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The aim of the present study was to analyze the internal structure of different versions of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - 21 (21, 14, 12, 9 and 8 items), to determine the degree of measurement invariance according to sex, and to estimate the reliability of the scores and the construct in Mexican adults. The sample consisted of 509 adults (61.1% male and 38.9% female) between the ages of 18 and 40 (mean age = 23.58; SD age = 5.33). Analyses were conducted using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor ESEM, and measurement invariance using multigroup factor analysis. The results indicated that the DASS-12 is the version that presents the best factorial parameters and evaluates a single factor called general distress, in addition to showing an acceptable degree of measurement invariance between men and women. It is concluded that the DASS-12 has a robust internal structure and adequate reliability. It is suggested as a line of future research to examine the scale in different groups (e.g., adolescents) and to conduct other analyses that allow the DASS-12 to be used as a measure of intervention effectiveness (e.g., longitudinal invariance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of internal consistency and construct, convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond and Snaith, 1983) in the Ecuadorian context. To do this, the original model was evaluated along with nine other solutions proposed by other research, in a sample of 497 young adults in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. The results show adequate goodness of fit in all models, although clear differences in the other psychometric properties. In solutions of more than one factor, the anomalous behavior of several items is reported. It is concluded that the single-factor version of the HADS scale has adequate properties of internal consistency and construct validity and is an appropriate instrument to be used as a measure of general discomfort in non-clinical populations in the Ecuadorian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Metafísica y Persona. Revista Sobre Filosofía, Conocimiento y Vida is the property of Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite a global recent interest in this matter, researchers have not developed, or validated scales focused on workplace bullying or destructive leadership in Chile. There are antecedents of workplace violence in the country, and the relationship with psychological distress is worldwide documented. The present study aimed to provide evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relationship with other variables of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and the Destructive Leadership Scale (CDLS). A survey was applied to a multi occupational sample of 1995 civil servants of the main metropolitan areas of Chile: Santiago, Valparaiso, and Concepcion. Responses were analyzed through exploratory and descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis for internal structure, and Logistic Regression for bindings with psychological distress as a criterion, adjusting on confounding variables. The CDLS scale obtained acceptable fit indices once one item was deleted (WLSχ²(64, N= 1847) = 642, p<.0,001; CMIN/df= 10.0; CFI= 0.966; GFI= 0.993; aGFI= 0.987; RMSEA = 0.070; 90% IC [0.065, 0.075] NNFI= 0.959), distinguishing between destructive (CR [composite reliability]= 0.81) and constructive leaderships (CR= 0.91). The NAQ-R showed properties that make it useful in the Chilean context as a unidimensional measure (WLSχ²(206, N= 1927) = 648, p<.0.001; CMIN/df= 3.1; CFI= 0.969; GFI= 0.994; aGFI= 0.990; RMSEA = 0.033; 90% IC [0.030, 0.036] NNFI= 0.965; CR= 0.98). A higher prevalence of Distress in the presence of bullying (PR [Prevalence ratio]=1.03, 95%IC [confidence intervals] 1.02, 1.04) or destructive leadership was found (PR= 1.09, 95%IC 1.06, 1.13). Studies may obtain prevalence by empirical classification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate psychological distress and psychopathological symptoms in patients recovered from COVID-19. For this purpose, we worked with a mixed, quali-quantitative methodology. Method: A total of 131 adults between 21 and 76 years of age (68,7 % had suffered COVID-19) participated in the study, completing a personal questionnaire and the Symptom Check-List-90-R [SCL-90-R]. In addition, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with recovered COVID-19 patients who had to be hospitalized because of the disease. Results: The results indicated that participants who recovered from COVID-19 reported higher levels of distress and psychopathological symptoms after their recovery, compared to participants who did not contract the disease. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) were found for almost all indicators, except for Interpersonal Sensitivity and Paranoid Ideation (p = 0,06). Additionally, patients who were hospitalized but not given assisted breathing interventions showed higher indicators for Somatization and Obsessions and Compulsions compared to the group that was hospitalized with a ventilator (p < 0,05). Furthermore, the qualitative analysis suggests that hospitalized participants experienced distress and different consequences from hospitalization and the disease. Discussions: The results are in line with what has been reported in the literature and suggest the importance of psychological support as a complement to physical recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychologia is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Addictive behaviors constitute one of the major problems worldwide, which has increased even in spite of the Covid-19 pandemic; in this scenario, two factors that have an important impact on regulation are stress and intolerance to uncertainty. Objective: To determine the impact of distress and intolerance to uncertainty on addictive behaviors in Peruvian university students. Methods: A multivariate correlational study, 552 students of both sexes aged 18 to 30 years were selected by convenience sampling. The MULTICAGE CAD-4 questionnaire, the Intolerance to Uncertainty scale and the Distress scale were applied. Results: Two structural regression models tested had good fit indices, showing that the variables distress and intolerance to uncertainty experienced by students have direct effects on addictive behaviors; intolerance to uncertainty plays a mediating role for addictive behaviors, increasing almost twice the effect of distress. Conclusion: Distress has a direct effect on the practice of addictive behaviors and these are mediated and enhanced by intolerance to uncertainty in the university sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud (RIICS) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exposure to psychosocial risks and workplace violence is associated with a higher prevalence of workers' mental health problems. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of workplace violence between psychosocial risks (ISOSTRAIN, effort-reward imbalance), organizational background (tyrannical leadership) and mental health problems (distress) among 1023 workers in three high complexity public hospitals in three regions of Chile. It was hypothesized that exposure to psychosocial risks and some organizational features (tyrannical leadership) is associated with lower levels of mental health and that part of this effect is mediated by exposure to workplace violence. A questionnaire was applied including the Negative Act Questionnaire Revised (NAQ-R), the Psychological Distress Screening, the Destructive Leadership Scale, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and the Job Content Questionnaire. Path analysis showed that exposure to psychosocial risks, tyrannical leadership and workplace violence increase levels of workers' distress. Part of the effect of psychosocial risks and tyrannical leadership on mental health is mediated by exposure to workplace violence. The article finishes by discussing the need to move forward in developing protocols and prevention of psychosocial risks and workplace violence, particularly in the context of public health work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the perceived stress, coping strategies, emotional regulation, impact of the event, and psychological distress during quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic in the Colombian population. Method: Non-probabilistic sample made up of 356 adults who answered an online questionnaire. Results: It was found medium and high scores in active coping strategies and emotional regulation, and low scores in stress, psychological distress and impact of quarantine. The 38.76 % presented scores that indicate risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. Women, people under 35 years of age, high school graduates, students, and living alone during the quarantine showed higher affectation. Statistically significant correlations of stress with all variables except with social support and cohabitants during quarantine were found. Finally, it was found a positive association of stress with venting, expressive suppression, the impact of quarantine, and psychological distress, and negative association with planning, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and age over 25 years. Conclusions: These results contribute to understanding responses to quarantine and to identify vulnerability factors to design prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease that acutely and progressively reduces physical functionality. The patient commonly suffers from intermittent relapses that increase the likelihood of comorbidities such as chronic insomnia, cognitive impairment, alterations in sexual response, psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety and depression disorder, and decreased self-care behaviors. The objective of this study was to identify the main needs for psychological support in patients with HF. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out. Participants were selected through consecutive non-probability samples. 150 patients with a diagnosis of HF who attended the Specialized Center for Heart Failure at the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez" were evaluated from November 2018 to April 2019, applying the inventories: Quality of life in patients with HF (Minnesota), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), psychological distress thermometer (visual analog scale) and the HF Patient Information Needs Inventory. Results: 33% of the patients perceive a high level of psychological distress that requires immediate assistance and 26.6% report a medium level that requires monitoring. The main information needs reported by the patients were information on taking medications (53.7%) and managing psychological distress (43.9%). Conclusion: Active assessment of psychological distress and unmet information needs is relevant in patients with heart failure, thus highlighting the importance of their identification and the correct design and application of evidence-based interventions aimed at their resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencias Psicológicas is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of PiscoMed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to study the psychological impact of the pandemic COVID-19 and the national lockdown that took place in Spain during March and April 2020. We examined the prevalence of emotional distress, as well as protective and risk/vulnerability factors. A sample of 1,561 participants (aged 19 to 84 years) completed online the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire (CIPC), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results show that many participants experienced high levels of emotional distress reflected through a 10-symptom distress profile in which worry, stress, hopelessness, sadness/depression and sleep problems predominated. We found some protective (age, income level, home garden, working outside the home), risk (media exposure, living with chronically ill and/or dependent persons, health worker) and vulnerability (sex, negative affect, intolerance of uncertainty) factors that significantly predicted the levels of distress. Negative affect and intolerance of uncertainty demonstrated to be strong predictors of distress. In addition, empirical evidence is provided on the validation of the Distress Emotional Scale of the CIPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has been spreading rapidly in Spain. The objective of this work was to examine the psychological impact of the pandemic and the Spanish national quarantine that took place during March and April 2020. We investigated the prevalence of fear of coronavirus, emotional symptoms and sleep problems. We also examined possible positive effects. A sample of 1,161 participants (aged 19 to 84 years) completed online the Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire, the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale-12, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results indicated that the most common fears pertain to the domains of contagion/disease/death, social isolation, and employment/income issues. We found high levels of emotional impact reflected in fear of coronavirus, sleep problems, and emotional symptoms (preoccupation, distress, hopelessness, depression, anxiety, nervousness, and restlessness). Regression analyses revealed that intolerance to uncertainty and media exposure are strong predictors of the impact. We also found some effects of the COVID-19 quarantine favoring positive personal experiences. A new self-report instrument to assess psychological impact of coronavirus is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Caring for a person with Alzheimer's has been identified as a highly stressful task for the informal caregiver. The coping strategies allow modulating the emotional impact of this task. The purpose of this paper is to describe the coping strategies most commonly used by informal caregivers of people with Alzheimer's and to identify if there are differences in the use of these according to personal and-or situational variables. 57 informal caregivers of people with Alzheimer's from a rural association in Castilla y León (Spain) have participated. The different use of strategies is related in different ways to the variables studied. There is no uniform response pattern. The study confirms the idea of flexible coping. The results reveal the need for training in the flexible and adaptive management of these strategies according to personal traits and the specific demands of the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neophobia is an ecologically relevant behaviour that arises through a cognitive assessment of novel stimuli. We assessed the responses of 8 captive fallow deer, using a novel object test and a qualitative behaviour assessment scale. The categorical principal component analysis revealed that the variability present in the population for the neophobia test explained 69.94% of the variance found in the herd studied. It was detected that the variables were from poorly correlated to highly correlated, both positively and negatively. The negative correlations between the measured variables varied from -0.005 (between the time the animal is distracted and the age) up to -0.912 (between age and the hierarchy), and the positives from 0.005 (between the time of approximation up to a meter and the age) until 0.831 ( Between the time the animal is distracted and the time that the animal takes to pay attention but remains motionless).These findings highlight the nature of neophobic responses in ungulates under captivity and how social structure impacts them [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the impact on the level of parental distress by using a visual traffi c light tool to explain the neurological risk of children with mild head injury. Material and methods: We included patients who attended the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Hospital Español de México, with a diagnosis of mild head trauma. For the explanation to the parents, a visual traffi c light tool was used based on the criteria determined in the CENETEC Clinical Practice Guide. A scale from 0 to 10 was applied to measure parents level of distress before and after the traffi c light was displayed. Paired Student t-test was used to determine changes in the anxiety scale. Results: The average distress level decreased 5.16 points after explanation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of a visual tool to explain to parents the risk of brain injury secondary to mild trauma seem to be useful in reducing parents level of distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y del Trabajo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the development of the DENEPSI-caregiver interviewing guide aimed at identifying psychosocial variables in caregivers of patients with advanced disease in terminal phase. Method: After selecting and examining the most relevant domains reported in the research literature a first version of DENEPSI-caregiver was tested on 27 caregivers of patients with advanced disease. In order to select such psychosocial variables of the primary caregiver 247 articles on assessment in advanced disease were initially identified and examined. Format and language adaptations were subsequently performed on the DENEPSI. A group of experts were invited to rank each item as belonging to specific domains. The exhaustiveness (completeness) of the instrument as related to providing basic items and domains for psychosocial evaluation was then assessed with 18 caregivers. We also designed a clinical user manual for the implementation of DENEPSI-caregiver. Results: Validity coefficients were higher than .80 for most items. When evaluating exhaustiveness of the instrument, six caregivers interested in being assessed on particular areas participated. Five reported interpersonal relationships problems and one mentioned concerns about adaptation after death of the patient. The final instrument is composed of 3 modules: 1. Elements that provide information prior to performing the assessment; 2. A Distress "thermometer" with emotional correlates; and 3. Basic psychosocial domains intervention planning. Discussion: DENEPSI-caregiver is a useful tool that can help the clinician to explore the psychosocial needs of the caregiver to assess and ultimately intervene on any relevant component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study sought to find empirical evidence of the effect of intergenerational support relationships with older parents on the well-being--operationalized as distress--of daughters aged 45 and older and to determine the moderating factors that can limit the potentially direct association between providing support and distress. Using data from "Family cohesion, intergenerational solidarity and conflict: Impact on the well-being of the older adult", a survey conducted in 2009, which represents people aged 45 and older in Santiago, Chile, hierarchical linear regression models were calculated with clustered robust standard errors, using a sub-sample of 102 women with at least one living parent. No association was found between distress and providing regular care to one's father or mother; instead, an association was observed between perceived support and well-being. Even though providing support to older parents does not involve additional distress, having fewer siblings--especially having none--is associated with higher levels of emotional distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction The inability to control emotional outbursts and the excessive inhibition of emotions are associated with a variety of personal and interpersonal problems, psychological disorders and health status. Weinberger developed an inventory to assesses two central aspects of socio-emotional adjustment: the subjective experience of distress and restraint. As the inventory was in English, we decided to translate it into Spanish and validated it in a population of Spanish-speaking Mexicans. Method The revised Spanish WAI was applied to 452 participants using the same Likert scale used in the English WAI, in which each answer was given a score of five points. The participants were adults (over 18 years) of either sex with a minimum educational level of high school. Results After analyzing the discriminatory power of the questions by the method of extreme groups and factor analysis by principal components analysis, the Spanish WAI was composed of 44 items, which were divided into four factors: 1. Restraint, which grouped together a total of 19 questions, which explained 1 8.68% of the variance, 2. Subjective experience of distress, consisting of 12 questions, which accounted for 10.84% of the variance, 3. Defensiveness, consisting of seven questions that explained 7.10% of the variance, and 4. Consideration for Others, which grouped six questions that explained 6.54% of the variance. Finally, we assessed the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha as follows: Restraint 0.89, Subjective experience of distress 0.84, Defensiveness 0.69, and Consideration for others 0.74. Conclusions Weinberger's Inventory is a useful instrument to assess restraint as an important aspect of emotional distress of individuals, and to measure the magnitude of restraint in a population, and thus allowing preventive and therapeutic actions in cases that deserve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of expressed emotion and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with an eating disorder, considering the differences in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Fifty-three caregivers of patients with an eating disorder participed. The 39.6% of caregivers were men and 60.4% women, aged between 23 and 69 years old. The questionnaire used to assess expressed emotion was the Spanish version of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and for assessing distress the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results showed no statistically significant differences in expressed emotion in relation to the patient diagnosis and age of the caregivers. Significant differences were found regarding the type of relationship, the gender of the caregiver and illness duration; the caregivers with higher EE had more anxiety and depression than caregivers with lower EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on a probability sample of 466 Mexican college students, we want to find out if there is a relationship between psychological distress and risky behavior (drug-consuming, sexual behavior or both) between men and women. Results show that psychological distress presents more differences with women who consume drugs, tobacco and alcohol and who present behaviors which combine sex and alcohol more than men. Men with occasional sexual activity preset more distress than those who don't show this behavior. To begin, we explore the factorial structure of SCL-90-R observing the same results of those obtained by other researchers. It seems that the factor analysis doesn't support the structure proposed by the authors of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psychosocial models of adolescent development have pointed to the importance of considering the interrelationship between relevant contexts (family, school and community) in understanding psychosocial adjustment. However, few studies have examined the combined influence of these contexts in the development of specific behavioral problems such as violent behavior in schools. The present study aims to explore the links between the perception of the family, school and community climate on school violence considering the role of subjective well-being and adolescent distress. To test these multiple relationships a sample of 1795 adolescents of both sexes aged between 11 and 18 has been used. Data were analyzed using a structural equation model, including a multi-group analysis for popular and rejected students in the classroom. The results support the expected relationships and the resulting model is equivalent for both sociometric status. The discussion considers the implications of these findings for intervention with adolescents from an individual and contextual perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common multifactorial condition which is characterized by a decrease in sexual desire that causes marked personal distress and/or interpersonal difficulty. The general idea that HSDD is a sexual dysfunction difficult to treat is due to the large number of potential causes and contributing factors. Indeed, a balanced approach comprising both biological and psycho-relational factors is mandatory for accurate diagnosis and tailored management in clinical practice. There are currently no approved pharmacological treatments for premenopausal women with HSDD, while transdermal testosterone is approved in Europe for postmenopausal women who experience HSDD as a result of a bilateral oophorectomy. Even though the role of sex hormones in modulating the sexual response during the entire reproductive life span of women is crucial, a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of sexual desire supports the idea that selective psychoactive agents may be proposed as nonhormonal treatments to restore the balance between excitatory and inhibitory stimuli leading to a normal sexual response cycle. We conclude that the ideal clinical approach to HSDD remains to be established in term of efficacy and safety, and further research is needed to develop specific hormonal and nonhormonal pharmacotherapies for individualized care in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencias Psicológicas is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most commonly used distress screening questionnaire in oncology patients is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The aim of this study was to determine the optimal cut-off score to identify patients with probable significant clinical symptomatology (anxiety and depression) in a sample of oncology out-patients. The DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis interview was used as the external criteria. A total of 234 oncology out-patients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I) and the HADS. An exploratory factorial analysis with varimax rotation was carried out. The cut-off scores were calculated by the ROC curve. Results show good internal reliability for each subscale, the alpha coefficient was .82 for the anxiety subscale, and .84 for the depression subscale. Thirty one point two percent of the patients met clinical criteria for psychiatric diagnoses. According to the sensitivity and specificity rates which were approximately 70%, the optimal cut-off score for screening probable significant clinical symptomatology was a score of 8 for the anxiety subscale, and a cut-off score of 4 for the depression subscale. A score of 10 or more on HADS total scale resulted useful for screening significant distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SCL-90-R is a useful instrument to assess psychological symptoms and distress. However, in Argentina there are no studies assessing its performance in clinical populations. The present study provides evidence of its psychometric properties, and secondly, presents normative data in an Argentinean clinical population. We used a convenience sample of 570 participants who were demanding psychotherapy. The SCL-90-R was administered as part of the general admission process. The data were analyzed with the SPSS and the ViSta statistical systems. Results indicate good levels of internal consistency for all the scales (Cronbach's Alpha from .72 to .86) as well as for the general index (Cronbach's Alpha: .96). Gender differences were significant in Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety and in the general indexes. We provide normative data by gender. These norms could be useful for interpreting SCL-90-R scores in clinical settings. Preliminary evidence from the present study suggests the good performance of the SCL90-R in an Argentinean clinical population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)