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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diálogos Pedagógicos is the property of Universidad Catolica de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Estimate the risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 as a function of socio-territorial inequalities in Mexico City during February 2020-June 2022. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of death from SARS-CoV-2 by residential neighborhoods, in Mexico City. The Social Development Index (SDI [Consejo de Evaluación de la Ciudad de México, in Spanish]) classifies residential neighborhoods as very low, low, medium, high, and very high social development level, respectively. Results. Deaths in neighborhoods with Very Low and Low SDI represented almost half of the deaths due to SARS-CoV-2. The population residing in the territories with the worst socio-territorial conditions died, on average, 10 years younger than that of the stratum with the best SDI. Conclusions. Differences in the risk of dying from SARS-CoV-2 were associated with the socio-territorial conditions. The risk of death was higher for people residing in neighborhoods with very low and low SDI. These differences were reduced starting with the third wave, possibly because of mass vaccination in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico faces deep inequalities: the richest 10% concentrate 57.4% of the country's income and 78.7% of its wealth, while the poorest 50% have access to barely 9.2% of the income and lack significant wealth. Social inequality and poverty are closely linked. While inequality is not the only cause of poverty, it plays a significant role in perpetuating it. Addressing social inequality is essential to effectively combat poverty and build more equitable and fair societies. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator, strongly influenced by structural factors such as poverty, which reflects avoidable, unnecessary and premature deaths, which can be prevented through individual and collective actions. The relationship between poverty and child health is well recognized, as poverty is associated with the worst outcomes in child health, particularly in infant mortality. In 2020, the distribution of infant mortality among the Mexican states was remarkably heterogeneous, with rates ranging from 6.1 to 20.5 deaths per 1,000 births. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IMR and the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (r = 0.550), educational gap (r = 0.530), lack of access to health services (r = 0.547); and people with 3 or more social deficiencies (r = 0.520) was high and statistically significant; but the IMR is also moderately associated with poverty (r = 0.494) and lack of social security (r = 0.494). The nine entities with high or very high rates of infant mortality and extreme poverty were Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Yucatán. Although Mexico has managed to reduce its infant mortality rate, it is still much higher than the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To further reducing this rate, it is necessary to address poverty reduction, expand access to essential health services, improve prenatal and postnatal care, and strengthen preventive services, such as vaccination. A special program involving all health institutions and with adequate resources is required. It is crucial to prioritize actions in the nine most affected Mexican states. It is unacceptable that, in 2020, infant mortality in Oaxaca was more than three times higher than Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sixty-five out of every 100 women in Ecuador have been the victims of gender-based violence. This research determines the relationship between gender-based violence and economic autonomy. Using a binary logistic model incorporating variables related to economic autonomy, it was found that each additional year of education a woman attains reduces her risk of experiencing gender-based violence. Having a salary greater than or equal to the minimum wage and making decisions about money within the household also contribute to reducing such violence. However, having a job does not. It is concluded that greater economic autonomy reduces the risk of gender-based violence for women in Ecuador, although power relations persist when these women work. Therefore, public policy actions, along with social changes and the creation of safe working environments for women, are essential to eradicate violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the current crisis of democracy affecting multiple Western societies, largely stemming from social discontent rooted in the inequality characterizing these so-called neoliberal market and consumer societies, this essay explores the hypothesis that such social resentment and the referenced institutional crisis stem from two mechanisms implemented by the elites. These mechanisms are not only designed to ensure and perpetuate their privileges but, more importantly, to exercise control and discipline over society through: the breaking of communal bonds through extreme individualism and consumerism (1), and the internalization of failure and the justification of inequality through meritocracy (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social inequality and spatial injustice are studied in Venezuela. Social inequality and spatial injustice are studied in Venezuela, at the state level and between 1961-2021/2022. To do this, the approach of individual capabilities and the spatial distribution of the equipment necessary to create them is used, and two indicators are designed: Index of Basic Individual Capacities and Index of Territorial Equipment. According to the results, until 2011: 1) spatial injustice was reduced more than social inequality; 2) Apure is the state that has accumulated the most lags in basic individual capabilities such as territorial equipment; 3) Capital District is the entity that is most advanced in basic individual capabilities; 4) there is no state that maintains its primacy in the field of territorial equipment, and 5) the states furthest behind in 1961 were those that experienced the greatest advances in basic individual capabilities and territorial equipment. It is concluded that currently, the country shows signs of deterioration in all the indicators studied, a slowdown in the reduction of social inequality and an unprecedented increase in spatial injustice, which represents a setback in development achievements. Consequently, Venezuela has been and continues to be a country of inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article continues the analysis about the category of social discourse on social inequality in Costa Rica using a qualitative methodology. With this category we rebuilt, from group narratives -the government elite, the parliamentary opposition and the unions-what has been created on social inequality based on their interactions. It has been taken in consideration four periods of government that go from 2006 to 2022. Containing two political parties being government, each in a consecutive period; first Liberación Nacional Party and then Acción Ciudadana Party. For this second part of the study, the period 2006-2014 is considered, and recovering what was worked previously on the first part. Among the most important conclusions there is that social inequality has created a climate of injustice that has allowed new government elites to emerge, as well as new social leaders, among which a conservative religious leadership has emerged with social-political interests. Due to the extension, this work is divided into two parts, this being the first. And recovering what was worked previously on the first part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes an Embera myth from northwest Colombia that sheds light on the origin of racial disparities and the poverty experienced by indigenous communities in comparison to "whites." Methodologically, the myth was collected using ethnographic techniques in the Jaikerazabi community, located in the municipality of Mutatá, Antioquia. The interpretation involves identifying the myth's structure and analyzing the historical and social context that perpetuates inequalities between the Embera and other groups. According to the myth, the subordinate status of indigenous peoples stemmed from their perceived weakness and the decree of the god Karagabí, who supposedly favored the abilities of whites and mestizos. The article concludes that this myth offers insights into racial hierarchies and socio-spatial, economic, and political dynamics resulting from colonization and the country's development model. The myth legitimizes the historical domination over the Embera people by presenting modern rationality as canonical, diminishing the value of traditionally inhabited spaces and condemning indigenous people to poverty for not conforming to the Western model. However, it also serves as an attempt to comprehend and potentially transform these inequalities. The originality of the article lies in providing insight into Embera culture through the lens of myth to provide a perspective on how indigenous people perceive the inequality they experience. This approach also recognizes myths as evolving narratives that adapt to historical changes experienced by these societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diálogos Pedagógicos is the property of Universidad Catolica de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. The aim of this article is to write an original analysis of the work of Annie Ernaux (1940, Lillebonne). The author's production, which is being trans - lated to Spanish and is enjoying popularity in Spain, is inscribed at the intersection between sociology, literature, and history. Methodology. The framework from which we approach this study is the interrelation between critical sociology and feminist theory, taking the concepts that structure the thinking of its two referents: Pierre Bourdieu and Simone de Beauvoir. From the deductive method, we delve into her condition as a "declassed" and female socialization, which commits her to tell, from her experience, the truth of the dominated. Conclusions/discussion. In the conclusions, we highlight the articulation of her subjectivity in a constant conflict between the assimilation of gender roles and her political project: writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones de Sociologia: Revista de Estudios Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we analyze some contemporary socio-territorial processes in the Aysén region, Chilean Patagonia, with special emphasis on the Exploradores Valley. We estimate that those processes can be interpreted as a form of rural and "green" gentrification. Under this category we want to account for a multiplicity of interdependent processes as the displacement of the local population linked to the increase in land value, an explosion in the real estate supply, new patterns of consumption and socio-territorial practices, as well as the emergence of discourses that would position this region as an enclave for conservation and preservation of nature under the slogan "Reserve of Life". From this framework, the study aims to contribute with a critical reading of depoliticized conservation discourses, highlighting the socio-territorial impacts that these renewed processes of "eco-colonization" bring with them, characteristic of a new geography of capital. Methodologically, we propose a mixed platform based on in field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants, bibliographic analysis and information gathering in the Real Estate Notary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Rawls’s theory of justice constitutes one of the most significant works in political philosophy of the last century, which, due to its immense impact, has been subject to numerous analyses and critiques from various sectors of political philosophy. The purpose of this essay is to contribute to this debate by adopting a critical stance towards two mechanisms that claim to combat and remedy the profound social inequalities prevailing in our present, markedly neoliberal societies: on the one hand, the so-called affirmative actions, and on the other hand, meritocracy. It will be argued that both mechanisms can be directly deduced from the second subprinciple of Rawls’s second principle of justice (fair equality of opportunities) as instruments seemingly intended to materialize it; however, under certain special conditions, they ultimately result in exacerbating inequality and justifying an inequitable state of affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Práxis Educativa is the property of Revista Praxis Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Question (1669-6581) is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diálogos Pedagógicos is the property of Universidad Catolica de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article addresses the relationship between school experience, emotions, and inequality in Argentine secondary schools. The student school experience in secondary school change policies (Re-entry Schools, City of Buenos Aires; PROA, in the province of Córdoba) is reconstructed, observing emotions, the bond with their teachers, and the place of knowledge and learning. In both policies, the experience is pleasant, but when disaggregating said emotionality, differential ways of guaranteeing the right to secondary education are glimpsed. On re-entry, a recognition link is mainly built; At PROA, academics and enjoyment of learning are emphasized, but with selected young people who have a relationship with knowledge close to the school proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 20th century, Colombian economists identified a strong link between education and poverty reduction. However, despite a significant expansion of educational coverage, poverty levels have not declined as predicted. This problem extends beyond Colombia and has prompted the development of economic theories, focusing on factors such as early school dropout, market imperfections, increased uncertainty, and the costs of education, all of which contribute to the enigma of poverty traps. Methods: Using a quantitative approach, the research analyzes the relationship between educational attainment, employment opportunities, and socioeconomic background of the younger population. In addition, it explores the drivers of labor market inequality, with particular emphasis on social class divisions and the role of social networks in shaping access to employment. Results: Preliminary results highlight a persistent disconnect between increased education and labor market integration among Colombia's poorest youth. The study identifies a clear association between social class segregation and differential access to employment, accentuating the influential role of social connections in obtaining job opportunities. Conclusions: This research unveils the complexities surrounding poverty traps in Colombia, elucidating why improved education has not translated into the expected reduction of impoverished. It underscores the imperative need to take an in-depth look at the policy challenges facing the country. By addressing the barriers to labor market access for the most vulnerable, this study contributes significantly to the broader discourse on the intricate relationship between education and poverty reduction in Colombia. The findings are also relevant for other countries facing similar challenges and offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covid-19 pandemic deepened the crisis and structural inequalities that the Latin American region and Argentina in particular were going through. This article addresses its impact on the real estate market activity and on the dynamics of residential urban expansion in the La Plata district. The research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative techniques, based on an analysis of urban land prices and supply during the pandemic, semi-structured interviews with key informants and a survey of newspaper articles. The research shows the oscillations suffered by real estate activity, as well as an extraordinary decrease in land prices in dollars and an oversupply of real estate for sale. In the dynamics of urban expansion, there was an increase in the demand for land in the periphery and for larger housing units, together with an increase in land acquisition as the only alternative to access land in the face of the housing urgency, the lack of income caused by the crisis and the preventive measures of contagion. However, despite the decrease in prices and the oversupply of real estate, the possibilities of access to land continue to be reduced for broad social sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The following article derived from the Project: Building learning tools with young population using gender and human rights training from the Institute of Women's Studies of the National University. The Project develops because it was necessary to promote equitable and egalitarian relationships, as well as the exercise of citizenship, which involves this population in active and responsible decision-making. Aim: Develop participatory training processes with young people from urban and rural areas that promote social relationships towards equality and equity from a gender and human rights approach. Methodology: A methodological proposal was built with the project's participants, who are members of the Participatory Councils of Children and Teenagers from The National Child Welfare Agency of cities like Alajuelita and Sarapiquí. This proposal was developed in four stages: the identification of training interests and needs, the proposal's construction and validation, its implementation, and the collection of experiences through a pedagogical module, where participatory methodologies are exposed in which teenagers performed as active agents in knowledge construction. Results: The project's beneficiary population identify different inequalities faced by the teenagers in their daily lives as well as other forms of discrimination and violence, their manifestations, consequences, and its prevention. Issues such as sexuality, sexual and reproductive rights were addressed, emphasizing on the importance of having clear information for decision making. Conclusions: Teenagers showed interest in having more training and discussion spaces about such issues, so it is recommended to give continuity to the opening of new educational spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Géneros: Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies is the property of Generos: Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present the results of an exploratory-descriptive study that aimed to know how people in Panama were informed during the pandemic (May 2021–January 2022), considering the digital divide and zero-rating practices through which mobile phone users access digital services free of cost. The study was conducted in four consecutive phases using a mixed methodology that included secondary data systematization, three online surveys, and eight in-person focus groups in six of the country’s ten provinces and two of the three indigenous regions with provincial rank. The findings reveal the emerging use of instant messaging applications and social media to obtain information on the country’s affairs, vast asymmetries in access to the different media and information channels, and little trust in their messages. In light of the theoretical references on the rights of recipients, the right to information, and the digital divide, the situations found could be a litany of territorial asymmetry, one of the expressions of social inequality in the country. Given the widespread use of instant messaging applications, especially WhatsApp, available free of charge in prepaid data plans, a specific study on the impact of zero-rating practices on information consumption seems necessary, especially in socially vulnerable populations in Panama and other countries where the digital divide is pronounced and this type of agreement exists between telephone companies and digital service platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the significance of cooperatives in the territorial development of the province of Chefchaouen on the basis of the actions linked to the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH) between 2011-2018. Both quantitative methodology is used, to analyse variables such as the number of cooperatives, projects implemented, investment made or subsidies received or their territorial distribution, and qualitative methodology through information obtained from 12 in-depth interviews conducted in the field. The quantitative results show the scarcity of cooperatives and subsidised projects, as well as their concentration in the most dynamic communes, marginalising the poorest territories. Respondents' answers reveal the importance of the Initiative's support both for the implementation of projects and for improving the competitiveness of cooperatives. Other relevant aspects are, among others, the identification of the obstacles that still hinder the development of the cooperative fabric. It is concluded that the study area has not benefited sufficiently from this aid due to the lack of support and dynamization of the different institutions, and it is proposed that development and cooperation offices with the necessary human and logistical resources be created at the provincial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Complutense de Educación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The deep gaps and inequalities that the Covid-19 pandemic exposed in Latin America demonstrated the vulnerability of indigenous peoples to the effective enjoyment of their rights during confinement. In the Colombian case, the indigenous peoples and communities saw their possibility of accessing basic services and sanitation, education, work, food security, as well as the enjoyment of their territorial rights being affected, which slowed down various processes related to land restitution and collective reparation. This research was developed from a qualitative, documentary approach, which allowed the identification of the main social and territorial effects left by the pandemic on indigenous peoples, in the same way, the main difficulties, status and progress in the different phases of the land restitution and reparation processes were identified, among which the following stand out: Suspension of terms of the administrative actions of registration in the land registry, difficulties for visits in the territories, virtual prior consultation, difficulties for the progress and monitoring of comprehensive collective reparation plans, without leaving aside, the serious threats to the security of the communities by different actors and organized armed structures in Colombia present in the ethnic territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the academic factor "Average high school grade" and socioeconomic factors - like parent occupation and level of education and family socioeconomic level - influence EXANI-II results, generally and in the different areas of knowledge and skills assessed by the exam. The sample was made up of the 2014-2018 class (314 students) in the Polytechnic University of Sinaloa (UPSIN), Mexico. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and beta regression were employed to determine whether average high school grade, parent occupation and level of education, and family socioeconomic level influenced exam results. The results show that the factors examined are determinant in student results in the EXANI-II exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to study the implications of the political, economic, and ideological transformations of the last four decades for the way we study social inequality and mortality in Mexico. It examines how such changes are manifest in their theoretical and methodological mutations. Based on the theoretical and methodological contributions of the critical analysis of discourse, it helps to shed light on the existence of social hierarchies among the actors involved in the object of study and replace relational approaches with other, gradational approaches in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]