these are partially confirmed by multiple regression analysis. "High avoider" N/Nih-HS rats show lower unlearned anxiety levels than "low avoiders". Results of this behavioural assessment of the N/Nih-HS rats are discussed in terms of their potential usefulness for present and future neurobehavioural and genetic studies of fearfulness and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore the psychometric properties of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES) and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) in a sample of 1,012 Spanish adolescents attending school First-order factor analysis indicates the existence of a dominant factor (alpha = .85) in the FNES as well as five other less relevant factors, while the normalizing with Kaiser's Oblimin rotation method indicates that the SADS has two factors -- social avoidance and social distress, with alpha values of .77 and .73 respectively. The FNES discriminated adolescents with and without psychopathologies in front of others with specific and generalized social anxiety, while the SADS discriminated each one of the four groups in front of the others. Both scales show adequate construct validity with distinct variables assessed through specific instruments measuring anxiety and social phobia along with other screening instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study where the client was a professional chess-player is presented. The objective of the intervention was to improve his chess performance. The chess-player attempts to control and avoid some private events and such a pattern of behaving causes a decrease in his performance. These attempts are functional equivalent and understandable from the experiential avoidance perspective. Consequently, a brief intervention of four sessions following ACT was implemented in two months. A significant improve of chess performance was achieved during follow-up according to the international ranking measure punctuation. Additionally, self-inform measures (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and measures of interference, credibility and control of private events) decreased which might be coherent with the ACT process change. The actual state of Sports Psychology is discussed and the main features of ACT are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the concept of avoidance coping (particularly the coping strategy of self-distraction), pointing out its adaptative value in coping with critical life-events during old age in women. Scientific literature considers that there is a relationship between coping strategies and adaptation to critical events. Some studies suggest that active coping strategies promote effective adaptation, but avoidant strategies are considered less effective. The coping strategy of self-distraction is a mental and behavioural disengagement which occurs via a wide variety of activities that serve to distract the person from thinking about the goal with which the stressor is interfering. Tactics that reflect disengagement include: using alternative activities to take one's mind off a problem (a tendency opposite to problem-focused coping or active coping), escaping through reading, cooking, visiting friends, studying, going out for a conference, or escape by immersion in television or in new projects. This paper discusses the empirical data obtained from a study on coping with critical life-events in female aging in a group of senior women in the city of Mar del Plata. By means of a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-postest technique and a control group, we evaluated coping strategies through the Brief-Cope Inventory, before and after a social learning program in a sample of 60 senior women who did not have any neurological symptomatology. The sample was divided into two groups: intervention group and control group. The intervention group consisted of 30 individuals, who participated in a social learning program at the Universidad de Adultos Mayores (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata), and the control group, consisting of 30 individuals, did not do it. A comparative and quantitative analysis of data was done. Results of the study showed that critical life-events senior women have to cope with were loneliness, illness, widowhood, parental death or oncoming personal death, and social discrimination. There were significant differences in coping styles in both post-test groups. In general, the use of active and adaptative strategies (particularly the behavioural and cognitive coping style or type) increased in the intervention group; but the use of those evasive and emotional strategies decreased. Social learning was correlated positively and significantly with an active and adaptative coping style in the face of crisis in female aging. However, the use of self-distraction as a coping strategy also increased in the post-test intervention group. The data are discussed considering the theoretical framework and current evidence. Results allow for an alternative conceptualization about evasive coping to critical life-events in old age, particularly the self-distraction strategy, which is theoretically described as avoidant and non adaptative. Due to the nature of situations during aging, which have a low potential for control, the use of self-distraction as a strategy may be adaptative coping because it allows senior women to adjust and adapt to life changes, maintaining an active lifestyle and improving their quality of life. We suggest that self-distraction as a coping strategy be considered functional, which promotes an effective adaptation to situations during aging. Technically, there is no specific problem to solve, but rather changes, worries or critical life-events to be accepted by seniors. This study contributes to the cognitive and behavioural avoidance theory form a different angle, taking into account age and the nature of stressful events in the effectiveness and adjustment in coping. Finally, this paper suggests possible classification of critical life-events during aging that seniors face using coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo explora la psicología de la mentira en el contexto de la comunicación corporativa. Se esbozan las diversas formas de mentir como la mentira por omisión de la verdad y la mentira de evitar la verdad. Se proveen el ejemplo de una mentira Hermann Goering dio a sus tropas durante la segunda guerra mundial para explicar lo que se denomina la comunicación quirúrgica.

Se presentan imágenes relacionadas a la utilización de modelos animales en la investigación y el tratamiento en Psiquiatría. Los imágenes muestran la evitación social de ratones después de una sumisión social repetida. El objetivo de los imágenes es analizar más allá de los correlatos moleculares y conductuales de la vulnerabilidad y la resistencia al estrés.