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The study was carried out from 2000 to 2006, in the areas of 'Los Palacios' Rice Agroindustrial Complex (CAI), Pinar del Río, with the objective of studying the monthly behavior of leaf blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) occurrence, which is the most important rice disease worldwide and its relationship with temperatures: maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and mid (Tmid), relative humidity (Hr) and rainy days (Dcll). Thus, data were subjected to variance analysis, tendency and correlation; besides, a study of temporary series was made by using the additive seasonal decomposition method. Results showed that monthly disease occurrence was not correlated with Hr but with Tmax, Tmin and Tmid, as well as Dcll. Meanwhile Hr kept a slightly growing tendency of its mid monthly values, Tmax, Tmin, Tmid and Dcll as well as P. grisea occurrence had an increasing-decreasing tendency, which constitutes a year-on-year variability example of these variables. The resulting seasonal decomposition indexes enabled a better understanding of the studied variable behaviour patterns that make this variability evident, besides keeping with the tendencies and variations observed in the current climate of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2004/2005 cold season and 2005 spring, the behavior of short and mid-cycle rice lines and varieties in presence of Blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) was studied in the experimental area of "Caribe" Farm, Pinar del Río. A trial was carried out in Blast Infection Beds (CIP), besides a Regional Study of Varieties (ERV), and leaf disease severity was evaluated during the vegetative stage as well as its occurrence in panicle necks during the reproductive stage. Results from CIP within the cold season proved a strong disease severity, only mid-cycle lines being resistant at the regional phase when firstly evaluated 29 days after germination; disease was not detected in panicle neck. In spring season, severity was very low, so that all the lines were qualified as resistant; however, they had a susceptible panicle neck. In the ERV, for cold season, all varieties were susceptible to leaf infection, the short cycle ones showing a better behavior: INCA LP-6, INCA LP-11 and INCA LP-14; later, they became resistant to panicle neck disease. In spring, leaf disease was not recorded, but all of them were susceptible to panicle neck infection, INCA LP-16 standing out, as it was significantly different from the rest. The experiment proved that varietal performance before the disease varies from one season to another, depending on crop cycle and its developing stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice varietal improvement process (Oryza sativa Lin.) implies genotype selection with appropriate resistance levels to Pyricularia grisea Sacc. causing the well-known disease Blast, which is the most important disease for the crop worldwide. Genotypes are sowed in "Infection Beds", where there are favorable conditions and a high incidence of the disease. A high barren seed percentage, which has not been studied yet, has been detected. The barren seed percentage in genotypes of short and middle cycle, and its relationship with the climatic variables: relative humidity, maximal, minimal and middle temperatures, precipitations and the incidence of biotic agents such as P. grisea, Rhizoctonia solani Khun, Sarocladium oryzae Sawada and the insect pest Diatraea saccharalis F. were studied. The results showed that barren seeds were high even in short cycle genotypes or for those of middle cycle, being the most frequent barren seed percentages from 35 to 45 %, In short cycle genotypes, the factor that most contributed to variability in barren seed was P. grisea (48,8%) while stem borer (68.8%) was that in the middle cycle genotypes. The flowering phase was present from April to May. The transition from one month to another was marked by an increment of the minimal temperature, highly correlated with the middle temperature, barren seed percentage, incidence of P. grisea, R. solani and D. saccharalis. These last three factors are correlated among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative damages caused by stored pests are vitally important to seeds destined for investigation, since there are generally very small amounts. The study was carried out in seeds from 96 Syrian barley lines preserved for six months at 15 + 2°C, with the objective of knowing this sort of losses provoked by Rhyzoperta dominica F.; thus, weight reduction (g) was considered, 1000-grain weight (PMG) was determined, the number of adult insects in 1000 grains (NAMG) was estimated and attack index (IA) was also calculated. Results showed that 12 lines were damaged by R. dominica, with an average weight (g) loss of 18 %; the lines studied showed a low PMG (32.38 g), whereas the estimated NAMG was of 31.25 and IA of 3.17 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At "Los Palacios" Rice Research station, belonging to the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, during poorly rainy (cold) 2002 and rainy (spring) 2003 seasons, the behavior of rice genotypes obtained by means of anther culture was studied, as well as a group of mutants and somaclones under low water supply conditions: the genotypes 8734 and 8735 (obtained through anther culture), 8551, 8552, 8553, IAC-27 (mutations), 8733, INCA LP-9 (somatic culture) and the commercial "Perla de Cuba" as a check variety. To induce low water supply conditions, the following handling was used: the water lamina was settled down 15 days after germinated rice, suspending water entrance 35 days after germinated rice and recovering it again in the primordium change up to 50 % flowering. At harvest time, the final plant height, crop cycle, agricultural yield (t.ha-1) also industrial yield (% of whole grains) were evaluated, as well as resistance to lodging, shattering, Pyricularia grisea, Sarocladium oryzae, and grain discoloration. It was determined that genotype 8735 obtained from anther culture showed an excellent behavior in the agricultural and industrial yields, as well as in the main diseases that economically affect this crop, such as grain discoloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of lines and varieties were evaluated at infection beds from Caribe Farm in Los Palacios Rice Enterprise, with the purpose of selecting those blast resistant ones to be used as parents in rice breeding program. Results showed that genotypes IR759-54-2-2, Tetep, 2077 and Moroberekan, in the same order, obtained the smallest mean values in front of blast infection, as well as the closest distance to the ideal variety, so that they are classified as possible parents providing disease-resistant genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to present the new bean cultivar 'Odile', which was obtained from a selection of the SCR 15 line. This line was achieved through the conventional method of hybridization between SER 118xNCB 226 / -MC-4C-MC-14C -MC at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and it was introduced in Cuba, in generation F8, in 2010. The selection in Cuba began in November 2010. 'Odile' has a reddish-brown color and presents very good culinary quality, it is medium cycle, resistant to yellow bean golden mosaic virus (BGYMV), common bean bacterium (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli) and rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and has shown a high and stable yield potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the behavior of five lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), from the Dry Areas Research Institute (ICARDA), (Syrian Arab Republic), for Los Palacios´s municipality conditions was carried out. Sowing was done in December of 2008. A randomized block experimental design with three replications using three cuban varieties as control treatments was employed. The plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of sheaths/plant, filled and empty sheaths/plant, 100-grain weight (g), crop yield (t.ha-1) and disease incidence (%) were evaluated. The obtained values were analyzed using a simple ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test. The results indicated that all lines responded to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the site. Nevertheless, lines 1 and 3 showed the best behavior in all evaluated characters even the yield, which exceeded 2 t.ha-1. Also they were highly resistant to disease caused by Fusarium sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice genotype behaviour, obtained by somatic cultivation, as well as, of a group of mutants and crosses under low water supply conditions was studied at «Los Palacios» Rice Research Station from National Institute of Agricultural Sciences during poorly rainy, 2006, and rainy, 2007 stations. The genotypes 8476, 8479, 8480 (obtained by somatic culture), 8551, 8552, 8553, 5454 and 8555 (mutations), Amistad-82, Reforma varieties (crossing) and the commercial J-104 as a control variety. To cause the conditions of low water supplies, the following handling was used: the water lamina was established at 15 days after seed germination, the water entrance was suspended at 35 days after germination and it was again recovered from the primordium change until 50 % flowering stage. At harvest time, the final plant height, cycle, agricultural yield (t.ha-1) and its components were evaluated, also, the industrial yield (% of whole grains), as well as resistance to lodging, shattering, Pyricularia grisea, Sarocladium oryzae, Steneotarxonemus spinki, Borer smiley and grain discoloration. Results showed that 8554 genotype and Reforma variety reached excellent agricultural and industrial yields as well as a good behavior to principal diseases that affect economically this crop as the grain discoloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Q-63 chitosan active ingredient (100, 500 and 1000 mg/L) on the germination of Fusarium sp conidia, as well as its potentiality for protecting rice seeds inoculated with the pathogen was studied. The germination percentage of conidia treated with different concentrations of Q-63 was evaluated after 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 hours, while the fungal infection percentage in seeds treated with Q-63 was determined after 6, 7, 8 and 9 days. The results showed that both 500 and 1000 mg/L concentrations inhibited conidia germination completely until 14 hours. However, the best protective effect on seeds (93.3 %) was obtained with the higher concentration at 9 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A genetic breeding program was carried out in "Los Palacios" Rice Research Station, belonging to the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA), with the main objective of diversifying the varietal composition of rice crop. INCA LP-11 and INCA LP-15 are two new short and medium-cycle varieties, respectively, obtained by hybridizations and further field selections. Their best characteristics are excellent agricultural and industrial yields as well as tolerance to the main pests and diseases. Their behaviour has been validated in different locations of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]