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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pediatric cancer is a complex disease that requires interdisciplinary interventions. This study aims to describe the quality of life and exhaustion levels in children diagnosed with cancer, using validated instruments that reflect the peculiarities of this disease. Method: An observational analytical study was conducted on children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years with cancer. The PedsQL Cancer Module and FACIT-F instruments were used to assess quality of life and fatigue, respectively, with statistical analysis performed to identify correlations and develop an explanatory model. Results: Notable physical and psychological symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, hyporexia, irritability, and sadness were identified. The PedsQL and FACIT-F indicated a diminished quality of life. There was high concordance between the perceptions of children and their parents, except in the anxiety related to procedures, where children reported higher levels. These symptoms reflect the impact of cancer treatment on children's well-being. The concordance in evaluations suggests that parents have a good understanding of these experiences, highlighting the relevance of psychosocial interventions to improve quality of life through an adequate support network. Conclusions: It is crucial that pediatric cancer treatment addresses not only medical aspects but also the comprehensive support for the emotional and psychosocial well-being of the patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: cancer and its treatments have been associated with poor nutritional status in children and adolescents. Objective: to establish the nutritional risk of pediatric patients and the degree of food and nutritional insecurity in the homes of children and adolescents with cancer who have been hospitalized in a high complexity pediatric oncology center. Methods: a prospective observational study conducted at the Fundación Hospital Pediátrico la Misericordia - HOMI. It included a sample of 41 children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years and 11 months with a diagnosis of childhood cancer during the study period. The participants recruited during hospitalization had the application of the SCAN nutritional screening tool for childhood cancer, Spanish version, validated in HOMI and the Latin American and Caribbean Scale of Food and Nutritional Security - ELCSA, adapted and validated in Colombia. Results: 76 % (n = 31) of the patients were classified as "At risk of malnutrition" using the SCAN-SP nutritional screening tool. It was observed that 56 % of all households had a proportion of food insecurity, of which the classification of food insecurity was mild in 29 %, moderate in 20 % and severe in 7 % of households with children under 18 years of age. Conclusion: in the framework of the nutritional care process, it is important to take into account factors that include a complete nutritional risk assessment and evaluation that includes the measurement of food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood cancer is a complex illness that can be examined from multiple perspectives and areas of knowledge. The patient, as the primary focus, experiences significant emotional and physical impacts that deserve in depth exploration. Despite its importance, there is limited literature on the experiences of Colombian children with cancer. This research seeks to interpret and understand the experience of childhood cancer using hermeneutic phenomenology. Eighteen semi structured interviews were conducted with pediatric oncology patients between September and November 2022 at an organization in Bogotá. The interviews explored multiple dimensions of this experience (support network), changes in habits and routines, spirituality, perceptions, and beliefs about the disease, among other topics. Results reveal that these patients experience suffering not only from the physical pain of treatment but also identity changes and shifts in their relationship with family and. Despite these challenges, many develop coping mechanisms and resilience skills. In conclusion, cancer is a transformative experience that reshapes patients’ perception of life, and phenomenology provides a means to understand this experience from an individual perspective, supporting a more compassionate and holistic approach to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population. Its incidence has been increasing in the last decades and the main risk factors described are immunosuppression and vertical transmission of human papillomaviof intermittent dysphonia that later progressed to laryngeal stridor, for which he underwent tracheostomy with direct micro laryngoscopy, where a lesion of verrucous aspect and irregular borders was evidenced, compromising the right hemilaringeal region and paralyzing it. A biopsy was taken and a moderately invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p16 positive) was reported. After multidisciplinary evaluation, being a locally advanced disease, it was decided to treat with definitive chemo-radiotherapy with the intention of organ preservation. rus (HPV). Case presentation: we present a 14-year-old male patient with a 2-year history Conclusion: due to the rarity of laryngeal cancer in the pediatric population and the lack of evidence regarding treatment options, our knowledge of this pathology is limited to case reports and literature reviews. We consider it necessary to make this case report to add information on this uncommon pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In the population diagnosed with cancer, challenges arise for their adequate nutrition, especially during treatment and in the later stages. Thus, identifying the nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices of children and their parents during illness and treatment is very useful for proposing solutions to difficulties in feeding that may arise. Objective. Identify knowledge, attitudes and practices related to food by parents, caregivers and children with cancer in two foster homes located in Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology. For this, focus groups were carried out in which specialists, parents and children participated; in addition, the questionnaire designed and validated by the Food and Nutrition Organization of the United Nations was adjusted and applied for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices in nutrition, later the data were analyzed with a software (NVivo). Results. It was found that children and guardians recognize and practice good habits for nutritional status, although for a third of them it may be difficult to comply with some of them, either due to lack of knowledge, economic condition, myths or beliefs. Conclusion. Information, education and communication interventions are required along with strategies that allow healthy eating and overcoming challenges and symptoms during illness and treatment, especially in the outpatient stage or when being discharged and returning to their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the prevalence of undernutrition in the pediatric cancer population can vary considerably, an element that significantly influences the clinical outcome of patients. However, this is a potentially modifiable prognostic factor, which requires timely identification of nutritional risk to guide the nutritional care process. Objectives: to evaluate the operational performance of the Spanish version of the nutritional screening tool for childhood cancer (SCAN) in the context of the validation process of this instrument in a high-complexity hospital in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: the methodological design for the validation of a diagnostic scale was followed. The final sample consisted of 96 patients between 0 and 17 years with cancer and hospitalized at the Children's Cancer Center of the HOMI Foundation in Bogota. The SCAN-SP was applied to each patient and a complete nutritional assessment (CNA) was performed as a gold standard to determine nutritional status. Results: 82.3 % (n = 79) of patients were classified "at risk of malnutrition" by SCAN-SP and 69.8 % (n = 67) of the total sample had undernutrition. The evaluation of the operative performance of SCAN-SP against CNA showed excellent results: sensitivity of 100 %, specificity of 59 %, PPV of 85 %, NPV of 100 %, positive likelihood ratio of 2.4, and negative likelihood ratio of 0. Conclusion: the SCAN-SP scale performs well as a nutritional screening tool in pediatric cancer patients, so its use in clinical practice is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the predictive role of coping strategies and social support over humor styles in parents who migrate along with children with cancer. Method: A transactional-correlational quantitative design and non-probabilistic convenience sampling were used. It involved 62 parents (11 men and 51 women) between 20 and 61 years. They answered the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), COPE Inventory (COPE) and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Results: Regression models were developed for affiliative (R²=0,19, p<0,001) and aggressive humor (R²=0,25, p<0,001), both considered humor styles towards others. For self-oriented humor styles, two models were built to predict self-enhancing humor. The first model considers global social support (R²=0,25, p<0,001), while the second model, affective support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Likewise, the first model explaining self-defeating humor considers global social support (R²=0,28, p<0,001) and the second, instrumental support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Discussion: Coping strategies and social support in relation to humor styles in the context of illness and migration demonstrate the effectiveness of certain strategies and styles considered maladaptive in face of a highly stressful situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of proximity to industrial sources of air pollution on the occurrence of clusters of childhood cancer cases in the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area, Department of Antioquia, during the 2000-2015 period. Methodology: The information on childhood cancer cases in children under 15 years of age residing in the metropolitan area was obtained from the Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Antioquia (Antioquia Cancer Population Registry) for that period. 32 industrial clusters were identified based on the local environmental authority's inventory. Local and targeted Kulldorff's circular scan tests were performed to detect childhood cancer clusters in the municipalities and surrounding the industrial clusters, respectively. We used a multivariate regression model adjusted for socioeconomic strata to assess the effect of spatial variables. Results: The specific incidence rate in the Aburrá Valley for the evaluated period was 117.13 cases per million children under 15 years of age. The highest incidence rates occurred in the municipalities of Medellín and Sabaneta. The Kulldorff test identified 12 spatial clusters and 8 space-time clusters that were statistically significant in 7 municipalities, particularly in Bello and Medellín. The targeted tests identified childhood cancer clusters surrounding 20 industrial clusters. In multivariate models, an industrial cluster in Bello showed a statistically significant inverse association between incidence and distance from the industrial cluster toward the southeast. Conclusion: Some space-time childhood cancer clusters in the Aburrá Valley Metropolitan Area between 2000 and 2015 are related to proximity to industrial sources of air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Salud VIVE is the property of Revista de Investigacion en Salud VIVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Testicular tumors are rare in children under 15 years of age and represent 2 to 4% of all childhood cancers, cryptorchidism is the main risk factor for the later development of testicular germ cell tumors. 5-year-old preschool boy, with a history of left cryptorchidism without treatment, for the last year he has presented a progressive increase in volume in the left inguinal which extended to the left scrotal region, of petrified consistency, not painful on palpation, without adenomegaly, negative tumor markers, testicular ultrasound reported: left cystic tumor, lower abdomen tomography reported: left testicular tumor. A left radical orchiectomy and right orchidopexy were performed, with satisfactory evolution. The diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma is confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Early diagnosis and management of cryptorchidism is important to avoid future neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the following study was to determine the association between the history of human breastfeeding for more than 6 months, as a protective factor in the development of cancer in children and adolescents treated at the Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Clinic (Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes (IAHULA) in Merida-Venezuela; especially leukemias and lymphomas. Methods: Analytical, observational, case-control study. An interview was conducted with the mothers of children and adolescents aged between 2-15 years diagnosed with malignant neoplasms who attended the IAHULA pediatric oncology and hematology of clinic. The control group was made up of healthy subjects or those with minor medical problems, who attended the Pediatric Emergency Service or were hospitalized in the IAHULA pediatric areas. Results: When comparing the exclusive and supplemented human lactation groups, a significant association with the development of childhood cancer was demonstrated for those patients who did not receive exclusive human lactation (p= 0.018). No protective effect of human lactation for more than 6 months was demonstrated in terms of the occurrence of childhood cancer. Conclusion: The use of exclusive human lactation is associated with a protective effect for the development of childhood cancer; therefore, it could be considered that children fed human milk better cope with carcinogenic insults, modulating the interaction between infectious agents and the development of the infant immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia is the property of Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Andes Pediatrica is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The epidemiological trend of hemato-oncological problems in the pediatric population in our country is increasing and represents the second cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment affect the natural or acquired immune response in general, also in the expected antibody titers when vaccines are applied. In addition to the intrinsic way in cancer patients and especially in acute leukemia, there is an alteration in the number and function of B and T lymphocyte cells. The recovery of these cells occurs at least 6 to 12 months after treatment, provided that when there is complete remission of the oncological disease. Infectious complications in cancer patients continue to represent the greatest challenge to improve survival curves, especially in developing countries like ours, requiring specific protocols with broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens and other specific measures for the prevention of infectious diseases, especially those that can be prevented by vaccination. This review focuses on pointing out the current immunization guidelines in the immunocompromised pediatric patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the cardiovascular effects of childhood cancer treatment in survivors through clinical, electrocardiogram and echocardiographic methods. Material and methods: Prospective, observational case-control study of 34 patients of a Childhood Cancer Survivors Clinic, evaluated clinically, with electrocardiogram, with conventional echocardiography and strain. Average age 13.03 years; cumulative average anthracyclic dose 219.5 mg/m2; seven also with chest radiation. Analysis with student T tests and linear regression. Results: Left ejection fraction in survivors was preserved. Longitudinal left strain in 2, 3 chambers and circumferential was decreased in survivors (p < 0.05). Those undergoing radiotherapy and anthracyclic presented increased heart rate, ejection fraction and left shortening fraction decreased (< 0.05). Right ventricle without significant changes. Discussion and conclusions: There are a large number of childhood cancer survivors treated with cardiotoxics and radiotherapy. They may present changes in ventricular myocardial strain (even with normal ejection fraction) and/or arrhythmias, as evidenced in the group studied, which is consistent with previous international studies. Its complete cardiovascular evaluation is important to predict the risk of heart failure as part of a protocolized follow-up in well-established cardio oncology clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in childhood and juvenile cancer patients in Córdoba, Colombia. The research was cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational. Diener's Satisfaction with Life questionnaires were applied to measure Ryff's hedonic well-being and psychological well-being for eudaimonic well-being to a sample of 30 patients diagnosed with cancer in the city of Montería. The results showed optimal levels of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being in the patients. In general, the two variables presented low correlations with the exception of the Self-acceptance dimension of the Ryff scale, which presented a moderate and positive correlation with Satisfaction with life. In conclusion, it is necessary to conduct further research on other variables that can moderate this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to describe the relative caregiver's experience when facing the death of a child with cancer. With this purpose, the Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method was used in a qualitative study including 18 participants meeting the inclusion criteria of being parent to a child with cancer who died in a period from 5 months to 5 years. In-depth interviews were performed until reaching theoretical saturation. As a result, 6 topics describing the caregivers experience were found: idealization of the sick child, perpetual battle, unbreakable bond, loss of sense, get up and move on, and spiritual struggle; representing the perception and experience of caregivers in mourning. It was concluded that expressions of pain, uncertainty and emptiness are feelings and sensations described by the caregivers, which are part of the mourning process, but also describe their movement to acceptance and transcendence, where they give importance to the spiritual being of the child as the way to believe cheats still next to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Childhood cancer is considered one of the main causes of death in children and adolescents, among the different types of this disease, leukemia, lymphomas, and central nervous system tumors stand out, especially in this population group. Although over the years the incidence rate of this disease in the population has increased, it is difficult to carry out effective prevention, once diagnosed it is vital to carry out timely treatment, which generally includes chemotherapy, surgery or radiotherapy depending on the case, in order to increase the chances of patient survival. The diagnosis of cancer in children is an event that affects both child and family member's quality of life. Thanks to the medical advances on treatment of this condition, it has been possible to achieve fruitful results in terms of survival, however, depending on the type of cancer and treatment, patients surviving this pathology may have recurrence of other cancerous tumor. Worldwide, the different regions have their own records in relation to this disease, varying greatly depending on the population studied. A common denominator has been an increase in incidence as well as survival, mainly the latter in developed countries in contrast to the undeveloped in which the outlook is bleaker; therefore prevention, diagnosis, and timely treatment remain the premises in the assessment of patients in all ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To redefine family relationships during childhood cancer confrontation through a dialogic encounter with three families of the Alejandra Velez Mejia Foundation. Methodology. Qualitative hermeneutical research carried out through conversational encounters using in-depth interviews with three families from their experience of confrontation of the chronic illnes of their children. Results and conclusion. The results include perceptions of abandonment in the family as a stressor in family relationships, anticipated family mourning for perceived losses and recognition of family-health institution knowledge. The family in a ritual to welcome a new lifestyle: new roles and links and dilemmas that represent childhood cancer. In the processes of crisis intervention, the dialogical capacity of individuals and families is strengthened with an emphasis on listening to children, adolescents and families through reflective criticism, constructive dialogue, conversation and narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arteterapia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: in childhood cancer, the disease impacts resting energy expenditure (GER) in a way that is not estimable by predictive equations.Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the concordance between the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry in pediatric oncology patients versus the World Health Organization (WHO) and Schofield predictive equations.Method: cross-sectional study in children aged 5-15 years receiving chemotherapy, in outpatient Clínica Las Condes and Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, from July 2013 to July 2015. REE measurement was performed by indirect calorimetry and WHO and Schofield equations. Concordance analysis, with clinically relevant cut-off point and concordance coefficient of 90%.Results: twenty-seven children were included and 27 calorimetries were performed; 66% of these children were diagnosed with leukemia, 15% with central nervous system tumor and 81% were in the maintenance stage of their treatment. There is no significant difference between indirect calorimetry measurement versus WHO (p 0.18) or Schofield (p 0.07), neither when stratifying by nutritional status or type of cancer diagnosis. Concordance was calculated between calorimetry and Schofield, with a concordance coefficient of Lin = 79.4% (95% CI = 65.2-93.6) and versus WHO = 78% (95% CI = 62.9-93.2).Conclusion: this level of agreement, less than 80% in both cases, is insufficient. With both equations for estimating REE, there is overestimation or underestimation of energy requirements in more than 20% of cases. There is no agreement between the measurement of REE measured with indirect calorimetry versus its estimation with Schofield's and the WHO equations. Consequently, indirect calorimetry is required as part of the nutritional assessment in a nutritionally at-risk population such as pediatric patients with oncological pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The primary pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) rank second in frequency, only surpassed by hematological malignancies. Objective. Conduct a review and analysis of existing literature on CNS tumors in population between 0 and 14 focused on the epidemiology, etiological factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. Methodology: The search for articles was conducted using the databases PubMed, MedLinePlus, BIREME and intranet degrees and thesis work of the Universidad Industrial de Santander. Further review of the pages from government agencies in charge of epidemiological registry of cancer was made. Results: CNS tumors in pediatric population are the second leading cause of infant death second only to leukemia, have a clinic and etiological factors well established. The epidemiology don't differs in the world. The most common symptoms are vomiting, headache, ataxia, visual symptoms and motor disturbances. The most representative etiologic factors are viruses, genetic syndromes, maternal and perinatal infections, exposure to electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, some others are discussed as the presence of trauma at birth. There are also documented protective factors such as consumption of antioxidant, fruits and vegetables, and reported history of allergies. Conclusions: The adequate training of primary care physicians in the identification of signs and symptoms for suspicion and diagnosis of the initial stages of these tumors can reduce mortality rates. [Nieves-Cuervos GM, Manrique-Hernández EF, Ojeda-Rincón SA, Galvis-Pabón S. Central nervous system tumors in pediatric population from 0 to 14 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common pediatric malignant disease. Its causes are mostly unknown but some demographic and environmental factors might be playing a role in its beginning. Objective: To identify the demographic and environmental characteristics which pediatric patients were exposed prior to diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methodology: We conducted a descriptive analysis based on the cases of a case-control study aimed to determine risk factors for ALL. Patients younger than 15 years, diagnosed between January 2000 and March 2005 that consulted some institutions located in Bucaramanga and Bogotá, Colombia. Trained interviewers collected detailed information on demographic and environmental exposures. Both parents were interviewed. A p-value equal or less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We included 99 cases in this specific analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.6 years for boys and 5.7 for girls. Maternal and paternal mean ages were 26 and 30 years respectively. 67.7% of patients lived in low socioeconomic status before diagnosis. The chemicals most frequently used or stored at home of these patients were oil, gasoline, kerosene, paint thinner, (n = 19, 19.2%) and insecticides (n = 18, 18.2%). Conclusions: This study showed that these patients could be exposed to potentially carcinogenic agents before diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the population 1-19 years in Mexico. It is estimated that annually 7000 new cancer cases occur in children under 20 years. Leukemia being the most frequent malignant disease of childhood (35%). Objectives: To know the survival of patients with LAL treated according to the stratification by risk groups based on prognostic factors current immunologic marker, in the period from 2008-2010. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Records were reviewed clinically, of all children with diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were admitted in Oncology service during the period of 2008 to 2010 which meet the criteria for inclusion: studies immunologic diagnostics (immune, cytogenetic and DNA index, minimal Residual disease a week 5 ) characteristics, clinical and laboratory in order to group them according to risk factors. Results: 54 patients admitted with diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Finding a higher incidence of male 39 children (72%), with a 8.3 average and deviation standard 4.8. Cytologic morphologic features62% corresponded to L2. The mediastinal lymphadenopathy was found in 9 (16.7%) and infiltration to CNS in 4 (7.5%). The good response to prednisone at day 7 was observed in 46 (85%). The bone marrow (BM) 14 days and week 5 found in complete remission in 20 (37%) and 46 (92%) respectively. The immunephenotype most prevalent was that of B cells in 46 (85%) and only 5 (9%) of T-cells also 85 were positive CALLA. Only 3 karyotype chromosome positive Ph (5.5%) was found were they classified risk low 22 (40.79%), 32 high risk (59.3%). The group studied global event-free survival was 75% to 5 years and groups according to prognostic factors event-free survival were 95% low-risk and high-risk 65% to 5 years. Discussion: Analyzed prognostic factors: immune, karyotype, index DNA, CALLA and EMR allowed carrying out adequate risk stratification and adjusting therapy for treatment more optimal. So will intensify therapy in patients with high risk, with translocations unfavorable, EMR(+) at the end of the induction, with hypodiploidy or CALLA (-). Conclusions: Therapy administered in our study we consider effective, especially for patients with 1.16 DNA index, B-cell, where was the 95 % SLE for the low-risk group, and 65 % the high-risk group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Music has been used as adjuvant therapy for anxiety and it is based on scientific principles. Tone, rhythm, harmony and time are crucial for its efficacy. Chemotherapy treatment frequently produces important stress in pediatric patients. This may delay treatment occasionally. Our objective was to determine if adjuvant therapy with music reduces anxiety in pediatric oncologic patients under ambulatory chemotherapy. Methods: Time series design. We included patients from 8 to 16 years of age who received ambulatory intravenous chemotherapy at the Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. They received treatment as usual on the first day, and music therapy during the second day of chemotherapy. A visual scale was used to categorize the level of anxiety prior and after treatment on both days. Results: We included 22 patients. All patients experienced both moderate and high levels of anxiety prior to chemotherapy treatment on both days. There was a statistically significant reduction of anxiety on both groups after chemotherapy, but with lower levels of anxiety in the intervention group. Conclusions: There is an additional benefit with the use of music therapy in the reduction of anxiety in pediatric patients who receive ambulatory chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cytogenetics has revealed that the development of brain tumors might be induced by molecular alterations. The association of chromosomal imbalances with survival will allow for the prognosis and treatment of these tumors to be assessed. The objective of this study was to determine chromosomal imbalances and overall and disease-free survival in pediatric patients with astrocytoma and the association between chromosomal imbalances and survival. Methods: Medical charts of patients diagnosed with astrocytoma according to records from 1995 to 2005 were reviewed. Paraffin blocks were retrieved in order to extract tumor material and a comparative genomic hybridization technique was used to search for chromosomal gains and losses. Results: Out of 35 patients, 31 had at least some alteration in chromosomes 1, 5, 9 or 18, the latter with gains or losses in 65.7 % of the patients. By histology, 7/9 pilocytic astrocytomas had alteration of chromosome 9, and in 5/6 anaplastic astrocytomas, of chromosome 18. Patients with alterations in these chromosomes had a worse survival. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there is an association between the anaplastic histology and chromosome 18 alterations, as well as between diffuse astrocytoma and alterations in chromosome 5, which could be relevant in the Latin American population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pineal anlage tumor is a very infrequent malign neoplasm. Even though it has been documented in literature, it is not listed yet in the World Health Organization's last nervous system classification (2007). It is a primitive pineal tumor with neuroepithelial and ectomesenchyme differentiation. Due to its low frequency, the understanding of its biological behavior and a suitable treatment are incomplete. In a search performed in PubMed with the term pineal anlage tumor, only seven informed cases were identified between 1989 and 2011. Clinical case: An 8-month-old infant was brought to medical attention because he had a progressive enlargement of the cephalic perimeter, and convergent strabismus of two months of evolution. A pineal tumor was identified. The histology showed glial tissue, ganglia cells, pigmented neuroepithelium and striate muscle cells. A ventriculoperitoneal derivation was done to diminish hydrocephalic pressure and also to led the complete surgical resection. The patient was treated with two courses of chemotherapy with carboplatine, ifosfamide and mesna. One year after the treatment, the patient is asymptomatic. Conclusions: This is the first case reported in Spanish language. Given that it is a really infrequent tumor, it could be misdiagnosed as teratome, melanotic or mesoblastic medulloblastoma, or a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (melanotic prognoma). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neutropenia is a common chemotherapy-derived complication in cancer patients, in whom the prevalence of sepsis ranges from 12.9 % to 17.4 %, with a lethality rate of 16 %. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of serum lactate as a biomarker of severe sepsis in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia. Methods: A phase II diagnostic test study was conducted. Lactate value was measured at admission. Neutropenia episodes were classified in three groups: I, with sepsis (patients with and without severe sepsis), II, without sepsis and III, neutropenic patients without fever (controls). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. The gold standard was the clinical diagnosis of severe sepsis. Results: A sample of 100 neutropenia episodes was collected: 16 were classified in group I, 73 in group II, and 11 in group III. Microbiological isolates were obtained in 11 samples, 4 from patients with severe sepsis and 6 from subjects without sepsis. A serum lactate level = 2 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 81 %, 83 % specificity, a positive predictive value of 48 % and a negative predictive value of 95 %; the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.88 and 0.23, respectively. According to the ROC curve, the area under the curve was 0.851 (95 % CI = 0.725-0.977). Conclusions: A serum lactate level = 2 mmol/L is consistent with severe sepsis in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia who are hemodynamically stable and without hypoperfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate emotional and family elements that contribute to the adjustment process to cancer in children and adolescents. The sample was 10 patients between 4 and 16 years of age attending the Oncology Department of the Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de los Andes (IAHULA, Mérida, Venezuela). The study was non-experimental, transactional-descriptive. Parents and patients were evaluated through the Family Involvement scale, the Aesti scale and the Machover Human Figure Drawing test. The results show low self-esteem in patients with the most frequent emotions being anxiety, emotional stress, depression (60%), perceived threat and limited capacity for self-care (50%). Family involvement was mostly guided by the mother (49 %), and the predominant emotions in parents were sadness, depression, fear, helplessness, anxiety and stress in a high range of 5 to 6 points (Likert scale) besides support behaviors that help the child's and yout's adjustment. When facing the disease, family and patients experienced socio-emotional consequences that lead to physical, cognitive and psychological limitations that produce a series of reactions when trying to adapt to the new condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to review the progress in the area of population-based cancer registries in Colombia, Chile and Brazil. Methodology: a literature review in Spanish, Portuguese, and English using the LILACS, BIREME, SCIELO, MEDLINE, AND ISI databases as well as specialized websites. Results: Colombia has 8 records, 4 of them are indexed by the IACR (10% of the national population), and 4 are still not indexed (18% of the national population). The registry of Cali city is 50 years old and is considered a regional reference. Likewise, three Chilean registries are indexed and cover 6.2% of the national population. In addition, two unindexed registries cover a further 7.2% of the Chilean population. Also, the National Childhood Cancer Registry of Chile covers 100% of the population under 15 years and operates since 2006. Brazil, in turn, has population-based registries for 20 cities which cover 19% of the total population. These registries operate jointly with hospital registries. Discussion and conclusions: population coverage in the region is low compared to Europe and North America. There is evidence of progress in all three countries, particularly the existence of political and regulatory support. It is necessary to expand population coverage and further improve data quality. The use of information technologies promotes the development and integration of registries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]